FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Electrical system of a tractor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name the components in the electrical system of a tractor.
Highlight methods of maintaining a tractor battery.

Refer to diagram for electrical system of a tractor;
Brief discussion.

Chart-  electrical system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 65-67

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 61

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor ignition system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Name the components of tractor ignition system.
Correct some common faults of ignition system.
Discuss maintenance practices of the ignition system.

Refer to a diagram for ignition system of a tractor;
Brief discussion.

Chart - ignition system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 67-69

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 62-63

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor cooling system.
Lubrication system of an engine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Briefly describe air-cooled and water-cooled systems.
Discuss proper maintenance of cooling system.

Describe the lubrication system of an engine.
Outline importance of maintaining the lubrication system.

Brief discussion.
Exposition;
Brief discussion.

Chart- water cooling system.
diagram of a lubrication system

KLB BK IV
Pg 69-71

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 63-64
KLB BK IV
Pg 71-72
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 64-5

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Power transmission system of an engine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the function of power transmission system.
State the function of the clutch, gearbox and the differential.

Teacher exposes the parts of power transmission system.
Refer to diagrams to identify parts of a power transmission system;
Brief discussion.

Chart- power transmission
system.

KLB BK IV
Pg 72-76

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 64-65

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor servicing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe tractor servicing and maintenance practices.

Brief discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 776-77
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 65-6

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Tractor drawn implements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify tractor drawn implements on basis of attachment to the tractor.
List down maintenance practices for a trailer.

Teacher?s explanations.


Q/A: maintenance practices.

Charts-
Tractor drawn implements.

KLB BK IV
Pg 77-80

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 66-7

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Disc plough.
Mould board plough.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Label parts of a disc plough
List down maintenance practices for a disc plough.

State operational differences between the disc plough and mould board plough.

Q/A: review primary and secondary cultivation.

Drawing labeled diagrams.

Q/A & discussion.

Chart- Disc plough

Chart- Mould board plough

KLB BK IV
Pg 79-80

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 68-9
KLB BK IV
Pg 80-82
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 70-1

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Harrows.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of harrows and their uses.
List down maintenance practices for harrows.

Drawing diagrams, Q/A & discussion.

harrows 

KLB BK IV
Pg 82-84
Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 72-77

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Other farm implements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the functional features of subsoilers, ridgers, rotary tillers & mowers.
List down maintenance practices for the
implements.

Exposition & brief discussion.
Excursion & exhibitions.

illustrative video

KLB BK IV
Pg 85-91

Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 78-82

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.

Animal drawn implements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of animal drawn implements and state their functions.
List down maintenance practices for an ox-plough, an ox-plough, and an ox-cart.
State merits & demerits of using animal-drawn implements compared to tractor power.

Drawing and labeling an ox-plough;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

Chart:
An ox-plough.

KLB BK IV
Pg 91-94


Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 82-83

FARM POWER & MACHINERY.
AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Animal drawn implements.
Household firm relationship.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of animal drawn implements and state their functions.
List down maintenance practices for an ox-plough, an ox-plough, and an ox-cart.
State merits & demerits of using animal-drawn implements compared to tractor power.

Define a household and a firm as business terms.
Describe a household and a firm as producers and consumers and their role in a country's economic growth.

Drawing and labeling an ox-plough;
Probing questions;
Discussion.
Q/A: review definition of economics, production economics.
Exposition & explanations.
Q/A & discussion.

Chart:
An ox-plough.
resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 91-94


Longhorn Bk IV
Pg 82-83
KLB BK IV
Pg 96-97

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 20-21

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Gross domestic product (GDP) and Gross National product (GNP). Per Capita Income.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms GDP & GNP.
Define the term gross national income (GNI).


Define the term per capita income.

Exposition & explanations.



Calculations.

calculator

KLB BK IV
Pg 97-98

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 87-88

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Contribution of Agriculture to national development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain contribution of Agriculture to development.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 98-9
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 90-91

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Land as a factor of production.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the economic value of production of crops and livestock and space for construction of farm buildings, agro-industries & infrastructure.
List down methods of land acquisition.

Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions to elicit responses;
Brief discussion.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 99-100

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 92-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Labor as a factor of production.
Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term labor as used in production.
Explain ways of improving labor productivity.
Identify types of labor.
Define the term capital.
Identify types of capital.
List sources of capital.

Oral questions & discussion.
Oral questions, exposition & discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 100-2

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 93-4
KLB BK IV
Pg 102-3
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 94-95

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Management as a production factor.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State functions of a manager in a farm.
Identify good qualities of a manager.

Q/A & discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 103-4

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Production function.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define production function.
State characteristics of variable and fixed inputs.

Q/A: examples of inputs & outputs; variable and fixed inputs;
Brief discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 104-6
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 96-7

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Production function curves.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate and interpret input-output relationship graphically.

Worked examples: supervised practice.

Graph papers.

KLB BK IV
Pg 106-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 98

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Increasing returns production functions.
Constant returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate and interpret Increasing returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where increasing returns production functions are experienced.
Constant returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where Increasing returns production functions are experienced.

Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of increasing returns production functions.
Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of constant returns production functions.

