EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Introduction- Definition and importance of homeostasis and excretion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To define homeostasis and excretion.
To explain necessity of excretion in plants and animals.

Q/A: Definitions of digestion, ingestion and egestion, secretion and excretion.

Discuss importance of excretion in plants and animals.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion in plants.
Excretion and homeostasis in unicellular organisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name plants excretory products.
To state uses of excretory products of plants.
Describe excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

Probing questions.
Exposition of new terms.
Discuss uses and abuses of plant excretory products.
Q/A: Review diffusion, structure of an amoeba.
Discuss excretion and homeostasis in an amoeba and a paramecium.

Some plants excretory products.
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 83-84

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Excretion and homeostasis in animals.
The mammalian skin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify excretory organs in various animals.
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe drawings of various animals showing excretory organs.

Specimens of platyhelmin-thes, annelida, insects.
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 85

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The lungs.
The kidneys structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.
To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.

Exposition and discussion.
Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.

Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.
Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The nephron.
Urine formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the nephron.
To explain formation of urine.

Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.
Detailed discussion.

Chart?Kidney nephron.
chart

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.
The Liver.
Deamination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it?s adapted to its function.
To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine.
To name kidney diseases and disorders and state methods of prevention and / treatment.
To draw and label a diagram of the liver.
To explain the function of the liver in deamination.

Discussion and explanations.
Probing questions.
Drawing and labeling diagram of the liver.
Discussion

Chart-
The nephron.
text book
Chart-Structure of the liver

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 91-92

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Other functions of the liver.
Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.
The feedback mechanism.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain other functions of the liver.
To name and discuss kidney disorders.
To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.
To define the concepts of internal environment and homeostasis.
To differentiate between positive and negative feedback and state their roles in maintaining the desirable point.

Probing questions.
Discussion
Exposition and discussion.
Schematic representation of feedbacks.

text book
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95-96

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The hypothalamus.
The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of hypothalamus in thermoregulation.
To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation.
To explain the adaptation of blood vessels and their function in thermo-regulation.

Exposition and detailed discussion.
Exposition and discussion.
Drawing schematic diagrams.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.
Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain various homeostatic behavioral activities.
To describe water and salts balance in the body.
To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.
To explain regulation of blood sugar.
To distinguish diabetes mellitus from diabetes inspidus.
To identify simple symptoms of diabetes mellitus and diabetes inspidus.

Discussion on control of body temperature.
Probing questions.
Detailed discussion.
Topic review.

text book,video
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 99

CLASSIFICATION II

Principles of classification of living organisms...

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the importance of classification of organisms.
Discuss the general principles of classification.
Identify major taxonomic units.

Q/A: To review Classification I.

Discussion of principles of classification of organisms.

Q/A: Major taxonomic units.

Chart- Taxonomic units.

KLB BK III.
PP 1-2. CERTIFICATE PG 1 

CLASSIFICATION II

Binomial Nomenclature.
Animal Kingdoms. Kingdom Monera.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a species.
To explain features of a species.
To explain principles of binomial nomenclature.
Identify the five animal kingdoms.
State characteristics of members of kingdom Monera.
To identify and draw various bacteria.
To explain how bacteria affect our lives.

Probing questions leading to definition of a species.
Give examples of breeds and varieties.
Discuss the double- naming system and the underlying features.
Expository approach -The teacher will expose the five kingdoms.
Discussion- General characteristics of unicellular and microscopic organisms.
Drawing and labeling a bacterium.
Q/A: Economic importance of bacteria.

Chart- Examples of generic and specific names of organisms.
Chart- Types of bacteria

KLB BK III.P 2. CERTIFICATE PG 3

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Protoctista.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give examples of members of kingdom Protoctista.
To state general characteristics of members of kingdom Protoctista.

Teacher leads in a discussion.

chart

KLB BK III.
PP 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 8

CLASSIFICATION II

Organisms with varied forms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label an amoeba, paramecium, spirogyra, e.t.c.

Drawing and labelling organisms with varied forms.

Wall charts.

KLB BK III. P 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 9

CLASSIFICATION II

Organisms in pond water.
Kingdom Fungi. Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify organisms in pond water.
To give examples of members of kingdom fungi.
To discuss economic importance of fungi.
To state general characteristics of fungi.

Examine a drop of pond water on a glass slide under a microscope.
Draw diagrams of organisms observed.
Compare the observed organisms with those previously drawn and labelled.
Detailed discussion.
Exposition of new concepts/ terms.

Microscope
Water dropper
Pond water
Glass slides.
Mushrooms,
Yeast,
Bread mould.

KLB BK III. P. 4-5. CERTIFICATE PG 10

CLASSIFICATION II

Diagrams of Fungi.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label various fungi.

