REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Formation of ova.
Fertilisation process.
Implantation.
The placenta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label the human spermatozoon.
To describe the process of formation of ova.
To explain the fertilisation process.
To define implantation.
To define ectopic pregnancy.
To describe the formation of the placenta and the structure of the placenta.

Drawing and labelling.
Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Adaptations of male gamete to its function.
Discussion
Drawing diagrams.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Discussion.
Exposition and discussion.

text book
chart
text book
Chart- The placenta.

KLB BK III. PP.
112-113 CERTIFICATE PG 151
KLB BK III. P. 114 CERTIFICATE PG 153

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Role of the placenta. Placental exchanges.
Pregnancy and hormones.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain the role of the placenta.
To identify substances allowed / not allowed to pass through the placenta
To identify functions of human oestrogen and progestrone during pregnancy.

Exposition and discussion. Drawing diagrams showing placental exchanges.
Detailed discussion.
Tabulate functional differences.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 116 CERTIFICATE PG 159

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Abortion, miscarriage, birth.
Lactation and parental care.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe processes of abortion, miscarriage and birth.
To explain the role of oxytocin in milk let down.
To draw and label mammary glands.

Q/A: To elicit students responses on related issues.
Discussion
Drawing and labelling mammary glands.

text book
Wall- charts mammary glands.

KLB BK III. PP.
117-119 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Secondary sexual characteristics.
The menstrual cycle.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state secondary sexual characteristics in males and females.
To explain the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle.

Detailed discussion.

text book
Chart- Phases of human menstrual cycle.

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

28-day menstrual cycle.
Menopause, infertility and emerging issues.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To represent hormonal levels on a 28-day chart.
To describe hormonal changes at menopause.
To discuss emerging issues related to infertility and menopause.

Open discussion.
Interpreting illustrative charts.

chart
text book

KLB BK III. PP.
122-123 CERTIFICATE PG 152
KLB BK III. P. 123 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS.
The concepts of growth and development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the symptoms of STIs.
To explain the mode of transmission of STIs / AIDS and discuss methods of control.
To differentiate between HIV and AIDS.
To distinguish growth from development.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Distinction and relationship between HIV and AIDS.
Q/A: Aspects that occur during growth.
Detailed discussion of growth and development.

Chart- STIs causal agents, symptoms, prevention and control measures.
text book

PP.
123-125 CERTIFICATE PG 169

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Measurement of growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify aspects that indicate growth of an organism.
Sketch a growth curve.

Discuss growth aspects-height, weight and volume.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 134 CERTIFICATE PG 178

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Growth phases.
Intermittent growth curve.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lag and decelerating phases of growth.
Explain growth curve showing intermittent growth.

Students will have collected data, e.g. height of shoots of different ages.
Teacher assists students to draw growth curves.
Discussion- phases of growth.
Q/A: life cycles of insects.
Exposition and detailed discussion.

Shoots of known ages.
chart

KLB BK III. P. 135 CERTIFICATE PG 179

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Structure of the seed.
Longitudinal sections of monocots and dicots.
Dormancy in seeds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a typical seed.
To state the functions of the parts of a seed.
To identify structural differences between monocots and dicots.
To define seed dormancy.
To explain factors that cause dormancy and ways of breaking dormancy.

Students examine external structure of bean seeds and maize seeds.
Teacher assists them to identify the parts of the seeds.
Drawing and labeling the seeds.
Obtain longitudinal section of the seeds.
Identify structural differences of the specimens.
Carry out iodine tests.
Explain the observations.
Detailed discussion.

Specimens of maize and bean seeds.
Hand lens
Maize and bean seeds.
Iodine
Scalpels.
video

KLB BK III. P. 136 CERTIFICATE PG 182
KLB BK III. P. 137 CERTIFICATE PG 188

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Seed germination.
Epigeal germination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of seed germination.
To investigate conditions necessary for germination.
To explain conditions necessary for germination.
To differentiate between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
To describe epigeal germination.

Observe previously prepared specimens.
Discuss the observations.
Observe previously prepared specimens of germinating bean seed/ castor seed.
Drawing comparative diagrams.

Seeds
Cotton wool
Flat bottomed flasks
Corks
T-tubes
Thermometers
pyrogallic acid
NaOH solution.
Specimens of germinating bean/castor seed at different phases of germination.

