OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Distinction between oceans and seas. Nature of sea water.
Water movements in oceans.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish between oceans and seas.
Compare and contrast seas and oceans.
Describe nature of sea water.
Give reasons for vertical and horizontal movements of water.

Exposition. Q/A & discussion.
Probing questions & explanations.

World map.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 104-5

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Major ocean currents.
Tides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of major ocean currents.
Give examples of some ocean currents.
Describe causes of tides.
Identify types of tides.

Discussion and oral questions.
Probing questions & explanations.

Cert. Bk III Geography
Pg 182-4

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Waves.
Wave action & resultant features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe formation of waves.
Identify types of waves.
Describe processes of wave erosion.
Identify features resulting from wave action.

Explanations and oral questions.
Explanations, probing questions & discussion.
Refer to diagrams.

Illustrative
Diagrams.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 111-3

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Wave transportation.
Wave deposition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features resulting from wave transportation.
Describe deposition by waves.

Review river transportation;
Brief discussion.
Review river deposition.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 116-7

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Features resulting from wave deposition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features resulting from wave deposition.

Review river deposition.
Brief discussion.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 120-122

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Types of coasts: Submerged coasts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Identify types of submerged coasts.

Explanations & illustrative diagrams.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 123-7

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS

Emerged coasts.
Coral coasts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of emerged coasts.
Identify conditions necessary for growth of polyps.
Identify types of coral reefs.

Explanations & illustrative diagrams.
Discussion & illustrative diagrams.

Bk III Cert. Geography
Pg 127-9

OCEANS, SEAS & COASTS
ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Significance of oceans, seas and coastal features.
Processes of wind erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the significance of oceans, seas and coastal features to humankind and to a country / region.
Describe processes of wind erosion.

Q/A, brief discussion.
Discussion: abrasion, attrition & deflation processes of erosion.
Exposition of new concepts.

Map of Africa showing distribution of arid zones.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 134-6

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Features resulting from wind erosion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from wind erosion.

Explanations & drawing illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 139-142

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Wind transportation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the ways in which wind transports its load.
State factors affecting wind transportation.

Exposition, explanations & illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 143-4

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Features resulting from wind deposition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from wind deposition.

Explain formation of wind deposition.

Exposition, explanations & drawing illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 144-7

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Action of water in arid areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
describe action of water in arid areas.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 147

ACTION OF WIND AND WATER IN ARID AREAS.

Resultant features of water action in arid areas.
Significance of features in arid areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features resulting from action of water in arid areas.
Explain the significance of features formed by water and wind action in arid zones.

Exposition, explanations and illustrative diagrams.
Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 147-152

ACTION OF WATER IN LIMESTONE AREAS.

Surface and underground water.
Occurrence of underground water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe processes leading to surface and underground water.
Explain factors, which affect the occurrence of underground water.
Identify features resulting from underground water.
Explain the importance of underground water.

Probing questions on sources of water, infiltration of water, etc.
Brief discussion.
Exposition & explanations.
Probing questions.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 154

ACTION OF WATER IN LIMESTONE AREAS.

Significance of underground water.
Karst landscape.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline significance of underground water.
Describe development of a Karst landscape.

Brief discussion and probing questions.
Explanations and illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 158

ACTION OF WATER IN LIMESTONE AREAS.
GLACIATION

Karst features.
Types of glaciers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify Karst features on the surface and underground.
Explain the significance of Karst features.
Define the terms glaciation and glacier.
Identify types of glaciers.

Explanations and illustrative diagrams;
Q/A & brief discussion.
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 160-163

GLACIATION

Processes of glaciation and resultant features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the processes of glacial erosion, transportation and deposition.

Probing questions &
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 166

GLACIATION

Processes of glaciation and resultant features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the processes of glacial erosion, transportation and deposition.

Probing questions &
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 166

GLACIATION

Glaciation in highland areas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features formed by glaciation in highland areas.
Describe formation of features by glaciation in highlands.

