THE LEDGER.

Meaning and purpose of a ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Identify features of a ledger.
Explain the purpose of a ledger.

Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.

A ledger book.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 117

THE LEDGER.

Rules of recording transactions in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record transactions in a ledger A/Cs.

Exposition and summary in tabular form

A ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III 118-120

THE LEDGER.

The concept of double entry.
Recording business transactions in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Apply the rule of double entry.
Record accounting transactions in ledger A/Cs.

Further worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.

text book
Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 120

THE LEDGER.

Purchase of goods and purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Purchase returns.
Sale returns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Post entries of purchase returns to ledger account.
Record sales returns in ledger account.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 127-9

THE LEDGER.

Expenses in ledger account.
Revenues in ledger accounts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record expenses in ledger account.
Record revenues in the ledger account.

Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 130-1

THE LEDGER.

Drawings in ledger accounts.
Balancing ledger accounts.
Balancing an account with only one entry.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record drawings in a ledger account.
Balance ledger accounts.
Balance an account with only one entry.

Practical activity;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
Worked examples.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 132

THE LEDGER.

Uses of ledger accounts.
Trial balance. Purpose of a trial balance.
Limitations of a trial balance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline uses of ledgers.
Identify features of a trial balance.
Explain the purpose of a trial balance.
Outline limitations of a trial balance with reference to ?hidden? errors.
Outline errors that may cause a trial balance not to balance.

Probing questions;
Guided discussion.
Q/A: review meaning of a trial balance;
Guided discussion.
Exposition of new concepts;

chart

THE LEDGER.

Classification of ledger accounts.
The general ledger.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Distinguish personal from impersonal accounts.
Outline types of ledgers.
Outline features of the general ledger.

Probing questions;
Discussion.
Oral questions;
Guided discussion.

chart
Chart ?classes of accounts and appropriate ledgers.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 140

THE LEDGER.

Topic review.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Answer review questions correctly.

Answer questions from revision exercise.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 142-9

THE CASH BOOK

Types of cash books. Single- column cash book.
The two- column cash book.
Ledger accounts from three-column cash book.
The three-column cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
List types of cashbooks.
Identify features of a single-column cash book.
Post entries in a single-column cash book.
Balance off the two- column cash book.
Post transactions from three-column cash book to ledger accounts.
Record transactions in a three-column cash book.
Balance off the three- column cash book.

Worked examples.
Written assignment.
Supervised exercise.
Probing questions;
Illustrated examples;
Guided discussion.
Worked examples illustrating transactions in a 3- column cash book.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.

Single-column cash book.
Two-column cash book.
3-column cash book, the ledger.
3-column cash book.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 151-2

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Introduction. Trading Period.
Gross Profit or Loss.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of financial statements.
Explain the concept of a trading period of a business.
Determine the gross profit or loss of a business.

Brainstorming, Q/A & Explanations.
Go through worked examples using various approaches.
Supervised practice;
Group assignments.

text book
charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 54

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Trading Account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term trading account.

Illustrate trading accounts with worked examples.

Q/A to review the process of obtaining gross profit or loss.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 57-60

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Net Profit or Loss.
Profit or loss account.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms net profit net loss.
Determine net profit or loss.
Prepare profit or loss accounts.

Brief discussion on distinction between gross and net profit / loss;
Worked examples;
Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
Detailed discussion;
Written exercise.

chart
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 60-62

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Profit and loss account from a trial balance.
The Balance Sheet.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare profit or loss accounts from a trial balance.
Prepare a balance sheet after making adjustments on capital for specific items.

Supervised practice;
Written exercise.
Exposition of adjustments made on capital for net profit, drawings and additional capital.
Worked examples and Exercises.

magazines,charts
charts

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV.  pg 62-67

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Balance Sheet from a trial balance.
Types of Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare a balance sheet from a trial balance.
Outline types of capital.

Q/A to review a trial balance;
Worked examples.
Probing questions;
Teacher?s explanations.

text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 67-68

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Types of capital in a balance sheet.
Basic financial ratios: - Mark-up.
- Margin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate types of capital with balance sheet.
Define the term mark-up.
Explain why mark up is important in a business.
Determine business mark up.
Define the term margin.
Explain why margin is important in a business.
Determine business margin.