KLB BK III.
P 140. CERTIFICATE PG 184

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Hypogeal germination.
Primary growth of a seedling.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe hypogeal germination.
To describe primary growth of a seedling.

Observe previously prepared specimens of germinating bean seed/ castor seed.
Drawing diagrams.
Brief discussion.

Specimens of germinating maize seed at different phases of germination.

KLB BK III. P. 141 CERTIFICATE PG 184

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Region of growth in a root.
Apical meristems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine the region of growth in a root.
To draw and label longitudinal and transverse sections of apical meristems.

Group experiments- Observe previously prepared specimens to determine regions of growth.
Discuss observations made.
Draw relevant diagrams.
Drawing and labelling transverse sections of apical meristems.

Germinating bean seeds
Cork pin
Beaker
Indian ink
Blotting paper
Ruler.
Charts- Apical meristems.

KLB BK III. P. 144 CERTIFICATE PG 186

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.

Secondary growth.
Growth hormones.
Apical dominance.
Growth and development in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe secondary growth of plants.
To explain role of hormones in growth of plants.
To explain the role of auxins in apical dominance.
To differentiate between complete and incomplete metamorphosis.

Detailed discussion.
Discuss the role of IAA, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid e.t.c, in plant growth.
Probing questions leading to definition and explanation of apical dominance.
Q/A: Features of complete and incomplete metamorphosis of insects.

text book
Shoot with lateral growth.
chart

KLB BK III. PP. 145-146 CERTIFICATE PG 187
KLB BK III. PP. 147-148.

GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT.
GENETICS

Role of hormones in insect growth.
The concept of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify hormones that promotes insect growth.
Define Genetics.
Define variation.

Exposition and explanations.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions on some variations in human beings.
Observe some variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, finger prints, students? heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of variation.

text book
Ink pad, hand lenses, white paper.

KLB BK III. PP. 148-149. CERTIFICATE PG 199

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.

text book

KLB BK IV.
P 3.

GENETICS

Discontinuous variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define discontinuous variation.

Observe some discontinuous variations in human beings such as tongue rolling, sex, blood groups, etc.
Discussion on the concept of discontinuous variation.

text book

KLB BK IV.
P 3.

GENETICS

Continuous variation.
Causes of variation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define continuous variation.
Give examples of characteristics that show continuous variation.





Discuss causes of variation.

Class activity ; students measure and record their heights;
Plotting of frequency-height graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing questions.

Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion with probing questions.

Metre rules/ tape measure,
Graph papers
text book

KLB BK IV.
PP 3-4

KLB BK IV.
P 4

GENETICS

The chromosome.
Chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of chromosomes.
Describe chromosomal behaviour during mitosis.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Discussion.
Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

text book
Scissors,
Manilla papers, thread, cellotape.

KLB BK IV. PP 4-5.

GENETICS

Chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromosomal behaviour during meiosis.

Exposition;
Teacher demonstrations;
Drawing diagrams;
Detailed discussion.

Scissors,
Manilla papers, threads, cellotape.

KLB BK IV. PP 6-7

GENETICS

Genes and DNA.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of genes and DNA.
Identify the role of DNA.

Expository approach.

Chart- the double helix DNA.

KLB BK IV. PP 7-8

GENETICS

DNA replication.
First law of heredity.
Monohybrid inheritance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe DNA replication.
Explain the role of DNA in protein synthesis.
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.

Exposition;
Drawing mRNA strands.
Exposition with explanations.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 9-10
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14

GENETICS

Genetic crosses using a punnet square.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.

Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 14-15

GENETICS

Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.

Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.

Beans of two different colours, beakers.

KLB BK IV. PP 15-17

GENETICS

Incomplete dominance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.

chart

KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.

GENETICS

Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Determining unknown genotypes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
Discussion.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

chart
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 20-21
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23

GENETICS

Sex determination in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.

Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

KLB BK IV. PP 23-24

GENETICS

Sex-linked genes and traits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.

Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 24-27

GENETICS

Non-disjunction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.

Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 30-33

GENETICS

Gene mutation.
Disorders due to gene mutations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.

Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.

Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
chart

KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38

GENETICS

Applications of genetics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.

Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.

text book,video

KLB BK IV. PP 39-45