DEMAND.

Definition of demand. Factors influencing demand.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define demand and effective demand.

State factors that influence demand of a commodity.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor
KLB BOOK III
Pg 1

DEMAND.

Factors influencing demand.
Demand schedule for an individual or entire market.
Demand curves.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that influence demand of a commodity.
Prepare and interpret a demand schedule for an individual or entire market.
Illustrate law of demand graphically.

Explanations;
Discussion.
Interpreting a demand schedule;
Brief discussion.
Guided plotting of demand curves.

text book
Graph papers.

New Inventor KLB BOOK IIIPg 2-5

DEMAND.
PRODUCT MARKETS

Movement along, and shift in demand curves.
Introduction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain movement along the demand curve.
Illustrate an increase / decrease in demand graphically.
Define the term market and marketing.
Identify elements that dictate the type of market.

Q/A: review law of demand.
Curve sketching & explanations.
Oral questions;
Probing questions;
Guided discussion.

Chart- increasing and decreasing -supply.
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 8-9

PRODUCT MARKETS

Perfect competition market.
Monopoly.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of a perfect market.
Identify features of a monopoly market.

Exposition of new ideas; Detailed discussion.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 41-42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopoly power.
Monopolistic competition.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline ways of acquiring a monopoly power.
Outline features of a monopolistic competition.
Describe price & output determination under monopolistic competition.

Exposition of new ideas; Detailed discussion.
Exposition, discussion and sketching illustrative graphs.

text book
chat,text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 43-45

PRODUCT MARKETS

Oligopoly.
The kinked demand curve.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of an oligopolistic market.
Interpret the kinked demand curve.

Exposition;
Probing questions;
Discussion.
Curve sketching;

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 46-47

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Basic terms used in business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Define basic terms used in business.
State characteristics of assets / liabilities.

Brief discussion on the terms debtor, creditor, asset, liability and capital.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 92-95

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Book-keeping Equation.
Balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sources of assets.
Derive and explain the bookkeeping equation.
Define the term balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.

Use a concrete example to arrive at the book-keeping equation.
Apply the book-keeping equation.
Supervised practice.
Guided preparation of a balance sheet.
Assignment.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 95-97

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Importance of a balance sheet.
Book-keeping equation and balance sheet.
Net worth of a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain importance of a balance sheet.
Relate book-keeping equation with balance sheet
Determine a business net worth using book-keeping equation and a balance sheet.

Probing questions;
Discussion.
Guided discovery;
Discussion.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 99

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Topic review.
Types of business transactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Answer questions correctly.
Give examples of business transactions.
Define the term deferred payment.
Give examples of credit transactions.

Answer numerical questions.
Exercise review.
Probing questions;
Oral questions;
Brief guided discussion.

chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 100-102

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Effects of transactions on the balance sheet.
Changes in capital: Drawing.
Additional investments.
Profit & losses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the effects of transactions on the balance sheet.
Explain how drawings affect capital.
Explain how additional investments affect capital.
Determine the solvency of a business.

Worked examples;
Supervised exercise;
Guided discovery.
Worked examples
Supervised practice.
Exercise.
Work through an example.
Q/A : review meaning of terms profit and loss.
Work through examples.

chart
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 103-108

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
THE LEDGER.

Initial and final capital of a business.
Meaning and purpose of a ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the capital at the end of a given period.
Identify features of a ledger.
Explain the purpose of a ledger.

Work through examples;
Group activities;
Guided discussion.
Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.

text book
A ledger book.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 111

THE LEDGER.

Rules of recording transactions in ledger accounts.
The concept of double entry.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a ledger A/Cs.
Apply the rule of double entry.

Exposition and summary in tabular form
Further worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Assignment.

A ledger.
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III 118-120

THE LEDGER.

Recording business transactions in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record accounting transactions in ledger A/Cs.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.

Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 120-5

THE LEDGER.

Purchase of goods and purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Purchase returns.
Sale returns.
Expenses in ledger account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Post entries of purchase returns to ledger account.
Record sales returns in ledger account.
Record expenses in ledger account.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Practical activity;

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 127-9

THE LEDGER.

Revenues in ledger accounts.
Drawings in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record revenues in the ledger account.
Record drawings in a ledger account.

Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Practical activity;

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 131

THE LEDGER.

Balancing ledger accounts.
Balancing an account with only one entry.
Uses of ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Balance ledger accounts.
Balance an account with only one entry.
Outline uses of ledgers.

Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
Worked examples.
Probing questions;
Guided discussion.

The Ledger.
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 133-4

THE LEDGER.

Trial balance. Purpose of a trial balance.
Limitations of a trial balance.
Classification of ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of a trial balance.
Explain the purpose of a trial balance.
Outline limitations of a trial balance with reference to ?hidden? errors.
Outline errors that may cause a trial balance not to balance.
Distinguish personal from impersonal accounts.
Outline types of ledgers.

Q/A: review meaning of a trial balance;
Guided discussion.
Exposition of new concepts;
Guided discussion.
Probing questions;
Discussion.

chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 137-8

THE LEDGER.

The general ledger.
Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of the general ledger.
Answer review questions correctly.

Oral questions;
Guided discussion.
Answer questions from revision exercise.

Chart ?classes of accounts and appropriate ledgers.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 141

THE CASH BOOK

Types of cash books. Single- column cash book.
The two- column cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
List types of cashbooks.
Identify features of a single-column cash book.
Post entries in a single-column cash book.
Balance off the two- column cash book.

Worked examples.
Written assignment.
Supervised exercise.

Single-column cash book.
Two-column cash book.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 151-2

THE CASH BOOK
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Ledger accounts from three-column cash book.
The three-column cash book.
Source documents Introduction. Cash receipt.
Invoice.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Post transactions from three-column cash book to ledger accounts.
Record transactions in a three-column cash book.
Balance off the three- column cash book.
Define a source document.
Give examples of source documents.
Describe features of a cash / cheque receipt.
Outline details of an invoice.

Probing questions;
Illustrated examples;
Guided discussion.
Worked examples illustrating transactions in a 3- column cash book.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.
Exposition of new terms;
Brain storming;
Brief discussion.
Examine an invoice.
Probing questions on details of an invoice;
Discussion.

3-column cash book, the ledger.
3-column cash book.
Cash receipts
Invoices.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 160-2

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Debit note and credit note.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Books of original entry. Sales journal.
Posting from sales journal to sales ledger and general ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a debit note and a credit note.
Explain purposes of credit notes and credit note.
Identify entry features of a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Highlight features of a sales journal.
Prepare a sales journal given credit sales.
Transfer entries from a sales journal to a sales ledger and general ledger.

Examine a debit note and a credit note.
Brief discussion on features of the notes.
Examine a payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Discussion.
Brief discussion;
Illustrated example.
Discussion on illustrated examples.

Debit note and credit note.
Payment voucher & petty cash voucher.
Sales journal.
Sales ledger.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 5-6

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Sales returns journal.
Posting entries to the general ledger and sales ledger.
Purchases journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain purpose of a sales returns journal.
Prepare a sales return journal.
Post entries from sales return journal to the general ledger and the sales ledger.
Prepare a purchases journal given some transactions.

Examine a sales return journal.
Discussion on its features Illustrated example: preparing a sales journal given a number of transactions.
Illustrated example;
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.
Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.

Sales returns journal sample page.
Sales return journal sample page.
Purchases journal sample page.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 13-14

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Purchases return journal.
Cash receipt journal.
Cash payment journal.
The petty cash book with imprest system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a purchases journal given some transactions.
Post entries from the journal to the purchases return ledger.
Identify features of a cash receipt journal.
Post entries from the journal to the general ledger, cash book and debtors ledger.
Prepare a cash payment journal.
Post cash payment journal entries to ledger accounts correctly.
Make entries in a petty cash book.
Post entries from the book to ledger accounts.

Exposition of new concepts;
Illustrated example on preparing a purchases journal given a number of transactions.
Supervised practice.
Illustrated example;
Written exercise.
Illustrated examples;
Group assignments.

Purchases return journal sample page.
Cash receipt journal.
Illustrated cash payment ledger.
Illustrated petty cash book.

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 17-19

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY

Analysis cash book.
General journal.
Transactions passed through the general journal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in an analysis cash book.
Record transactions in a general journal.
Identify transactions that are passed through the general journal.

Exposition of new concepts;
Worked examples;
Discussion;
Written exercise.
Supervised practice.
Detailed discussion.

Cash analysis sample page.
General journal sample page.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. PG. 32-36

SOURCE DOCUMENTS & BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTRY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Importance of journals.
Introduction. Trading Period.
Gross Profit or Loss.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State reasons for maintaining journals.
Give examples of financial statements.
Explain the concept of a trading period of a business.
Determine the gross profit or loss of a business.

