GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.

Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.

A gill of a fish.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 56-57

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in amphibians.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.

Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in mammals.
The structure of the lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.
Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhalation.
Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of inhalation in man.
To describe the process of exhalation in man.
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.

Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.
Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.
Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.

Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.
Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.
Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.
Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67

RESPIRATION

Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.
Burning food.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration.
To explain significance of respiration.
To describe an experiment investigating the gas given off when food is burnt.

Q/A: Definition
Brief discussion of significance of respiration.
Teacher demonstration: Burning a food sample.
Testing for the gas evolved during combustion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74

RESPIRATION

The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration.
To explain phases of aerobic respiration.
To state difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion.
Detailed discussion.
Writing down equations of food breakdown.

Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 74

RESPIRATION

Anaerobic respiration.
Oxygen ?debt?.
Applications of anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe anaerobic respiration.
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:
Probing questions.
Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.77
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION

Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.

Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Rate of respiration.
The mammalian skin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The lungs.
The kidneys structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.

Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.

Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The nephron.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the nephron.

Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.

Chart?Kidney nephron.

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Urine formation.
The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain formation of urine.
To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it?s adapted to its function.
To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine.
To name kidney diseases and disorders and state methods of prevention and / treatment.

Detailed discussion.
Discussion and explanations.
Probing questions.

chart
Chart-
The nephron.
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The Liver.
Deamination.
Other functions of the liver.
Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a diagram of the liver.
To explain the function of the liver in deamination.
To state and explain other functions of the liver.
To name and discuss kidney disorders.
To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.
To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis.

Drawing and labeling diagram of the liver.
Probing questions.
Discussion
Probing questions.
Discussion
Exposition and discussion.

Chart-Structure of the liver
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 93-94
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95-96

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The feedback mechanism.
The hypothalamus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between positive and negative feedback and state their roles in maintaining the desirable point.
To explain the role of hypothalamus in thermoregulation.

Schematic representation of feedbacks.
Exposition and discussion.
Exposition and detailed discussion.

Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 97-98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation.
To explain the adaptation of blood vessels and their function in thermo-regulation.

Exposition and discussion.
Drawing schematic diagrams.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.
Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain various homeostatic behavioral activities.
To describe water and salts balance in the body.
To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.
To explain regulation of blood sugar.
To distinguish diabetes mellitus from diabetes inspidus.
To identify simple symptoms of diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus.

Discussion on control of body temperature.
Probing questions.
Detailed discussion.
Topic review.

text book,video
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 99