Exposition & explanations.

Drawing diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 166-8

GLACIATION

Glaciation in lowland areas.
Significance of glaciation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features formed by glaciation in lowland areas.
Describe formation of features by glaciation in lowland areas.
Highlight significance of glaciation.

Exposition & explanations.
Drawing diagrams.
Q/A and brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 172-3

SOIL.

Soil constituents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term soil.
Describe composition of soil.

Q/A: review soil profile, soil structure, etc.
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 193-195

SOIL.

Soil formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain processes through which soil is formed.

Q/A: review weathering.
Detailed discussion & illustrative diagrams.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 195-6

SOIL.

Factors of soil formation.
Properties of soil.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors influencing soil formation.
Identify characteristics of soil.

Q/A & discussion.
Q/A & discussion &
practical activities e.g. determining soil pH; water retention capacity, porosity, etc.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 196-8

SOIL.

Soil degeneration within a locality.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types & causes of soil degeneration.

Q/A: loss of soil fertility.
Detailed discussion.
Fieldwork.

SOIL.

Soil degeneration.
Agents of soil degeneration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types & causes of soil degeneration in a specific area.
Identify agents of soil degeneration.

Fieldwork.
Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 208-210

SOIL.

Effects of soil erosion.
Types of soils: Zonal order.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline effects of soil erosion.
Identify types of soils of the zonal order.
State characteristics of various types of soils of the zonal order.

Brain storming;
Brief discussion.
Exposition & explanations.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 211-2

SOIL.

Azonal order.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify azonal order soils.
State characteristics of various types of soils.

Exposition & explanations.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 213

SOIL.

Intrazonal order.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of soils of the intrazonal order.
State characteristics of various intrazonal order soils.

Exposition & explanations.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 214

SOIL.
STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Soil conservation & management.
Age- sex pyramids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify soil conservation & management measures.
Define the term cohort.
Recall steps for constructing an age-sex pyramid.

Brief discussion & assignment.
Q/A: review previously studied statistical methods of presenting data.
Examine population census results of age and sex.
Teacher explains construction of an age-sex pyramid.

Census results.

Cert. Geography
Bk III
Pg 215-8

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Age- sex pyramids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct an age-sex pyramid.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

Tabulated data.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 2-3

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Analysis and interpretation of age-sex pyramids. Advantages and disadvantages of age-sex pyramids
Dot maps/ Distribution maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyse and interpret age-sex pyramids.
State advantages and disadvantages of presenting data in form of age- sex pyramids.
Explain factors taken into consideration when constructing a dot map.

Expository approach:
Teacher explains significance of dot value, dot size and dot location.
Simple calculations.

Charts ? types of age- sex pyramids.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 2-3

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Constructing dot maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct dot maps.

Exposition of steps for constructing dot maps.
Practical activity- making dot maps.
Supervised practice.

Calculators, tabulated data.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 4-5

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Advantages & disadvantages of dot maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages & limitations of dot maps.

Review previous assignment.
Brief discussion on construction of dot maps.
Assignment.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 5

STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Choropleth maps.
Advantages & disadvantages of choropleth maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw a choropleth map.
State advantages & disadvantages of chloropleth maps.

Teacher exposes and explains new concepts related to choropleth maps.
Written exercise.
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 6-7

LAND RECLAMATION

Introduction. Irrigation schemes in Kenya.
Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms land reclamation and land rehabilitation.
Identify various irrigation schemes in Kenya.
State factors influencing location of the scheme.
Describe establishment of the scheme.

Probing questions related less useful land;
Brief discussion.
Probing questions;
Detailed discussion on case study.

map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 9-10

LAND RECLAMATION

Perkerra irrigation scheme.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors influencing location of the scheme.
Describe establishment of the scheme.