Probing questions;
Brief discussion;
Topic review & summary;
Review of written exercises.
Brainstorming, Q/A & Explanations.
Go through worked examples using various approaches.
Supervised practice;
Group assignments.

text book
charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 41-53

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Trading Account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term trading account.

Illustrate trading accounts with worked examples.

Q/A to review the process of obtaining gross profit or loss.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 57-60

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Net Profit or Loss.
Profit or loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms net profit net loss.
Determine net profit or loss.
Prepare profit or loss accounts.

Brief discussion on distinction between gross and net profit / loss;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
Detailed discussion;
Written exercise.

chart
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 60-62

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit and loss account from a trial balance.
The Balance Sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts from a trial balance.
Prepare a balance sheet after making adjustments on capital for specific items.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
Exposition of adjustments made on capital for net profit, drawings and additional capital.
Worked examples and Exercises.

magazines,charts
charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV.  pg 62-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Balance Sheet from a trial balance.
Types of Capital.
Types of capital in a balance sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet from a trial balance.
Outline types of capital.
Illustrate types of capital with balance sheet.

Q/A to review a trial balance;
Worked examples.
Probing questions;
Teacher?s explanations.
Illustrative examples.
Written exercise.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.
- Margin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.
Define the term margin.
Explain why margin is important in a business.
Determine business margin.

Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.
Exposition of new concept;
Worked examples;
Written exercise.

chart,text book
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 70-71

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.
Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
Rate of stock turnover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.
Define the terms turn over and rate of stock turn over.
Calculate the rate of stock turn over.

Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.
Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.
Exposition, Worked examples & numericals
Discussion: implications of rate of stock turnover on a business.

text book
text book,chart
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock turn-over and trading account.
Return on Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.
Define the term return on capital.
Calculate return on capital.
Explain implications of return on capital on a business.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.
Brief discussion;
simple problem solving;
Assignment.

text book
chart, text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Acid test or quick ratio.
Balance of Payments. (Current A/C)
Balance of Payments. (Capital A/C)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.
Define the term balance of payments.
Analyse components of balance of payments.
(Current A/C).
Cite examples of transactions that affect the Capital A/C.

Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.
Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.
Q/A: review types of capital.

Business Magazines.
text book
newspaper

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Overall Balance of Payments.
The Official Settlement A/C.
Disequilibrium of Balance of payments. Correction of balance of payment disequilibrium.
Terms of sale in international trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the overall balance of payments.
Define the Official Settlement A/C.
Identify causes of Disequilibrium of Balance of payments.
Outline methods of correcting of balance of payment disequilibrium.
Identify common terms of sale in international trade.

Q/A: review current A/C and capital A/C.
Illustrative examples.
Assignment.
Guided brief discussion.
Exposition of new concepts & explanations;
Discussion.
Exposition & explanations;
Probing questions;

newspaper
text book

Pg. 170

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Documents used in international trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major documents used in international trade.

Give examples of relevant documents.
Give examples of relevant documents.

text book

Pg. 176-7

INTERNATIONAL TRADE
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

IMF, ADF and World bank.
Forms & importance of economic integration.
Trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State objectives of IMF, ADF and World bank..
Trace a background to the growth of specific
development funds.
Define economic integration.
Identify forms of economic integration.
Outline forms of economic integration.
Analyze importance of economic integration.
Enumerate advantages and disadvantages of free trade.
Cite reasons for trade restrictions.
Outline methods of trade restriction.

Brain storming;
Discussion.
Q/A review relevant terms.
Probing questions
& guided discussion.
Q/A & guided discovery.

Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.
newspaper

Pg. 179-180

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Methods of trade restrictions.
Advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.
Trends in international trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some methods used to control trade restrictions.
State advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.
Analyse some current trends in international trade.

Q/A & exposition.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions and brief discussion on EPZ, liberalization e-trade &website.

text book

Pg 186-7

ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Growth and development.
Underdevelopment.
Factors for underdevelopment.
Development planning.
Problems encountered in development planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic growth of a country.
Identify structural changes that may accompany economic development.
Identify characteristics of under - development
Highlight some factors that impede development.
Site some objectives of planning.
Give reasons why development planning is necessary.
State problems encountered in development planning.

Guided discussion & oral questions.
Brainstorming, questioning & discussion.
Q/A guided discussion.
Probing questions /guided discussion.
Quiz.

newspaper
text book

Pg 195-6