SOIL FERTILITY
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I

Methods of making organic manure.
Importance of livestock. Livestock types and breeds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe methods of making organic manure.
To state the importance of livestock.
To define the terms livestock breed and livestock type.

Discussion: Compost manure, green manure, FYM.
Procedure of making manure.
Q/A
Exposition: Definition of livestock breeds and types.

Compost manure, green manure, FYM.
Livestock products and by-products.

KLB
Pages 112

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I

Dairy cattle.
Breeds of dairy cattle.
Beef cattle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify key parts of a cow.
To identify characteristics of dairy cattle.
To describe various breeds of dairy cattle.
To describe common breeds of dairy cattle.
To identify major parts of a beef animal.
To identify general characteristics of beef cattle.

Drawing and labeling a cow.
Q/A: Characteristics of dairy cattle.
Brief discussion: characteristics, origin of - Jersey, Guernsey, Friesian, Ayrshire, Brown Swiss.
Drawing and labeling a beef cow.

Chart- key parts of a cow.
Wall chart: breeds of dairy cows.
Charts- a beef animal.

KLB
Page 119 

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I

Breeds of beef cattle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various breeds of beef cattle

Brief discussion: Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Charolais, and Galloway.

Wall chart-Beef cattle

KLB
Pages 122

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I

Dual-purpose cattle.
Sheep. Breeds of wool sheep.
Mutton sheep breeds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify dual-purpose cattle breeds (both exotic and indigenous).
To state characteristics of dual-purpose cattle breeds.
To name the key parts of a sheep.
To name breeds of wool sheep.
To state characteristics of each bread of wool sheep.
To name breeds of mutton sheep.
To state characteristics of each bread of mutton sheep.

Discuss characteristics of Sahiwal, Red Poll and Zebu (East African Zebu).
Identifying and stating characteristics of Merino sheep, Rambouillet, Suffolk.
Identifying and stating characteristics of the Dorper, Black head Persian sheep, Masai sheep, Somali sheep.

Photographs of dual-purpose cattle breeds.
Chart- key parts of a sheep.
Wall chart- Breeds of wool sheep.
Wall chart- Breeds of mutton sheep.

KLB
Pages 122

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I

Dual-purpose sheep.
Breeds of meat goats.
Breeds of milk goats.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name breeds of dual-purpose sheep.
To state characteristics of each bread of dual-purpose sheep.
To name and state characteristics of breeds of meat goats.
To name and state characteristics of breeds of milk goats.
To state characteristics of Angora goat.

Assignment method: Stating characteristics of Romney Marsh, Corriedale, and Hampshire Down.
Highlight the characteristics of: Galla goat, Boar goat.
Highlight the characteristics of: Toggenburg goat, Saanen, Jamnapuri goat, e.t.c.
Highlight the characteristics of Angora goat.

Wall chart: dual-purpose sheep breeds.
Wall chart- milk and meat goats.

KLB
Page 132

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I

Pig breeds.
Breeds of rabbits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name key parts of a pig.
To identify breeds of pigs and their characteristics.
To name key parts of a rabbit.
To identify breeds of rabbits and their characteristics.

Highlight briefly the characteristics of Large White, Ladrace, Hampshire and others.
Briefly discuss the typical conformation and characteristics of New Zealand White, the California White, the Chinchilla and Earlops.

Chart- Key parts of a pig
Wall chart- Major pig breeds.
Chart- Key parts of a rabbit
Wall chart- Rabbit breeds.

KLB
Pages 122

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I

Chicken breeds.
Chicken hybrids.
Camel breeds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name key parts of a chicken.
To list characteristics of pure breeds of chicken
To state advantages of hybrids over pure breeds.
To identify the two major camel breeds.

Drawing and labelling.
Assignment method:
Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, Australop, Light Sussex, Plymouth Rock, e.t.c.
Q/A & brief discussion.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Excursion.

Chart - Key parts of a chicken.
Photographs of camel breeds.

KLB
Pages 128

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 1

Introduction.
Basic economic principles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define the terms Economics and Agricultural Economics.
To explain basic concepts of economics.

