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Physics
Form 4 2025
TERM I
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
Waves II
Properties of waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State and explain the properties of waves experimentally
Sketch wave fronts to illustrate the reflections

Stating and explaining the properties of waves
Sketching wave fronts illustrate reflection

Rope/wire
Various reflections
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 67-69
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 198-203
2 2
Waves II
Diffraction, refraction and interference of waves
Constructive and distractive waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Sketch various wave fonts to illustrate their diffraction, refraction and interference
Explain constructive and destructive interference
Sketching various wave fonts
Experiments to illustrate refraction, diffraction and interference
Discussion on constructive and destructive interference
Experiments constructive and destructive interference
Water
Basin
Ripple
Tank
Ripple tank
Rope/wire
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 70-73
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 203-212 
2 3
Waves II
Stationary waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe experiments to illustrate stationary waves

Demonstration and explaining of stationery waves

Wires under tension
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 74
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 212-215 
2 4-5
Waves II
Electrostatics Ii
Vibrating air columns
Electric field patterns
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe and explain closed pipe and open pipe


Sketch electric field patterns around charged bodies

Describing vibrations in close and open pipes

Discussion on electric field patterns
Observing and plotting field patterns

Open and closed pipes

Charts on magnetic fields
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 74
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 29-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 218-220 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 76-77
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 222-225
P
3 1
Electrostatics Ii
Charge distribution on conductors
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe charge distribution on conductors:
Spherical and pear shaped conductors

Discussions on charge distribution on conductors
Experiment is demonstrated/illustrate charge distribution on conductors

Vande Graaf generator
Chart showing charge distribution on different conductors
Gold leaf electroscope
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 77-78
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 225-228 
3 2
Electrostatics Ii
Lighting arrestor
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Explain how lightning arrestor works

Discussions on the lighting arrestor
Explanations on the lighting arrestor

Improvised lighting arrestor
Photographs of lightning arrestor
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 79-80
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 229-230 
3 3
Electrostatics Ii
Capacitance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define capacitance and state its SI units
Describe the charging and discharging of a capacitor
State and explain the factors that affect the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor

Experiments on charging and discharging capacitor
Discussion on factors affecting capacitance
Defining capacitance

Complete circuits
capacitors
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 80-82
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 230-237
3 4-5
Electrostatics Ii
Electrostatics
Quantity Of Heat
Combinations of capacitors
Energy stored in a charged capacitor
Application of capacitors
Heat capacity Specific heat capacity Units of heat capacity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive the effective capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel
Describe the energy stored in a charged capacitor
State and explain the applications of capacitors

By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to
Define heat capacity and specific heat capacity and derive their SI units
Deriving effective capacitance of capacitors in series and parallel
Solving problems
Discussion in the effective capacitance
Describing the energy stored in a charged capacitor
Discussions on applications of capacitors
Stating and explaining applications of capacitors

Experiments on heat capacity and specific heat capacity
Discussion on heat capacity and specific h eat capacity
Defining heat capacity and heat specific heat capacity
Capacitors in series and parallel connections
Charts showing complete circuits
Capacitors
Dry cells
Charts on capacitors used
Charts on the use of

Source of heat
Water
Lagged can
Thermometer
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 80-82
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 34-39
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 237-241 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 93-96
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 42-46
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 246-260-271 
4 1
Quantity Of Heat
Change of state
Boiling and melting
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to define and explain latent heat of fusion, specific latent heat of fusion
Define and explain latent heat of vaporization, specific latent heat of vaporization
State the SI units of latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization
Distinguish between boiling and melting
State the factors affecting melting points and boiling points of a substance
Describe the working of a pressure cooker and a refrigerator
Experiments on latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization
Discussion on latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization
Distinguishing between boiling and melting points
Stating factors affecting boiling and melting points
Experiments to illustrate boiling and melting point
File
Water
Thermometer
Weighing balance
Source of heat
Pressure cooker
Refrigerator
Charts on melting and boiling points
Ice
Heat
Sufuria
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 96-97
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 42-46
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 246-271-281 
4 2
The Gas Laws
Pressure law
Charles?s law
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and verify the gas laws for an ideal gas experimentally
State and verify Charles?s law experimentally
Experiments to verify pressure law
Demonstrations on pressure law
Discussion on pressure law
Experiments to verify Charles?s law
Discussion on Charles?s law
Water
Thermometer
Measuring cylinder
Syringe
Narrow glass tube
Thermometer
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 103-104
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 47-50
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 299-302
4 3
The Gas Laws
Boyle?s law
The kinetic theory of gases
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State and verify Boyle?s law experimentally
Convert Celsius scales to Kelvin scale of temperature and state basic assumptions of kinetic theory of gases
Experiments verifying and explain Boyle?s law
Discussion on Boyle?s law
Discussion on basic assumptions of kinetic theory of gases
Conversion of Celsius to Kelvin scales
Water
Thermometer
Syringe
Measuring cylinder
Narrow glass tube
Graph paper
Clinical thermometer
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 106-107
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 47-50
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 290-294
4 4-5
The Gas Law?s
Lenses
The kinetic theory of gases
Conveying and diverging lenses
Parts of fair lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain law absolute zero temperature may be obtained from pressure and temp. graphs
By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to
Describe converging lenses
Describe diverging lenses


