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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1-2 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface. To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces. To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces. To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in an amoeba. |
Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface. Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba. Discuss briefly gaseous exchange in and out of amoeba. |
text book
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53 |
|
| 1 | 3 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Gaseous exchange in insects.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects |
Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system. Detailed discussion. |
text book
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54 |
|
| 1 | 4 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Breathing in insects.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect. |
Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
|
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses, Boiling tubes. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56 |
|
| 1 | 5 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Breathing in insects.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect. |
Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.
|
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses, Boiling tubes. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56 |
|
| 2 | 1-2 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish. Gaseous exchange in amphibians. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects. To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish. To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface. To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills. To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog. |
Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.
Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions. Detailed discussion. Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog. Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog. |
Live specimens of insects.
A gill of a fish. text book |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56 K.L.B. BOOK 2 PP. 56-57 |
|
| 2 | 3 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man. To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory. |
Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.
|
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59 |
|
| 2 | 4 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
The structure of the lungs.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions. |
Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.
|
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1 |
|
| 2 | 5 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Inhalation.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of inhalation in man. |
Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism. |
Chart / model of a rib cage.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62 |
|
| 3 | 1-2 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man. To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity. |
Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism. Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity. Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage. |
Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62 K.L.B. BOOK 2 PP. 61-63 |
|
| 3 | 3 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus. To explain regulation of breathing in man. |
Discussion and explanations.
|
text book
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64 |
|
| 3 | 4 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Rate of breathing in man.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes. |
Discussion and explanations.
|
text book
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63 |
|
| 3 | 5 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Rate of breathing in man.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes. |
Discussion and explanations.
|
text book
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63 |
|
| 4 | 1-2 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system. To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale. |
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow. Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions. Brief discussion. |
Lime water, rib cage model. Lime water. |
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66 K.L.B. BOOK 2 P. 67 |
|
| 4 | 3 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Inhaled and exhaled air.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale. |
Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion. |
Lime water.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67 |
|
| 4 | 4 |
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
|
Diseases of the respiratory system.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases. |
Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.
|
Resource person.
|
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70 |
|
| 4 | 5 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
The mammalian skin.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin. To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin. |
|
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 86-87 |
|
| 5 | 1-2 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
The lungs.
The kidneys structure. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs. To describe the external structure of kidney. To describe the internal structure of the kidney. |
Exposition and discussion.
Observe external features of a kidney. Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney. |
Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.
Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney. |
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87 K.L.B. BK 2 PP. 89-90 |
|
| 5 | 3 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
The kidneys structure.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of kidney. To describe the internal structure of the kidney. |
Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney. |
Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.
|
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90 |
|
| 5 | 4 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
The nephron.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the nephron. |
Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron. Label the diagram. |
Chart?Kidney nephron.
|
|
|
| 5 | 5 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
Urine formation.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain formation of urine. |
Detailed discussion.
|
chart
|
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90
|
|
| 6 | 1-2 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders. The Liver. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it?s adapted to its function. To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine. To name kidney diseases and disorders and state methods of prevention and / treatment. To draw and label a diagram of the liver. |
Discussion and explanations.
Probing questions. Drawing and labeling diagram of the liver. |
Chart-
The nephron. text book Chart-Structure of the liver |
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 91-92
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 93-94 |
|
| 6 | 3 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
Deamination.
Other functions of the liver. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the liver in deamination. To state and explain other functions of the liver. |
Probing questions.
Discussion |
text book
|
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95
|
|
| 6 | 4 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
Liver disorders.
Homeostasis. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name and discuss kidney disorders. To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders. To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis. |
Exposition and discussion.
|
text book
|
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 96-97
|
|
| 6 | 5 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
The feedback mechanism.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between positive and negative feedback and state their roles in maintaining the desirable point. |
Schematic representation of feedbacks.
Exposition and discussion. |
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism |
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 97-98
|
|
| 7 | 1-2 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
The hypothalamus.
The skin and thermoregulation. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of hypothalamus in thermoregulation. To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation. |
Exposition and detailed discussion.
Exposition and discussion. |
text book
|
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98
|
|
| 7 | 3 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.
Homeostatic behavioral activities. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the adaptation of blood vessels and their function in thermo-regulation. To state and explain various homeostatic behavioral activities. |
Exposition and discussion.
Drawing schematic diagrams. Discussion on control of body temperature. Probing questions. |
text book
text book,video |
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98-99
|
|
| 7 | 4 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
Osmoregulation.
Blood sugar. |
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe water and salts balance in the body. To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood. To explain regulation of blood sugar. |
Detailed discussion.
|
text book
|
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 100-101
|
|
| 7 | 5 |
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
|
Diabetes.
|
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To distinguish diabetes mellitus from diabetes inspidus. To identify simple symptoms of diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus. |
Detailed discussion.
Probing questions. Topic review. |
text book
|
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 103
|
|
| 8 |
Exams |
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