Illustrative examples.
Written exercise.
Q/A: definition of a ratio.
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts then leads in an example.
Exposition of new concept;
Worked examples;

text book
chart,text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 69-70

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Using mark-up or margin to prepare a trading account.
Current ratio or Working capital ratio.
Rate of stock turnover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Work out the mark-up given the margin and vice-versa.
Define the term current ratio or working capital ratio.
Explain importance of current ratio.
Calculate current ratio given various balances.
Define the terms turn over and rate of stock turn over.
Calculate the rate of stock turn over.

Guided discovery on the relationship.
Illustrative examples.
Exposition & Worked examples;
Discussion.
Exposition, Worked examples & numericals
Discussion: implications of rate of stock turnover on a business.

text book
text book,chart
chart

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg.72-74

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Stock turn-over and trading account.
Return on Capital.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Prepare the trading account given the rate of stock turn-over.
Define the term return on capital.
Calculate return on capital.
Explain implications of return on capital on a business.

Illustrative examples & supervised practice.
Brief discussion;
simple problem solving;
Assignment.

text book
chart, text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 78

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Acid test or quick ratio.
Balance of Payments. (Current A/C)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine the quick ratio given current assets, stock and current liabilities.
Define the term balance of payments.
Analyse components of balance of payments.
(Current A/C).

Exposition of new concepts;
Simple calculations.
Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.

Business Magazines.
text book

New Inventor K.L.B. BK IV. Pg. 79-80

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Balance of Payments. (Capital A/C)
Overall Balance of Payments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of transactions that affect the Capital A/C.
Determine the overall balance of payments.

Q/A: review types of capital.
Exposition of new concepts and detailed discussion.
Q/A: review current A/C and capital A/C.
Illustrative examples.
Assignment.

newspaper

Pg. 169-170

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The Official Settlement A/C.
Disequilibrium of Balance of payments. Correction of balance of payment disequilibrium.
Terms of sale in international trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the Official Settlement A/C.
Identify causes of Disequilibrium of Balance of payments.
Outline methods of correcting of balance of payment disequilibrium.
Identify common terms of sale in international trade.

Guided brief discussion.
Exposition of new concepts & explanations;
Discussion.
Exposition & explanations;
Probing questions;

text book

Pg. 171

INTERNATIONAL TRADE

Documents used in international trade.
IMF, ADF and World bank.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major documents used in international trade.
State objectives of IMF, ADF and World bank..
Trace a background to the growth of specific
development funds.

Give examples of relevant documents.
Give examples of relevant documents.
Brain storming;
Discussion.

text book
Newspaper cuttings & relevant magazines.

Pg. 176-7

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Forms & importance of economic integration.
Trade restrictions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic integration.
Identify forms of economic integration.
Outline forms of economic integration.
Analyze importance of economic integration.
Enumerate advantages and disadvantages of free trade.
Cite reasons for trade restrictions.
Outline methods of trade restriction.

Q/A review relevant terms.
Probing questions
& guided discussion.
Q/A & guided discovery.

newspaper

Pg. 182-5

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION

Methods of trade restrictions.
Advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.
Trends in international trade.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some methods used to control trade restrictions.
State advantages and disadvantages of trade restrictions.
Analyse some current trends in international trade.

Q/A & exposition.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions and brief discussion on EPZ, liberalization e-trade &website.

text book

Pg 186-7

ECONOMIC DEVP AND PLANNING

Growth and development.
Underdevelopment.
Factors for underdevelopment.
Development planning.
Problems encountered in development planning.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define economic growth of a country.
Identify structural changes that may accompany economic development.
Identify characteristics of under - development
Highlight some factors that impede development.
Site some objectives of planning.
Give reasons why development planning is necessary.
State problems encountered in development planning.

Guided discussion & oral questions.
Brainstorming, questioning & discussion.
Q/A guided discussion.
Probing questions /guided discussion.
Quiz.

newspaper
text book

Pg 195-6