Probing questions and discussion.
Discussion at length on the following: scarcity and choice, opportunity cost, preference and choice.

text book

KLB
Page 141

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 1

Importance of Farm records.
Types of farm records. Inventory and financial records.
Labor records and production records.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the importance of keeping accurate up-to-date farm records.
To describe inventory records and financial records.
To describe labour records and production records, and their components.

Q/A and explanation of importance of farm records.
Probing questions and discussion.

Specimen farm records.
Samples of records / charts.
Labour records and production records.

KLB
Pages 142

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 1

Livestock Production Records. Breeding records.
Feeding records. Health records.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify components of animal breeding records.
To explain importance of feeding records.
To represent feeding details in tabular form.
To identify details of animal health records.

Q/A: Components of breeding records.
Group work:
- Components of breeding records of a cow in tabular form.
-Components of breeding records of a sow.
Probing questions and discussion.

Livestock breeding records.
Chart ? Sample of animal health record.

KLB
Page 145

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 1
INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Livestock production records.
Macro-nutrients. Nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state importance of keeping accurate livestock production records.
To identify necessary details of livestock production records.
To identify plants macronutrients.
To classify macro-nutrients as fertilizers and liming elements.
To identify role of nitrogen in plants.
To state symptoms of nitrogen deficiency in plants

Discussion: Milk production record/ egg production record.
Practical activity- Design milk production / egg production records.
List down macro- elements.
Q/A: Definition of an ion; expose ionic form of elements.
Discuss, giving examples the role of nitrogen and the deficiency symptoms.

Livestock production records.
Yellowish-green / brown leaves.

KLB
Page 146

INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Phosphorus. Potassium.
Magnesium. Calcium.
Sulphur. Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify role of phosphorus in plants.
To state symptoms of phosphorus deficiency in plants.
To identify role of potassium in plants.
To state symptoms of potassium deficiency in plants.
To identify role of magnesium in plants.
To state symptoms of magnesium deficiency in plants.
To identify role of calcium in plants.
To state symptoms of calcium deficiency in plants.
To identify role of sulphur in plants.
To state symptoms of sulphur deficiency in plants.
To explain the photosynthetic role of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Discuss, giving examples the role of phosphorus and the deficiency symptoms of phosphorus.
Discuss, giving examples the role of potassium and the deficiency symptoms.
Discuss, giving examples the role of magnesium and the deficiency symptoms.
Discuss, giving examples the role of calcium and the deficiency symptoms.
Discuss, giving examples the role of sulphur and the deficiency symptoms.
Briefly highlight the role of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in photosynthesis.

Purple flowers.
Curled leaves,
Chlorotic leaves.
Thin stems with reduced nodulation.
Tomatoes with blossom end rot.
crop leaves

KLB BK II
Pgs 2-3

INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Micro-nutrients.
Classification of Fertilizers. Straight and compound fertilizers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify plants micronutrients and state their roles.
To identify deficiency symptoms of minor nutrients in plants.
To identify criteria used to classify inorganic fertilizers.
To distinguish between straight and compound fertilizers.
To give examples of:
- Straight fertilizers.
- Compound fertilizers.

Q/A: Compare micronutrients with macronutrients hence define a micronutrient.
Exposition: Teacher gives examples of micronutrients and exposes their roles and deficiency symptoms.
Teacher briefly exposes the classification criteria.
Detailed discussion.
Teacher presents the fertilizers and helps students to identify them.

Chart: Macronutrients,
micronutrients,
their ionic forms and deficiency symptoms.
CAN
ASN
SA
DAP, MAP, Urea.

Pg 6

INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Nitrogenous fertilizers.
Phosphatic fertilizers.
Potassic fertilizers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of nitrogenous fertilizers.
To state characteristics of phosphatic fertilizers.
To give examples of phosphatic fertilizers.
To state characteristics of potassium fertilizers.
To give examples of potassium fertilizers.

Group experiments- Dissolving nitrogenous fertilizers in water.
Discussion: Other characteristics of nitrogenous fertilizers.
Giving examples of nitrogenous fertilizers.
Group experiment: Dissolving SSP in water and carrying out litmus tests.
Discuss further properties of SSP, DSP, TSP.
Group experiments: Solubility in water, litmus tests.
Discuss properties of KCl, K2SO4.

