SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Concept of firm and industry.
Size of a firm.
Location of a firm.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between a firm and an industry.
Identify factors influencing goods and services to produce.
Outline ways of determining size of a firm.
Identify factors influencing location of a firm.

Exposition of new concepts;
Oral questions;
Guided discussion.
Detailed discussion.

text book
chart

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 23-24

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Localization of a firm.
Delocalization of a firm.
Internal economies of scale. External economies of scale.
Internal and external diseconomies of scale.
Existence of small firms.
Negative impact of production activities on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors that encourage localization of a firm.
State advantages and disadvantages of localization of a firm.
Outline factors that encourage delocalization of a firm.
State advantages and disadvantages of delocalization of a firm.
Define the term economy of scale.
Outline various economies of scale associated with a firm.
Outline benefits accruing to a firm as a result of growth of the whole industry.
Define the term diseconomies of scale.
Highlight some internal and external diseconomies of scale.
Give reasons that contribute to existence of small firms.
Highlight adverse effects arising from production activities.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Discussion.
Exposition of new concepts.
Brain storming;
Probing questions and discussion on
adverse effects of air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution & solid waste pollution.

chart
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 27-28

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM
PRODUCT MARKETS
PRODUCT MARKETS
PRODUCT MARKETS
PRODUCT MARKETS

Maintaining a healthy environment.
Introduction.
Perfect competition market.
Monopoly.
Monopoly power.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors that contribute to a healthy business environment.
Define the term market and marketing.
Identify elements that dictate the type of market.
Outline features of a perfect market.
Identify features of a monopoly market.
Outline ways of acquiring a monopoly power.

Brain storming;
Discussion.
Oral questions;
Probing questions;
Guided discussion.
Exposition of new ideas; Detailed discussion.

chart
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 36-38

PRODUCT MARKETS
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Monopolistic competition.
Oligopoly.
The kinked demand curve.
Channels of distribution.
Distribution of local agricultural produce.
Distribution of locally manufactured goods.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline features of a monopolistic competition.
Describe price & output determination under monopolistic competition.
Describe features of an oligopolistic market.
Interpret the kinked demand curve.
Define the term channel of distribution.
Identify common channels of distribution.
Describe distribution of local agricultural produce.
Describe distribution of locally manufactured goods.

Exposition, discussion and sketching illustrative graphs.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Discussion.
Curve sketching;
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.
Draw a flow chart;

chat,text book
text book
Chart ?channels of distribution of local agricultural produce
Flow chart.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 45-46

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
NATIONAL INCOME.
NATIONAL INCOME.
NATIONAL INCOME.

Distribution of imported goods.
Roles played by intermediaries in the distribution chain.
Choice of distribution channel.
Meaning of national income, GDP, NDP, GNP & NNP. Per capita income.
Circular flow of income.
Factors affecting circular flow of income.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe distribution of imported goods.
Outline roles played by intermediaries in the distribution chain.
Explain factors influencing choice of distribution channel.
Define terms related to national income.
Describe the circular flow of income.
State assumptions made in circular flow of income.
Outline factors that affect circular flow of income.

Draw a flow chart;
Brief discussion.
Brain storming;
Oral questions;
Discussion.
Exposition of new concepts, explanations & discussion.
Exposition of concepts.

Flow chart.
Illustrative flow charts.
text book
Chart: circular flow of income.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 52-53

NATIONAL INCOME.
POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT.

Expenditure approach of determining national income.
Income approach of determining national income.
Output approach of determining national income.
Uses of national income statistics.
Levels of national income.
Population growth.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine national income using expenditure approach.
List down problems associated with expenditure approach.
Determine national income using income approach.
List down problems associated with income approach.
Determine national income using output approach.
List down problems associated with output approach.
Outline uses of national income statistics.
Highlight factors that influence the levels of national income.
Outline factors associated with population growth.
List factors that are likely to lead to either high or low birthrates.
Calculate population growth rate.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations & discussion;
Calculations.
Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions;
Guided discussion;
Guided discussion.
Review exercise.
Brain storming;

Calculators,text book
Calculators.
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 63-64

POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT.

Optimum population.
Under-population.
Over-population.
Young population.
Ageing population.
Declining population.
Population structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term optimum population.
Illustrate the concept of optimum population graphically.
Explain what optimum population depicts.
Cite factors that lead to under population.
State demerits of under -population.
Cite factors that lead to over population.
State advantages and disadvantages of over-population.
Cite factors that may lead to young population.
State advantages and disadvantages of a young population.
Outline challenges of a young population.
Identify problems associated with ageing population.
State factors that may lead to ageing population.
State factors that may lead to a declining population.
Outline effects of a declining population.
Differentiate between a young population and an ageing population.
Define the term population structure.
Explain implications of population size and structure on development.