Describe the principal focus using ray diagram
Describe the optical center using ray diagram
Describe the focal length of thin lenses using ray diagram
Discussions on the absolute zero temperature from pressure using kinetic theory of gases
Using light beams to distinguish between diverging and converging lenses

Description of principal focus, optical centre and focal length of a thin lens
Graph paper
Clinical thermometer
Working out sums
Diverging lenses
Converging lenses
Source of light beam
screen

Chart showing the parts of thin lens
Graph paper
Diverging lens
Converging lens
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 3 pages 108-110
Comprehensive secondary physics teachers book 3 pages 47-50
Secondary physics KLB students book 3 page 303 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 1-3
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 6-7 
5 1
Lenses
Focal length
Images in fair lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine experimentally the focal length of a converging lens
Determine the focal length of a converging lens using estimation method
Construct the principal rays for converging lens
Construct the principal rays for diverging lenses
Experiment to determine the focal length of a fair lens
Constructing the principal rays for diverging lenses
Constructing the principal rays for converging lenses
Converging lenses
Screen
Pins
candle
Diverging lenses
Graph papers
Ruler
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 2-3
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 17-20 
5 2
Lenses
Images in converging lenses
Images in diverging lenses
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Locate imaged formed by converging lenses using ray construction method
Describe the images formed in converging lenses
Locate imaged formed by diverging lenses using ray construction method
Describe the images formed in diverging lenses
Describing the characteristics of images formed in converging lenses
Describe the characteristics of the formed in diverging lenses
Graph paper
Geometrical set
Converging lenses
screen
Diverging lenses
Screen
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 5-6
teachers book 3 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 7-10 
5 3
Lenses
The microscope
The telescope
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the working of a simple microscope
Explain the working of a compound microscope
Describe the structure of a telescope
Describe the working of a telescope
Drawing and labeling the parts of a microscope
Describing the work of a microscope
Drawing and labeling the parts of a telescope
Describing how a telescope works
Simple microscope
Compound microscope
Magnifying lens
Telescope
Lenses
Manilla paper
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 10-11
teachers book 4 pages 1-5 
5 4-5
Lenses
The camera
Image formation in the human eye
Working of the human eye
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the parts of a camera
Explain the working of a camera
Explain the use of lenses in a camera
Describe the parts of a human eye
Explain the function of each part of the human eye


Explain the image formation in the human eye
Describing the parts of a camera
Explaining the use of lenses in a camera
Describing the parts of the human eye
Explaining the function of each part of the human eye

Explaining the image formation in the eye
Camera
Charts showing the parts of a camera
Chart showing the parts of human eye
Model of the human eye

Chart showing the image formation in the human eye
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 11-12
teachers book 4 pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 33 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 13-14
teachers book 34pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 29-31
6 1
Lenses
Uniform Circular Motion
Defects of vision
Circular motion
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the defects of the human eye
Explain the corrections of human eye defects
Define circular motion
Describing the defects of the human eye
Explaining the eye defects are corrected
Observing and running a hoop
Rotate a stone tied to the end of a rope
Charts showing eye defects and how they are corrected
Hoop
String/rope
store
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 13-14
teachers book 34pages 1-5
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 31-32
6 2
Uniform Circular Motion
Radiant, angular displacement and angular velocity
Centripetal force
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the radiant measure
Define the angular displacement and velocity
Explain the angular displacement and velocity
Describe simple experiment on centripetal force
Illustrate centripetal force
Determine the magnitude of centripetal force experimentally
Discussions
Experiment
Experiments
observations
Illustration of angular displacement and angular velocity on a chart
Pendulum
String
Stone
Round table
Ball/bob
Stop clock
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 18-20
teachers book 34pages 10-12
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 37-42
Golden tips Physics pages 34-35
6 3
Uniform Circular Motion
Floating And Sinking
Application of uniform circular motion
Archimedes? principle
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain centrifuge
Explain vertical and horizontal circles
Explain banked tracks
State Archimedes? principle
Verify Archimedes principle
Use of Archimedes principle to solve problems
Discussions
Explanations
Experiments
Calculations based on Archimedes Principle
String
Stone
Ruler
Water
Measuring cylinder
Weighing balance
Overflow can
Objects denser than water
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 22-25
teachers book 34pages 10-12
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 47-53 
6 4-5
Floating And Sinking
Floating And Sinking
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The laws of floatation Relative density
Applications of floating and sinking
The electromagnetic spectrum
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State the law of floatation
Define relative density
Describe the applications of Archimedes Principle
Describe the applications of relative density (hydrometer)
Describe a complete electromagnetic spectrum

Discussions
Measuring
Discussions
experiments
Discussions on the charge in wave length of electromagnetic radiations
explanations

Density bottle
Overflow can
Spring balance
measuring cylinder
charts depicting the uses of Archimedes principle and the law of floatation
A hydrometer
charts showing the components of the electromagnetic spectrum
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 29-33
teachers book 34pages 14-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 64-70 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 33-35
teachers book 34pages 14-17
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 75-77 
7 1
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The properties of electromagnetic waves
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State the properties of electromagnetic waves

