THE LEDGER.

Meaning and purpose of a ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Identify features of a ledger.
Explain the purpose of a ledger.

Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.

A ledger book.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 117

THE LEDGER.

Rules of recording transactions in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a ledger A/Cs.

Exposition and summary in tabular form

A ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III 118-120

THE LEDGER.

The concept of double entry.
Recording business transactions in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Apply the rule of double entry.
Record accounting transactions in ledger A/Cs.

Further worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.

text book
Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 120

THE LEDGER.

Purchase of goods and purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Purchase returns.
Sale returns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Post entries of purchase returns to ledger account.
Record sales returns in ledger account.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 127-9

THE LEDGER.

Expenses in ledger account.
Revenues in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record expenses in ledger account.
Record revenues in the ledger account.

Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 130-1

THE LEDGER.

Drawings in ledger accounts.
Balancing ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record drawings in a ledger account.
Balance ledger accounts.

Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 132

THE LEDGER.

Balancing an account with only one entry.
Uses of ledger accounts.
Trial balance. Purpose of a trial balance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Balance an account with only one entry.
Outline uses of ledgers.
Identify features of a trial balance.
Explain the purpose of a trial balance.

Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Worked examples.
Probing questions;
Guided discussion.
Q/A: review meaning of a trial balance;
Guided discussion.

The Ledger.
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 134-6

THE LEDGER.

Limitations of a trial balance.
Classification of ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline limitations of a trial balance with reference to ?hidden? errors.
Outline errors that may cause a trial balance not to balance.
Distinguish personal from impersonal accounts.
Outline types of ledgers.

Exposition of new concepts;
Guided discussion.
Probing questions;
Discussion.

chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 138-9

THE LEDGER.

The general ledger.
Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of the general ledger.
Answer review questions correctly.

Oral questions;
Guided discussion.
Answer questions from revision exercise.

Chart ?classes of accounts and appropriate ledgers.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 141

THE CASH BOOK

Types of cash books. Single- column cash book.
The two- column cash book.
Ledger accounts from three-column cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
List types of cashbooks.
Identify features of a single-column cash book.
Post entries in a single-column cash book.
Balance off the two- column cash book.
Post transactions from three-column cash book to ledger accounts.

Worked examples.
Written assignment.
Supervised exercise.
Probing questions;
Illustrated examples;
Guided discussion.

Single-column cash book.
Two-column cash book.
3-column cash book, the ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 151-2

THE CASH BOOK
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

The three-column cash book.
Source documents Introduction. Cash receipt.
Invoice.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a three-column cash book.
Balance off the three- column cash book.
Define a source document.
Give examples of source documents.
Describe features of a cash / cheque receipt.
Outline details of an invoice.

Worked examples illustrating transactions in a 3- column cash book.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.
Exposition of new terms;
Brain storming;
Brief discussion.
Examine an invoice.
Probing questions on details of an invoice;
Discussion.

3-column cash book.
Cash receipts
Invoices.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 156-9

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Debit note and credit note.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Books of original entry. Sales journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a debit note and a credit note.
Explain purposes of credit notes and credit note.
Identify entry features of a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Highlight features of a sales journal.
Prepare a sales journal given credit sales.

Examine a debit note and a credit note.
Brief discussion on features of the notes.
Examine a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Discussion.
Brief discussion;
Illustrated example.

Debit note and credit note.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Sales journal.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 5-6

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Posting from sales journal to sales ledger and general ledger.
Sales returns journal.
Posting entries to the general ledger and sales ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Transfer entries from a sales journal to a sales ledger and general ledger.
Explain purpose of a sales returns journal.
Prepare a sales return journal.
Post entries from sales return journal to the general ledger and the sales ledger.

Discussion on illustrated examples.
Examine a sales return journal.
Discussion on its features Illustrated example: preparing a sales journal given a number of transactions.
Illustrated example;
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.

Sales ledger.
Sales returns journal sample page.
Sales return journal sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg 10-12

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Purchases journal.
Purchases return journal.
Cash receipt journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a purchases journal given some transactions.
Post entries from the journal to the purchases return ledger.
Identify features of a cash receipt journal.
Post entries from the journal to the general ledger, cash book and debtors ledger.

Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.
Supervised practice.

Purchases journal sample page.
Purchases return journal sample page.
Cash receipt journal.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 15-17

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Cash payment journal.
The petty cash book with imprest system.
Analysis cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a cash payment journal.
Post cash payment journal entries to ledger accounts correctly.
Make entries in a petty cash book.
Post entries from the book to ledger accounts.
Record transactions in an analysis cash book.

Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example;
Written exercise.
Illustrated examples;
Group assignments.
Worked examples;
Discussion;

Illustrated cash payment ledger.
Illustrated petty cash book.
Cash analysis sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 22-23

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

General journal.
Transactions passed through the general journal.
Importance of journals.
Introduction. Trading Period.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a general journal.
Identify transactions that are passed through the general journal.
State reasons for maintaining journals.
Give examples of financial statements.
Explain the concept of a trading period of a business.

Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Exposition of new concepts;
Detailed discussion.
Probing questions;
Brief discussion;
Topic review & summary;
Review of written exercises.
Brainstorming, Q/A & Explanations.

General journal sample page.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. 36-37

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Gross Profit or Loss.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the gross profit or loss of a business.

Go through worked examples using various approaches.
Supervised practice;
Group assignments.

charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 55-57

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Trading Account.
Net Profit or Loss.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term trading account.
Illustrate trading accounts with worked examples.
Define the terms net profit net loss.
Determine net profit or loss.

Q/A to review the process of obtaining gross profit or loss.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
Brief discussion on distinction between gross and net profit / loss;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 57-60

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit or loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts.

Detailed discussion;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 62-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit and loss account from a trial balance.
The Balance Sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts from a trial balance.
Prepare a balance sheet after making adjustments on capital for specific items.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
Exposition of adjustments made on capital for net profit, drawings and additional capital.
Worked examples and Exercises.

magazines,charts
charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV.  pg 62-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Balance Sheet from a trial balance.
Types of Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet from a trial balance.
Outline types of capital.

Q/A to review a trial balance;
Worked examples.
Probing questions;
Teacher?s explanations.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Types of capital in a balance sheet.
Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.
- Margin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate types of capital with balance sheet.
Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.
Define the term margin.
Explain why margin is important in a business.
Determine business margin.

Illustrative examples.
Written exercise.
Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.
Exposition of new concept;
Worked examples;

text book
chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 69-70

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.
Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
Rate of stock turnover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.
Define the terms turn over and rate of stock turn over.
Calculate the rate of stock turn over.

Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.
Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.
Exposition, Worked examples & numericals
Discussion: implications of rate of stock turnover on a business.

text book
text book,chart
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock turn-over and trading account.
Return on Capital.
Acid test or quick ratio.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.
Define the term return on capital.
Calculate return on capital.
Explain implications of return on capital on a business.
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.
Brief discussion;
simple problem solving;
Assignment.
Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.

text book
chart, text book
Business Magazines.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78