(NH4)2 SO4
ASN
SSP
DSP
TSP
KCl
K2SO4

KLB BK II Pg 9-10

INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Fertilizer Application.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe methods of fertilizer application.

Q/A: Teacher elicits responses on methods of fertilizer application.
Brief discussion of the methods highlighted.
Q/A: Advantages and disadvantages of each method.

KLB BK II Pg 12-13

INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Fertilizer Rates.
Carbon cycle and Nitrogen cycle.
Soil Sampling.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine % of nutrient(s) of a fertilizer.
To calculate fertilizer ratio.
To find the amount of fertilizer required per unit area (hectare).
To explain ways in which carbon / nitrogen is removed / returned to the atmosphere.
To define soil sampling.
To state methods of sampling soil.
To describe soil sampling procedures.

Problem solving and explanations.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Assignment method / Group discussion.
Expositions &
Detailed discussion.

chart
Charts: Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle.
Charts: Transverse and ziz-zag soil sampling methods.

KLB BK II Pg 14-15

INORGANIC FERTILIZERS

Soil Testing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define soil testing.
To explain importance of soil testing.
To test soil pH.
To explain effect of soil pH on crops.

Q/A: Definition and importance of soil testing.
Q/A: Definition of pH in terms of acidity / alkalinity.
Class standard experiments: Determining soil pH.
Discussion: Optimum pH range for crops.

Litmus paper, indicators, pH colour chart.

KLB BK II Pg 22-24

CROP PRODUCTION II (PLANTING)

Seeds.
Vegetative materials.
Vegetative planting materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state advantages and disadvantages of using seeds as planting materials.
To state advantages and disadvantages of using vegetative materials over seeds.
To identify plant parts used for vegetative propagation.

Teacher broadly classifies planting materials as either seeds or vegetative materials.
Q/A: Advantages and disadvantages of using seeds compared to vegetative materials.
Q/A: Advantages of vegetative materials over seeds.
Present various parts of vegetative planting materials i.e. bulbils of sisal/ splits of grass/ pyrethrum, banana/ sisal suckers, Irish potato tubers, potato vines, and sugarcane setts.

student book
vegetative materials & seeds
Bulbils of sisal/ splits of grass/ pyrethrum, banana/ sisal suckers, Irish potato tubers, potato vines, and sugarcane setts.

KLB BK II Pg 27-28

CROP PRODUCTION II (PLANTING)

Selection of planting materials.
Preparation of planting materials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain factors to consider when selecting planting materials.
To explain some methods used to prepare planting materials.

Detailed discussion with explanations of new concepts.
Detailed discussion on breaking seed dormancy, chemical treatment, seed dressing and seed inoculation, chitting / sprouting.

vegetative materials & seeds

KLB BK II Pg 34

CROP PRODUCTION II (PLANTING)

Time of planting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain factors to consider in timing planting.
To identify advantages of timely planting.

Q/A and brief discussion.

KLB BK II Pg 38

CROP PRODUCTION II (PLANTING)

Broadcasting method of planting. Row planting.
Over-sowing and under-sowing.
Spacing of crops.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify advantages and disadvantages of broadcasting method.
To state advantages and disadvantages of row planting.
To distinguish over-sowing form under-sowing.
To explain the importance of correct spacing of crops.
To explain factors that influence crop spacing.

Brief discussion.
Give examples of crops planted by broadcasting.
Q/A: Advantages and disadvantages of row planting.
Give examples of such crops.
Q/A and discussion.
Importance and factors.

video
Chart: Average inter-row and intrarow spacing of common crops.

KLB BK II Pg 39-40

CROP PRODUCTION II (PLANTING)

Plant population.
Seed rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine plant population in a given size of land.
To define optimal seed rate of a given crop.
To explain factors to consider in choosing seed rates.

Q/A: Inter-conversion of metric units.
Worked examples.
Explanations and detailed discussion.

student book

KLB BK II Pg 42-43

CROP PRODUCTION II (PLANTING)

Depth of planting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain determinants of correct depth of planting.

Q/A & Detailed discussion.
Field activity: planting crops to the correct spacing.
Supervised field activities.

school farm

KLB BK II Pg 43-44