AIR AND COMBUSTION

Composition of air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



State the composition of air by volume.

Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 68-71

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Air and combustion.
Active part of air.
Rusting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment to show percentage of air that supports burning.

Determine percentage of active part of air using copper.
Identify conditions necessary for rusting.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion;
Worked examples.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion;
Worked examples.
Group experiments;
Discussion.

Sodium hydroxide solution, candle, gas jar, trough, copper turnings, hard glass tube, glass syringes.


Copper turnings, glass wool, syringes, plastic tubing.
Iron

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 68-71

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Percentage of air used up during rusting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment to show percentage of air used up during rusting.

Teacher demonstration;
Questioning;
Discussion.

Iron nails, troughs.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 72

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Preventing rusting.
Smouldering of phosphorus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State methods of preventing rusting.
Describe an experiment to show percentage of air used up when phosphorus smoulders.

Questioning;
Discussion.
Teacher demonstration;

TEXT BOOK
White phosphorus, trough.

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Presence of carbon (IV) oxide and water in the air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment to show presence of carbon (IV) oxide and water in the air.

Teacher demonstration;
Probing questions on colour changes;
Discussion.

Aspirator, lime water, u-tube, anhydrous calcium chloride.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 73-74

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Fractional distillation of liquid air.
Lab preparation of oxygen.
Burning metals in air (oxygen)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fractional distillation of liquid air.
Prepare oxygen in the lab.
State physical properties of oxygen.
State how metals burn in air.

Q/A to review fractional distillation;
Discuss flow diagram.
Teacher demonstration / group expts;
Questioning;
Discussion.
Teacher demonstration;
Questioning;
Discussion.
Write equations.

Flowchart.
Sodium peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide, potassium permanganate.
Sodium, calcium,
magnesium,
iron, copper.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 75-76
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 80-81

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Products of burning metals in air.
Reactivity series.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of burning metals in air.
Recall the reactivity series for some metals.

Group experiments;
Testing for products;
Write chemical equations.
Questioning;
Discussion.

Weighing balance.
Chart- reactivity series for metals.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 82-83,
P. 85

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Burning non-metals in air (oxygen)
Competition for oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of burning non-metals in air.
Describe redox reactions.
Write equations for redox reactions.
State applications of redox reactions.

Teacher demonstration;
Questioning;
Discussion.
Write equations.
Q/A to review redox reactions;
Teacher demonstrations;

Carbon, sulphur, phosphorus.
Metals and metal oxides.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 84-85

AIR AND COMBUSTION

Reactivity series based on redox reactions, Uses of oxygen. Environmental pollution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the reactivity series.
State uses of oxygen.
Discuss environmental pollution.

Q/A to review redox reactions;

Open discussion.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 88-89

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Burning candle wax in air.
Reaction of cold water with metals.
Reaction of steam with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Test for the products of burning candle wax in air.
Identify products of reaction of cold water with metals.
Identify products of reaction of steam with metals.
Recall the reactivity series of metals based on reaction with water.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion.
Discussion;
Write equations.
Teacher demonstrations;
Test for evolved gas;
Discussion;
Write equations.
Review reactivity series.

Candles, lime water.
Calcium, sodium grain.
Magnesium ribbon, sand, iron / steel wool.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 91-92
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 94-96

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Hydrogen. - lab preparation.
Hydrogen. - physical properties.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe laboratory preparation of hydrogen.
State physical properties of hydrogen.

Teacher demonstrations;
Discussion.
Probing questions and discussion.

Zinc granules,
dil HCl,
conc. sulphuric acid.
conc. sulphuric acid, litmus papers.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 97

WATER AND HYDROGEN

Hydrogen as a reducing agent.
Burning hydrogen in air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment to show reducing properties of hydrogen.
Identify products of burning hydrogen in air.

Teacher demonstration;
Discussion;
Write equations.
Discussion.

Copper (II) oxide, anhydrous Copper (II) sulphate., dry hydrogen.
Anhydrous calcium chloride,
hydrogen, U tube, ice cold water.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 99-101

WATER AND HYDROGEN
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Uses of hydrogen.
Atomic and mass numbers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of hydrogen.
Name the subatomic particles in an atom.
Define atomic number and mass number of an atom.
Represent atomic and mass numbers symbolically.

Probing questions;
Open discussion.
Exposition on new concepts;
Brief discussion.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 102-103

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

First twenty elements of the periodic table.
Isotopes.
Electronic configuration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
List the first twenty elements of the periodic table.
Write chemical symbols of the first twenty elements of the periodic table.
Define isotopes.
Give examples of isotopes.
Represent isotopes symbolically.
Define an energy level.
Describe electronic configuration in an atom.

Expository approach: referring to the periodic table, teacher exposes the first twenty elements.
Writing down a list of first twenty elements of the periodic table.

Exposition of definition and examples of isotopes.
Giving examples of isotopes.
Exposition ? teacher exposes new concepts about electronic configuration.
Written exercise.

Periodic table.

K.L.B.
BOOK II

PP. 1-3
K.L.B.
BOOK II
P. 4





PP. 5-8

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Electronic configuration in diagrams.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent electronic configuration diagrammatically.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

K.L.B.
BOOK II
PP. 5-8

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Periods of the periodic table.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify elements of the same period.