Examine bread mould.
Draw and label diagrams of various fngi.

Wall charts,
Bread mould,
Yeast,
Edible mushroom.

KLB BK III. P 6. CERTIFICATE PG 12

CLASSIFICATION II

Kingdom Plantae. General characteristics.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State general characteristics of plants.

Q/A: Compare plants with the aforementioned kingdoms, and then list down characteristics of plants.

KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 13

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Bryophyta External structure of a Bryophyta.
Division Pteridophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State general characteristics of Bryophyta.
To draw and label external features of an identified Bryophyta.
To identify features of Bryophyta.
To state general characteristics of Pteridophytes.
To draw and label external features of Pteridophytes.

Teacher leads in a discussion. Students examine moss plant under a hand lens, then
Draw and label the moss plant.
Teacher leads in a discussion on characteristics of Pteridophytes.
Class experiments: To observe a live or preserved fern.
To draw and label the fern.

Moss plant,
Hand lens,
Slide.
A live or preserved fern.

KLB BK III. P 7. CERTIFICATE PG 14

CLASSIFICATION II

Division Spermatophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of spermatophytes.

Teacher leads in a discussion on spermatophytes.

text book

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG 16

CLASSIFICATION II

Features of Spermatophytes.
Sub-division Gymnospermatophyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify features of spermatophytes.
To state general characteristics of gymnospermatophyta.

Class experiments: To examine a complete specimen of a bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.
Detailed discussion.

Complete specimens of bean plant with ponds/ maize plant/ a twig of cypress.
text book

KLB BK III. P 9. CERTIFICATE PG16

CLASSIFICATION II

Subdivision Angiospermaphyta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of angiospermaphyta.

Detailed discussion.
Q/A: Comparing gymnospermatophyta and angiospermaphyta.

text book

KLB BK III. P 10. CERTIFICATE PG 16

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Monocotyledonae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down characteristics of Monocotyledonae.

Class experiments: Examine maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.
Discuss external features of the plants.

Maize plant/ wheat/ grass/ sugarcane.

KLB BK III. P 11. CERTIFICATE PG 17

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Dicotyledonae.
Kingdom Animalia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down characteristics of Dicotyledonae.
To state characteristics of kingdom Animalia.

Class experiments: Examine external features of bean plant/ black jack/ tea.
Discuss their external features.
Q/A: To review general characteristics of animals as compared to those of plants.

Bean plant/ black jack/ tea.
text book

KLB BK III. P 11. CERTIFICATE PG 17

CLASSIFICATION II

Phyllum Arthropoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Arthropoda.

Q/A: General characteristics of Arthropoda.

KLB BK III. P 12. CERTIFICATE PG 19

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Crustacea.
Class Chilopoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down external features of a crab/ crayfish.
To describe external features of a centipede.

Examine preserved specimens of a crab/ crayfish and identify external features.
Draw and label diagrams.
Discuss their general characteristics.
Examine a centipede.
Draw and label a centipede.
Discuss general characteristics of Chilopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.

Specimens of a crab/ crayfish.
A centipede.

KLB BK III. P 13. CERTIFICATE PG 21

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Diplopoda.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of a milipede.

Examine a milipede.
Draw and label a milipede.
Discuss general characteristics of diplopoda comparing them to those of other members of the kingdom Animalia.

A milipede.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 20

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Arachnida.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of mites, spiders, scorpions, ticks.

Examine specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.
Q/A: Differences between arachnids and members of other classes.
Discuss general characteristics of Arachnida.

Specimens of freshly killed/ preserved arachnids.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 20

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Insecta.
Phyllum Chordata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe external features of common insects.
To identify general characteristics of chordates.

Examine live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honeybee, termite, e.t.c.
List down general characteristics of insecta.
Discuss economic importance of insects.
Q/A: Identify classes of phylum chordata.
Discussion: characteristics of chordates.

Live/ freshly killed specimens of ground beetle, honey-bee, termite, e.t.c.

KLB BK III. P 15. CERTIFICATE PG 21

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Pisces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label external features of a (tilapia) fish.

Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts pertaining to characteristics of fish.

Chart tilapia fish.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 22

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Amphibia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To compare observable features of a tilapia fish and those of a frog.

Group experiments- Observing specimens and placing them in their respective classes.

Preserved specimens ? fish, amphibians.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 23

CLASSIFICATION II

Class Reptilia.
Class Aves.
Class Mammalia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of reptilia.
To state general characteristics of aves.
To state general characteristics of Mammalia.

Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.
Q/A: Examples of egg laying mammals, pouched mammals, primates, etc.

Chart- Diagrams of birds.
Diagrams of various mammals.

KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 24