AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Household firm relationship.
Gross domestic product (GDP) and Gross National product (GNP). Per Capita Income.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a household and a firm as business terms.
Describe a household and a firm as producers and consumers and their role in a country's economic growth.
Define the terms GDP & GNP.
Define the term gross national income (GNI).
Define the term per capita income.

Q/A: review definition of economics, production economics.
Exposition & explanations.
Q/A & discussion.
Calculations.

resource person
calculator

KLB BK IV
Pg 96-97

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 20-21

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Contribution of Agriculture to national development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain contribution of Agriculture to development.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 98-9
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 90-91

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Land as a factor of production.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the economic value of production of crops and livestock and space for construction of farm buildings, agro-industries & infrastructure.
List down methods of land acquisition.

Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions to elicit responses;
Brief discussion.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 99-100

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 92-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Labor as a factor of production.
Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term labor as used in production.
Explain ways of improving labor productivity.
Identify types of labor.
Define the term capital.
Identify types of capital.
List sources of capital.

Oral questions & discussion.
Oral questions, exposition & discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 100-2

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 93-4

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Management as a production factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State functions of a manager in a farm.
Identify good qualities of a manager.

Q/A & discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 103-4

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Production function.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define production function.
State characteristics of variable and fixed inputs.

Q/A: examples of inputs & outputs; variable and fixed inputs;
Brief discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 104-6
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 96-7

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Production function curves.
Increasing returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate and interpret input-output relationship graphically.
Illustrate and interpret Increasing returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where increasing returns production functions are experienced.

Worked examples: supervised practice.
Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of increasing returns production functions.

Graph papers.

KLB BK IV
Pg 106-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 98

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Constant returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Constant returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where Increasing returns production functions are experienced.

Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of constant returns production functions.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 108-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 99

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Decreasing returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Decreasing returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where decreasing returns production functions are experienced.

Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of decreasing returns production functions.

graphs

KLB BK IV
Pg 109-10

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Law of diminishing returns.
Zones of a PF curve.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the law oh diminishing returns.
Divide a production function into three zones.
Identify rational zones of production.

Refer to illustrative tables.
Plot graphs from the tables;
Discuss shape of the curve.
Q/A: review AP, MP.
Guided discovery of the three zones.

graphs
Chart - Curve showing 3 zones of PF.

KLB BK IV
Pg 112

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 100-1

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

The principles of substitution. Input-input relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the principles of substitution.
Give examples illustrating principles of substitution.
Identify ways of combining inputs.

Exposition.

Illustrative examples, brief discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 115-6

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 102

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Product-product relationship. Supplementary and complementary products.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of product-product relationship.

Give illustrative examples depicting supplementary and complementary products.

Oral questions: joint products, competitive products.

Discussion.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 116-7

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 103

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

The principle of equi-marginal returns. The concept of cost.
Types of revenue.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the principle of equi-marginal returns.
Determine the cost of production.
Identify the role of cost in production.
List types of costs.
Compute total revenue, net revenue and marginal revenue given the relevant information.

Discussion.
Exposition;
Worked examples.
Worked examples;
Explanations.

KLB BK IV
Pg 117-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 104-5,6

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farm planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors to consider when drawing a farm plan.

Exposition, Q/A & discussion.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 121-2
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 108

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Making a farm plan.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline steps followed in making a farm plan.

Exposition, probing questions & discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 122-3
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 109

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farm budgeting.
Types of farm budgets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a farm budget.
Analyse importance of farm budgeting.
Describe types of farm budgets.
Give examples of contexts where certain types of budgets are used.
Draw a partial budget.
Draw a complete budget.

Exposition & discussion.
Exposition & discussion,
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercises.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 123
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 110

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farmer?s support services Extension, training & banking.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe extension, training & banking as support services to the farmers.

Exposition & explanations.

KLB BK IV
Pg 127-8

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 112-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Credit. Sources of credit.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term credit.
Identify types of credit.
Differentiate between hard & soft credit.
List down sources of credit.
Identify problems associated with credits.

Detailed discussion
& exposition of new concepts.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 128-130



Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 113-5

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Artificial insemination & Agricultural research.
Marketing. Farm input suppliers Tractor hire service

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe A.I. services provided to farmers.
Identify objectives of Agricultural research.
Give examples of Agricultural research centers in Kenya.
Cite examples of organizations that help farmers in marketing their produce.
Cite organizations where farmers can obtain farm inputs.
State merits & demerits of tractor hire service.
Cite points of tractor hire service.

Detailed discussion
& exposition of new concepts.
Writing initials in full e.g. KPCU.
Brief discussion

student book
resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 130-2

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 115-6

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Risks and uncertainties in farming.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms risk and uncertainty.
List types of risk and uncertainties.

Brain storming;
Detailed discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 134-5

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 116-7

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Adjusting to uncertainties and risks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ways of adjusting to risks and uncertainties.

Brain storming;
Detailed discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 135-6

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 118-9

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial documents.
Books of accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline details contained in an invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.
Describe features of the ledger and the inventory.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.

Invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.

KLB BK IV
Pg 139-145

Longhorn Bk 4
121

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the cash book.
Balance cash book.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative examples.

Cash book.

KLB BK IV
Pg 150
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 125

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Journal & Subsidiary books of the Journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the journal & subsidiary books of the journal.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.

KLB BK IV
Pg 151-3

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial statements. Balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of balance sheets.
Prepare a balance sheet.

Make entries in a balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.

Balance sheet.

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 129-130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Solvency of a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine whether a business is solvent or insolvent.

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Profit and loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a profit and loss account.
Draw a profit and loss A/C.
Compute net profit.

Teacher gives format of profit and loss A/C.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

chart 

KLB BK IV
Pg 157-9
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 132-3

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Cash analysis.
Market and marketing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term cash analysis.
Draw a cash analysis.
Compute total receipt and total expenditure for a given accounting period.
Define the term market as an institution.
Distinguish between a perfect and imperfect market.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.
Q/A: definition.
Teacher?s explanations.

chart
student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 159-162

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 133-4

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Types of markets. Monopoly. Oligopoly & Monopsony.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of a monopolistic competition in a market, oligopolistic and monopsonistic markets.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 165-6

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 137-8

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Price theory and demand.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms price & demand.
Sketch the demand curve.
Explain the term demand schedule.

Exposition;
Curve sketching & explanations.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 166-8
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 139-140

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Factors affecting demand for a commodity.
Elasticity of demand.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors affecting demand for a commodity.
Explain the concept of elasticity of demand.
Illustrate demand for a commodity.
Calculate elasticity of demand.
Identify types of elasticity of demand.
Illustrate elastic, inelastic & unitary demand graphically.

Q/A, discussion & explanations.
Teacher?s explanations.
Graphical illustration.
Worked examples. Supervised practice.
Graphical representation of demand.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 168-9
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 140-2

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Factors affecting elasticity of demand.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors affecting elasticity of demand.

Exposition;
Explanations.

KLB BK IV
Pg 173-4

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Supply & Supply-price relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term supply.
Illustrate supply-price relationship.

Sketching supply-price curves.
Refer to supply schedules.
Discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 174-5
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 144-5

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Factors affecting supply of a commodity.
Elasticity of supply (Es).

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State & explain factors affecting supply of a commodity.
Define elasticity of supply (Es).
Calculate (Es)

Q/A & detailed discussion.
Q/A: review Ed hence defines Es.
Worked examples.
Supervised activity.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 175-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 145-6

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Determination of market prices.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how market prices are determined.
Determine the equilibrium or market prices of a commodity in a free market.

Teacher?s explanation.

Q/A : review demand and supply curves.
Plot both curves.
Interpret the graphs.

graph

KLB BK IV
Pg 178-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 149

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Price control. Marketing and marketing function.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of government in price control.

Define marketing and marketing function.describe tingfunction. a market.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 179-183

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 151

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Marketing organizations and agencies. Wholesalers & retailers.
Itinerant traders, broker agents & commission agents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the arbitrage role of a wholesaler.
Identify services provided by retailers.
Outline the functions of Itinerant traders, broker agents & commission agents in a market.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.
Exposition & explanation.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 183-4

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 151

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Packers and processors, marketing boards & auctioneers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline functions of packers and processors, marketing boards & auctioneers in a market.

Q/A & detailed discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 185-6

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Special characteristics of Agricultural products.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe bulkiness, weight, volume, seasonality and perishability of Agricultural products.

Oral questions & detailed discussion

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 186-8

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Agricultural organizations. Kenya sugar authority, Horticultural crops Development Authority, AFC, ADC, and KMC.
Other Farmers? Associations: KNFU, ASK, 4K-club, YF club.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the functions of Kenya sugar authority, Horticultural crops Development Authority, AFC, ADC, and KMC.
Outline the functions of other Farmers? Associations such as KNFU, ASK, 4K-club, YF club.

Probing questions,
Brief discussion
Assignment.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 189-192

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 163-4

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING & ORGANIZATIONS

Co-operative societies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the principles of co-operatives.
Highlight functions of co-operatives.

Probing questions, brief discussion, & teacher?s explanations.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 161-2

AGRO FORESTRY

Definition of Agroforestry. Forms of agroforestry.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term agroforestry.

Describe forms of agroforestry.

Probing questions & explanations.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 200-1

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 166-7

AGRO FORESTRY

Importance of agroforestry.
Tree nursery.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the importance of agroforestry.
State factors considered when selecting the nursery site.
Describe treatment of nursery seeds.

Q/A & discussions.

Tree nurseries.

KLB BK IV
Pg 201-2
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 167-8

AGRO FORESTRY

Nursery management practices & Care and management of trees.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify practices carried out on the nursery in order to produce healthy tree seedlings.
Describe the care and management of trees.

Brain storming;
Discussion;
Practical activities ? transplanting seedlings.

Tree nurseries.

KLB BK IV
Pg 205-8

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 173-177