Exposition ? Definition of a period.
Q/A: Examples of elements of the same period.

Periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 9

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Groups of the periodic table.
R.M.M. and isotopes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify elements of the same period.
Calculate R.M.M. from isotopic composition.

Exposition ? definition of a group.
Q/A: examples of elements of the same group.
Supervised practice involving calculation of RMM from isotopic composition.

Periodic table.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 9

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Positive ions and ion formation.
Positive ions representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an ion and a cation.

To represent formation of positive ions symbolically.

Teacher gives examples of stable atoms.
Guided discovery that metals need to lose one, two or three electrons to attain stability.
Examples of positive ions.


Diagrammatic representation of cations.

text book
Chart  ion model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 14-15
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 16

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Positive ions representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To represent formation of positive ions symbolically.

Diagrammatic representation of cations.

Chart  ion model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 16

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Negative ions and ion formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define an anion.
To describe formation of negative ions symbolically.

Teacher gives examples of stable atoms.
Guided discovery of formation of negative ions.
Diagrammatic representation of anions.

Chart  ion model.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 17

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Valencies of metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall valencies of metals among the first twenty elements in the periodic table.

Q/A to review previous lesson;
Exposition;
Guided discovery.

Periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 17

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Valencie of non-metals.
Valencies of radicals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall valencies of non-metals among the first twenty elements in the periodic table.
Define a radical.
Recall the valencies of common radicals.

Q/A to review previous lesson;
Exposition;
Guided discovery.

Exposition ? teacher defines a radical, gives examples of radicals and exposes their valencies.
Students draw a table of radicals and their valencies.

Periodic table.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 17
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Oxidation number.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define oxidation number.
Predict oxidation numbers from position of elements in the periodic table.

Q/A: Valencies.
Expose oxidation numbers of common ions.
Students complete a table of ions and their oxidation numbers.

The periodic table.

K.L.B. BOOK IIvP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Electronic configuration, ion formed, valency and oxidation number

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate electronic configuration, ion formed, valency and oxidation number of different elements.

Written exercise;
Exercise review.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP 18

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. - Elements of equal valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of equal valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as NaCl, MgO.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 19-20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical formulae of compounds. -Elements of unequal valencies.
Chemical formulae of compounds. -Elements of variable valencies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of unequal valencies.
To derive the formulae of some compounds involving elements of variable valencies.

Discuss formation of compounds such as MgCl2
Al (NO3)3
Discuss formation of compounds such as
-Copper (I) Oxide.
-Copper (II) Oxide.
-Iron (II) Sulphate.
-Iron (III) Sulphate.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 19-20
K.L.B. BOOK IIP 20

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Chemical equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify components of chemical equations.

Review word equations;
Exposition of new concepts with probing questions;
Brief discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 21-23

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Balanced chemical equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To balance chemical equations correctly.

Exposition;
Supervised practice.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 24-25

THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM & THE PERIODIC TABLE

Balanced chemical equations.(contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To balance chemical equations correctly.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 25-8

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkali metals. Atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals
Ionisation energy of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Identify alkali metals.
State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkali metals.

State changes in number of energy levels and ionisation energy of alkali metals.

Q/A to reviews elements of group I and their electronic configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Discussion & making deductions from the table.
Examine a table of elements, number of energy levels and their ionization energy.
Discuss the trend deduced from the table.

The periodic
text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 28-29

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkali metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Li, Na, and K.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion on physical properties of alkali metals.

Chart ? comparative properties of Li, Na, K.

K.L.B. BOOK IIPP 30-31

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Chemical properties of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of alkali metals with water.

Q/A: Review reaction of metals with water.
Writing down chemical equations for the reactions.
Deduce and discuss the order of reactivity down the group.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 32

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write balanced equations for reaction of alkali metals with chlorine gas.

Teacher demonstration- reaction of sodium with chlorine in a fume chamber.
Q/A: Students to predict a similar reaction between potassium and chlorine.
Word and balanced chemical equations for various reactions.

Sodium, chlorine.

K.L.B. BOOK IIP. 33

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Compounds of alkali metals.
Uses of alkali metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write chemical formulae for compounds of alkali metals.
Explain formation of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.

State uses of alkali metals.

Exercise: Completing a table of hydroxides, oxides and chlorides of alkali metals.
Discuss combination of ions of alkali metals with anions.

Descriptive approach: Teacher elucidates uses of alkali metals.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 33
K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Alkaline Earth metals Atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify alkaline earth metals.

State changes in atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals.

Q/A: Elements of group I and their electron configuration.
Examine a table of elements, their symbols and atomic & ionic radii.
Make deductions from the table.

Some alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II pp 34

CHEMICAL FAMILIES

Physical properties of alkaline earth metals.
Electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and explain trends in physical properties of alkaline earth metals.
To describe electrical properties of alkaline earth metals.

Examine a table showing comparative physical properties of Be, Mg, Ca.
Q/A: Teacher asks probing questions as students refer to the table for answers.
Detailed discussion of physical properties of alkaline earth metals.
Teacher demonstration: -
To show alkaline metals are good conductors of electric charge.

Some alkaline earth metals.
Alkaline earth metals.

K.L.B. BOOK II P. 35