ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY
RADIOACTIVITY

Physical properties of alkanols.
Chemical properties of alkanols.
Esters and esterification.
Oxidation of ethanol. Uses of alkanols.
Alkanoic (Carboxylic Acids).
Nomenclature of alkanoic acids.
Lab preparation of ethanoic acid.
Physical properties of alkanoic acids.
Chemical properties of alkanoic acids.
Chemical properties & Uses of alkanoic acids.
Soap preparation in the lab.
Cleaning action of soap.
Effects of hard / soft water on soap.
Soapless detergents.
Polymers and polymerization.
Definition of radioactivity.
Alpha particles.
Equations involving alpha particles.
Beta particles. Gamma rays.
Radioactive Half-Life.
Radioactive decay curve.
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Applications of radioactivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the physical properties of alkanols.
Describe some chemical reactions of alkanols.
Explain formation of esters.
Describe the esterification process.
Explain oxidation of ethanol by an oxidizing agent.
State uses of alkanols.
Explain the effects of alcohol on human health
Identify the functional group of alkanoic (carboxylic) acids.
Explain formation of alkanoic acid molecule.
Name and draw the structure of simple alkanoic acids.
Describe laboratory preparation of ethanoic acid.
Explain some physical properties of alkanoic acids.
Explain some chemical properties of alkanoic acids.
Write equations for chemical reactions involving acids.
State uses of alkanoic acids.
Describe soap preparation in the lab.
Describe the nature of a soap molecule.
Explain the mode of action in cleaning.
Explain the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.
Prepare soapless detergents in the lab.
State merits of soapless detergents over soaps.
Explain the concepts additional and condensation polymerization as methods of making synthetic polymers.
Identify some products of polymerization.
State merits and demerits of synthetic polymers over natural materials.
Define radioactivity, a nuclide and radioactive decay.
Differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity.
State properties of alpha particles.
Describe methods of detecting alpha particles.
Write down and balance equations involving alpha particles.
State properties of beta particles.
Define isotopes and isobars.
Write down balanced equations involving both alpha and beta particles.
State properties of gamma rays.
Define the term radioactive half-life. Solve problems relating to half ?life
Plot a radioactive decay curve to deduce the
half ?life from the curve.
Differentiate between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.
Describe applications of radioactivity.

Comparative evaluation of physical properties of alkanols.
Q/A & discussion on variation in physical properties of alkanols.
Group experiments/ teacher demonstration to investigate combustion of ethanol and its reaction with metals.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts.
Assignment.
Q/A: review redox reactions, oxidizing and reducing agents.
Brief discussion: oxidation of ethanol using potassium (VII) manganate or potassium (VI) dichromate.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Open discussion.
Q/A: review functional group of alkanols.
Brief discussion.
Guided discovery of the naming system for alkanoic acids.
Teacher demonstration: prepare ethanoic acid in the lab.
Brief discussion on preparation of ethanoic acid.
Compare physical properties of some alkanoic acids.
Discuss the difference in physical properties among alkanoic acids.
Group experiment: investigate some chemical properties of ethanoic acid.
Carry out tests and record observations in a table.
Review and discuss the observations above.
Teacher elucidates uses of alkanoic acids.
Group experiments,
Answer questions based on the experiments already carried out.
Expository and descriptive approaches.
Answer oral questions.
Group experiments: form soap lather in different solutions.
Deduce the effects of hard/ soft water on soap.
Teacher demonsration.
Detailed discussion.
Assignment.
Q/A: Review the atomic structure.
Exposition: symbolic representation of an atom / nucleus.
Exposition: meaning of radioactivity and radioactive decay.
Discussion: artificial and natural radioactivity.

Q/A: position of helium in the periodic table.
Expository approach:
Q/A: Review atomic and mass numbers.
Examples of balanced equations.
Supervised practice.
Q/A: Review isotopes.
Expository approach: teacher briefly exposes new concepts.
Examples of equations.
Supervised practice.
Teacher demonstration: Dice experiment.
Exposition of the term half-life.
Worked examples.
Written exercise
Drawing a radioactive decay curve inferring the half-life of the sample from the graph.
Exposition of new concepts accompanied by nuclear equations.
Brief discussion: Carbon dating, detecting leakage, medication, agriculture, industry; effect of static charges, etc.

student book
Chart: homologous series of alkanoic acids.
Concentrated H2SO4, potassium manganate
(VII) Crystals, water bath.
Ethanoic acid, universal indicator, sodium carbonate, magnesium strip, ethanol, conc. H2SO4 and sodium hydroxide.
Distilled water, tap water, rainwater, sodium chloride solution.
Calcium nitrate, Zinc Sulphate, etc.
Dice.
Graph papers.

K.L.B. BK IV
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