Exposition of new concepts;
Probing questions;
Guided discussion;
Illustrative curve sketching.
Brain storming;
Guided discussion.
Oral questions;
Exposition;
Q/A to review young population;
Discussion on ageing and declining populations.
Probing questions;
Drawing an illustrative population pyramid; Discussion.

Chart- optimum population.
Chart- under population.
Chart- over population.
text book
Chart- population structure pyramid.,
Diagram of vicious cycle of rapid population growth.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 73-74

POPULATION & EMPLOYMENT.
NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Employment and unemployment.
Causes of unemployment.
Solving unemployment problems.
Basic terms used in business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term employment.
Identify types of unemployment.
Outline the main causes of unemployment.
Suggest some possible solutions to unemployment problems in Kenya.
Define basic terms used in business.
State characteristics of assets / liabilities.

Exposition and discussion on new concepts associated with unemployment.
Q/A and brief discussion
Group discussions & presentations;
Guided discussion.
Brief discussion on the terms debtor, creditor, asset, liability and capital.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 83-86

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.

Book-keeping Equation.
Balance sheet.
Importance of a balance sheet.
Book-keeping equation and balance sheet.
Net worth of a business.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sources of assets.
Derive and explain the bookkeeping equation.
Define the term balance sheet.
Prepare a balance sheet.
Explain importance of a balance sheet.
Relate book-keeping equation with balance sheet
Determine a business net worth using book-keeping equation and a balance sheet.

Use a concrete example to arrive at the book-keeping equation.
Apply the book-keeping equation.
Supervised practice.
Guided preparation of a balance sheet.
Assignment.
Probing questions;
Discussion.
Guided discovery;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 95-97

NET WORTH OF A BUSINESS.
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Topic review.
Types of business transactions.
Effects of transactions on the balance sheet.
Changes in capital: Drawing.
Additional investments.
Profit & losses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Answer questions correctly.
Give examples of business transactions.
Define the term deferred payment.
Give examples of credit transactions.
Determine the effects of transactions on the balance sheet.
Explain how drawings affect capital.
Explain how additional investments affect capital.
Determine the solvency of a business.

Answer numerical questions.
Exercise review.
Probing questions;
Oral questions;
Brief guided discussion.
Worked examples;
Supervised exercise;
Guided discovery.
Worked examples
Supervised practice.
Exercise.
Work through an example.
Q/A : review meaning of terms profit and loss.
Work through examples.

chart
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 100-102

BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
THE LEDGER.
THE LEDGER.
THE LEDGER.
THE LEDGER.

Initial and final capital of a business.
The concept of double entry.
Recording business transactions in ledger accounts.
Purchase of goods and purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Purchase returns.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compute the capital at the end of a given period.
Apply the rule of double entry.
Record accounting transactions in ledger A/Cs.
Record purchase of stock in cash / on credit.
Post entries of purchase returns to ledger account.

Work through examples;
Group activities;
Guided discussion.
Further worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Assignment.
Exposition;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery.
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.

text book
Ledger.
The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 111

THE LEDGER.

Sale returns.
Expenses in ledger account.
Revenues in ledger accounts.
Drawings in ledger accounts.
Balancing ledger accounts.
Balancing an account with only one entry.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Record sales returns in ledger account.
Record expenses in ledger account.
Record revenues in the ledger account.
Record drawings in a ledger account.
Balance ledger accounts.
Balance an account with only one entry.

Worked examples;
Supervised practice.
Practical activity;
Oral questions;
Guided discovery;
Numerous examples.
Worked examples.

The Ledger.

New Inventor KLB BOOK III Pg 130

THE LEDGER.
THE CASH BOOK
THE CASH BOOK
THE CASH BOOK
THE CASH BOOK

Uses of ledger accounts.
Trial balance. Purpose of a trial balance.
Limitations of a trial balance.
Classification of ledger accounts.
The general ledger.
Topic review.
Types of cash books. Single- column cash book.
The two- column cash book.
Ledger accounts from three-column cash book.
The three-column cash book.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline uses of ledgers.
Identify features of a trial balance.
Explain the purpose of a trial balance.
Outline limitations of a trial balance with reference to ?hidden? errors.
Outline errors that may cause a trial balance not to balance.
Distinguish personal from impersonal accounts.
Outline types of ledgers.
Outline features of the general ledger.
Answer review questions correctly.
List types of cashbooks.
Identify features of a single-column cash book.
Post entries in a single-column cash book.
Balance off the two- column cash book.
Post transactions from three-column cash book to ledger accounts.
Record transactions in a three-column cash book.
Balance off the three- column cash book.

Probing questions;
Guided discussion.
Q/A: review meaning of a trial balance;
Guided discussion.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
Oral questions;
Answer questions from revision exercise.
Worked examples.
Written assignment.
Supervised exercise.
Illustrated examples;
Worked examples illustrating transactions in a 3- column cash book.
Supervised practice.
Written exercise.

chart
Chart ?classes of accounts and appropriate ledgers.
Single-column cash book.
Two-column cash book.
3-column cash book, the ledger.
3-column cash book.