Graph papers.
charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 107-8
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 99
KLB BK IV
Pg 108-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 99

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Decreasing returns production functions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Decreasing returns production functions.
Give empirical examples where decreasing returns production functions are experienced.

Tabulate inputs and outputs.
Graphical representation of decreasing returns production functions.

graphs

KLB BK IV
Pg 109-10

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Law of diminishing returns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the law oh diminishing returns.

Refer to illustrative tables.
Plot graphs from the tables;
Discuss shape of the curve.

graphs

KLB BK IV
Pg 112

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 100-1

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Zones of a PF curve.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Divide a production function into three zones.
Identify rational zones of production.

Q/A: review AP, MP.
Guided discovery of the three zones.

Chart - Curve showing 3 zones of PF.

KLB BK IV
Pg 113-5
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 101-2

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

The principles of substitution. Input-input relationship.
Product-product relationship. Supplementary and complementary products.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the principles of substitution.
Give examples illustrating principles of substitution.
Identify ways of combining inputs.
Give examples of product-product relationship.

Give illustrative examples depicting supplementary and complementary products.

Exposition.

Illustrative examples, brief discussion.
Oral questions: joint products, competitive products.

Discussion.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 115-6

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 102
KLB BK IV
Pg 116-7

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 103

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

The principle of equi-marginal returns. The concept of cost.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the principle of equi-marginal returns.

Determine the cost of production.
Identify the role of cost in production.
List types of costs.

Discussion.


Exposition;
Worked examples.

KLB BK IV
Pg 117-9

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 104-5,6

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Types of revenue.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute total revenue, net revenue and marginal revenue given the relevant information.

Worked examples;
Explanations.

KLB BK IV
Pg 119-120
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 107

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farm planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors to consider when drawing a farm plan.

Exposition, Q/A & discussion.

charts

KLB BK IV
Pg 121-2
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 108

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Making a farm plan.
Farm budgeting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline steps followed in making a farm plan.
Define a farm budget.
Analyse importance of farm budgeting.

Exposition, probing questions & discussion.
Exposition & discussion.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 122-3
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 109
KLB BK IV
Pg 123
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 110

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Types of farm budgets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe types of farm budgets.
Give examples of contexts where certain types of budgets are used.
Draw a partial budget.
Draw a complete budget.

Exposition & discussion,
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercises.

chart

KLB BK IV
Pg 124-7

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 110-1

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Farmer?s support services Extension, training & banking.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe extension, training & banking as support services to the farmers.

Exposition & explanations.

KLB BK IV
Pg 127-8

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 112-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Credit. Sources of credit.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term credit.
Identify types of credit.
Differentiate between hard & soft credit.
List down sources of credit.
Identify problems associated with credits.

Detailed discussion
& exposition of new concepts.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 128-130



Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 113-5

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Credit. Sources of credit.
Artificial insemination & Agricultural research.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term credit.
Identify types of credit.
Differentiate between hard & soft credit.
List down sources of credit.
Identify problems associated with credits.

Describe A.I. services provided to farmers.
Identify objectives of Agricultural research.
Give examples of Agricultural research centers in Kenya.

Detailed discussion
& exposition of new concepts.

student book

KLB BK IV
Pg 128-130



Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 113-5
KLB BK IV
Pg 130-2

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 115-6

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Marketing. Farm input suppliers Tractor hire service

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of organizations that help farmers in marketing their produce.
Cite organizations where farmers can obtain farm inputs.
State merits & demerits of tractor hire service.
Cite points of tractor hire service.

Writing initials in full e.g. KPCU.

Brief discussion

resource person

KLB BK IV
Pg 132-4


Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 112-3

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Risks and uncertainties in farming.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms risk and uncertainty.
List types of risk and uncertainties.

Brain storming;
Detailed discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 134-5

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 116-7

AGRIC. ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)

Adjusting to uncertainties and risks.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ways of adjusting to risks and uncertainties.

Brain storming;
Detailed discussion.

KLB BK IV
Pg 135-6

Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 118-9

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial documents.
Books of accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Outline details contained in an invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.

Describe features of the ledger and the inventory.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.

Invoice, receipt, delivery note and a purchase order.

KLB BK IV
Pg 139-145

Longhorn Bk 4
121

KLB BK IV
Pg 146-150
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 124

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the cash book.
Balance cash book.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative examples.

Cash book.

KLB BK IV
Pg 150
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 125

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Journal & Subsidiary books of the Journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the journal & subsidiary books of the journal.

Oral questions & brief discussion.
Illustrative tables.

KLB BK IV
Pg 151-3

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial statements. Balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of balance sheets.
Prepare a balance sheet.

Make entries in a balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.

Balance sheet.

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 129-130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Financial statements. Balance sheet.
Solvency of a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of balance sheets.
Prepare a balance sheet.


Determine whether a business is solvent or insolvent.

Make entries in a balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Supervised practice.

Balance sheet.

KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 129-130
KLB BK IV
Pg 154-7
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 130

AGRICULTURE ECONOMIC IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)

Profit and loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a profit and loss account.
Draw a profit and loss A/C.
Compute net profit.

Teacher gives format of profit and loss A/C.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

chart 

KLB BK IV
Pg 157-9
Longhorn Bk 4
Pg 132-3