Probing questions;
Detailed discussion on case study.

map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 11-12

LAND RECLAMATION

Significance of irrigation farming in Kenya. Problems associated with irrigation farming in Kenya.
Methods of land reclamation. Irrigation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline significance of irrigation farming in Kenya.
Outline the problems associated with irrigation farming in Kenya.
Outline types of irrigation.

Q/A & brief discussion.
Brain storming;
Q/A & brief discussion.
Exposition of new concepts;
Brief discussion.

map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 12-13

LAND RECLAMATION

Drainage of swamps & pest control.
Other methods of land reclamation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe drainage of swamps, control of floods & pest control as methods of land reclamation.
Explain other methods of land reclamation.

Detailed discussion with probing questions.
Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 13,15

LAND RECLAMATION

Land reclamation in the Netherlands.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight features of Delta Plan project.
State the benefits of the Delta Plan project.

Expository approach & case studies on Delta Plan project.
Brief discussion on benefits of the project;
Topic review questions.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 20-21

FISHING

Factors influencing fishing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms fishing and fish-farming.
Outline factors influencing fishing.

Q/A and brief discussion on influence of presence of planktons, ocean currents, nature of coastline, capital, market and transport.
Assignment.

Map- ocean currents of Africa.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 22-23

FISHING

Types of fish & Methods of fishing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of fish.
Outline methods of fishing.
State advantages & disadvantages of specific methods of fishing.

Teacher exposes and explains new concepts related to types of fish and fishing methods.
Probing questions on advantages & disadvantages of each method.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 25-28

FISHING

Major fishing grounds in the world. - Atlantic fishing grounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for the extensive and highly developed fish farming in the Atlantic fishing grounds.

Discussion on Atlantic fishing grounds.

Illustrative maps.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 28-32

FISHING

- Pacific fishing grounds.
Fishing grounds in Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for the extensive and highly developed fish farming in the Pacific fishing grounds.
Identify major fishing grounds in Africa.

Discussion on Atlantic fishing grounds;
N.E. Asia, West America.
Descriptive approach.
Assignment method.

Illustrative maps.
Illustrative maps ? fishing grounds in Africa.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 32-33

FISHING

Fishing in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe marine fishing and inland fishing in Kenya.

Q/A & brief discussion.

Superficial case studies.

Map: drainage system in Kenya.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 35-38.

FISHING

Fish farming in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite significance of fish farming in Kenya and reasons why it should be encouraged.
State advantages & disadvantages of fish farming compared to other farming methods.
Describe establishment of fish farming in Kenya.

Brain storming,

Brief discussion.

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 38-40

FISHING

Problems associated with fishing industry in Kenya.
Management and conservation of fisheries in Kenya.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify problems associated with fishing industry.
Suggest possible solutions to the problems.
Outline some measures involved in the management and conservation of fisheries in Kenya.

Brain storming,
Brief discussion.
Brief discussion on management and conservation measures.

Map

KLB BOOK IV  Pg 40

FISHING

Fishing in Tanzania.
Fishing in Uganda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe marine fishing and inland fishing in Tanzania.
Describe marine fishing and inland fishing in Uganda.

Q/A & brief discussion.
Superficial case studies.

Map: drainage system in Tanzania.
Map: drainage systems in Uganda.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 40-41

FISHING

Fishing in Japan.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for establishment and development of fishing in Japan.

Case study.

Map showing location of Japan.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 47-48

WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Distribution of wildlife in East Africa.
Game Parks in East Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the factors influencing distribution of wildlife in East Africa.
Identify major national parks, national reserves and game sanctuaries in East Africa.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A and brief discussion.
Locating Game Parks in East Africa on the map;
Discuss distribution of the Game Parks.

Map: distribution of major game parks in East Africa.
Map

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 50-52

WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Significance and problems facing Wildlife in East Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the significance of wildlife in East Africa.
Outline problems facing wildlife in East Africa.
Suggest possible solutions to the problems.

Oral questions;
Explanations and open discussion.

Map

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 54-57