Explaining the properties of each component of the electromagnetic spectrum

Charts showing the properties of electromagnetic waves
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 37-38
teachers book 34pages 18-20
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 80-81 
7 2
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Detection of electromagnetic radiations
Applications of electromagnetic radiations
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the methods of detective electromagnetic radiations
Describe the applications of electromagnetic radiations including green house effect
Demonstrating and explaining how to detect electromagnetic radiations
Discussions of application of electromagnetic radiations
Radiation detectors
Charts showing detectors of electromagnetic radiation
Pictures and chart on application of electromagnetic radiations
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 38-39
teachers book 34pages 18-20
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 81
Golden tips Physics pages
175-176
7 3
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Problems on C=FX
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Solve numerical problems involving C=fx

Problem solving
Discussions
Explanations
Questions and answers

Questions and answers
exercises
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 45
teachers book 34pages 20-21
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 80
7-8

MID-TERM EXAMS AND MID-TERM BREAK

9 1
Electromagnetic Induction
Induced e.m.f
Faraday?s law and Lenz?s law
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Perform and describe simple experiments to illustrate electromagnetic induction
State the factors affecting the magnitude of an induced e.m.f
State the factors affecting the direction induced by e.m.f
State Faraday?s law
State Lenz?s law
Illustrate Faraday law and Lens?s law
Experiments
discussions
Experiments to illustrate Faraday?s law and Lenz?s law
magnets
complete
electric circuit
Solenoid
Source of current
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 46-48
teachers book 34pages 21-25
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 86-91 
9 2
Electromagnetic Induction
Fleming?s right hand rule
Generators
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State Fleming?s right hand rule
Apply Fleming?s right hand rule
Explain the working of an a.c generator
Explain the working of a d.c generator
Explanation of the motor rule
Discussion of the application of electromagnetic induction
Drawing the arrangement for a.c and a d.c generators
Demonstration of motor principle
Magnets
Wire
Source of current
Coil
Pins
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 49-50
teachers book 34pages 21-25
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 93-97 
9 3
Electromagnetic Induction
Eddy currents
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain eddy currents
Demonstrate the effects of eddy currents

Discussions
Experiments
Explanations

Pendulum
Copper wire
Magnets
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 53-54
teachers book 4 pages 24
9 4-5
Electromagnetic Induction
Mutual inductance
Transformers
Applications of electromagnetic induction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe simple experiments to illustrate mutual inductance
Explain the working of a transformer


Explain the application of electromagnetic induction
Solve problems on transformers
Discussions
Experiments
Explanations

Discussions
Explanations
Questions and answers
Iron care with primary and secondary coil
Transformer
Magnets
Wires
Metallic rods

Induction coil
Moving coil/loud speaker
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 54-55
teachers book 34pages 21-25
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 pages 97-101
Golden tips Physics pages 158
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 54-59
teachers book 34pages 21-25
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 107-112 
10 1
Electromagnetic Induction
Main Electricity
Eddy currents
Source of main electricity
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain eddy currents
Demonstrate the effects of eddy currents
State sources of main electricity
Explain the sources of main electricity
Discussions
Experiments
Explanations
Educational trips
Pendulum
Copper wire
Magnets
Pictures and charts showing sources of main electricity
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 53-54
teachers book 34pages 24
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 pages,104 
10 2
Main Electricity
Power transmission
Power consumption
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to
Describe the transmission of electric power from the generating station
Explain the domestic wiring system
Define kilowatt hour
Determine the electrical energy consumption and cost
Discussions
Questions and answers
calculations
Photos of power transmission
Lines and power substations
Chats on power consumptions
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 62
teachers book 3 pages 27-29
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 117-122 
10 3
Mains Electricity
Domestic wiring
Domestic electrical appliances
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the domestic wiring system
Describe the domestic wiring system
Explain the function of fuse in domestic wiring
Explain the function of a two-way switch in domestic wiring
Discussions
Demonstrations on building wiring
Drawing circuits
Discussions
demonstration
Fuses
Wires
Switches
Electrical appliances
domestic electrical appliances
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 66-69
teachers book 4 pages 27-29
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 125-121-122 
10 4-5
Cathode Rays
Production of cathode rays
The cathode rays Oscilloscope
The cathode rays of Oscilloscope
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Describe the production of cathode rays
State and explain the properties of cathode rays
Explain the functioning of the cathode ray oscilloscope
Explain the functioning of a T.V tube
Explain the uses of a C.R.O

Describing the production of cathode rays
Stating the properties of cathode rays
Discussions of parts and functions of C.R.O
Describing the working of a T.V tube

Chart on the properties of cathode rays
Chart of parts and functions of C.R.O
T.V tube
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 72-73
teachers book 4 pages 30-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 131-133 
Comprehensive secondary physics students book 4 pages 73-75
teachers book 4 pages 30-32
Secondary physics KLB students book 4 page 133-134 
11-12

END OF TERM EXAMS AND CLOSING


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