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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM I
School


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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1 1-2
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
Primary growth of a seedling.
Region of growth in a root.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe primary growth of a seedling.

To determine the region of growth in a root.
Brief discussion.
Group experiments- Observe previously prepared specimens to determine regions of growth.
Discuss observations made.
Draw relevant diagrams.

Germinating bean seeds
Cork pin
Beaker
Indian ink
Blotting paper
Ruler.
KLB BK III. P 143 CERTIFICATE PG 186
KLB BK III. P. 144 CERTIFICATE PG 186
1 3
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
Apical meristems.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label longitudinal and transverse sections of apical meristems.

Drawing and labelling transverse sections of apical meristems.
Charts- Apical meristems.
KLB BK III. P. 144 CERTIFICATE PG 186
1 4
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
Secondary growth.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe secondary growth of plants.
Detailed discussion.
text book
KLB BK III. PP. 145-146 CERTIFICATE PG 187
1 5
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
Growth hormones.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain role of hormones in growth of plants.
Discuss the role of IAA, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid e.t.c, in plant growth.
text book
KLB BK III. P. 147 CERTIFICATE PG 190
2 1-2
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
Apical dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of auxins in apical dominance.
Probing questions leading to definition and explanation of apical dominance.
Shoot with lateral growth.
KLB BK III. PP. 147-148.
2 3
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
Growth and development in insects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between complete and incomplete metamorphosis.
Q/A: Features of complete and incomplete metamorphosis of insects.
chart
KLB BK III. PP.148-14.9 CERTIFICATE PG 194
2 4
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
Role of hormones in insect growth.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify hormones that promotes insect growth.
Exposition and explanations.
text book
KLB BK III. PP. 148-149. CERTIFICATE PG 199
2 5
GENETICS
The concept of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define Genetics.
Define variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.


Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.

KLB BK IV.
PP 1-2.
3 1-2
GENETICS
Discontinuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.
Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.

text book
KLB BK IV.
P 3.
3 3
GENETICS
Continuous variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.




Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.
Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4
3

Examination 1

4 1-2
GENETICS
Causes of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book
KLB BK IV.
P 4
4 3
GENETICS
Causes of variation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss causes of variation.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book
KLB BK IV.
P 4
4 4
GENETICS
The chromosome.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.
4 5
GENETICS
The chromosome.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.
5 1-2
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 5-6
5 3
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7
5 4
GENETICS
Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.
Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.
KLB BK IV. PP 6-7
5 5
GENETICS
Genes and DNA.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.
Expository approach.
Chart- the double helix DNA.
KLB BK IV. PP 7-8
6 1-2
GENETICS
DNA replication.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 9-10
6 3
GENETICS
First law of heredity.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.
Exposition with explanations.
KLB BK IV. PP 11-12
6 4
GENETICS
Monohybrid inheritance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
6 4-5
GENETICS
Monohybrid inheritance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
7

Midterm examination

8 1-2
GENETICS
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
8 3
GENETICS
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
8 4
GENETICS
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
8 3
GENETICS
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
8

Midterm break

9 1-2
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
9 3
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
9 4
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
9 5
GENETICS
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 20-21
10 1-2
GENETICS
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Discussion.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
chart
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 21-22
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
10 3
GENETICS
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
10 4
GENETICS
Sex determination in man.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.
Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
KLB BK IV. PP 23-24
10 5
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
11 1-2
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
11 3
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
11 4
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
11 5
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
12 1-2
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
12 3
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
12 4
GENETICS
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45
12 4-5
GENETICS
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45
13

End of term examination


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