Natural and Historic Built Environment

Map reading and interpretation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the elements of marginal information.
Draw the map on learner's book 8 page 92
Appreciate the elements of marginal information.

Individually, learners are guided to identify the elements of marginal information.
Individually, learners are guided to study the interlocking cards and match them.
Individually, learners are guided to draw the map on learner's book 8 page 92

What are the elements of marginal information?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 90-93
Pictures
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Realia

Oral questions  Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Types and uses of scales on maps
Converting a statement scale to a representative fraction scale.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the meaning of scale in map and identity the type of scale.
Convert a statement scale to a representative fraction scale.
Appreciate the importance of direct statement scale

Individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of scale in maps.
Individually, learners are guided to state the types of scales used on maps.
Individually, learners are guided to study the scales on page 94 and match each scale to its name.
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of converting statement scale to a representative fraction scale..

What is a scale?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 93-95
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Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 95-96

Oral questions  , written question 

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Converting linear scale into representative fraction
Convert representative fraction scale (RF) into linear scale.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the procedure of converting from one scale to another.
Work out calculation involving scale conversation 
Enjoy and appreciate scale conversation used in map work 

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of converting linear scale into representative fraction.
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to convert linear scale into representative fraction.

How many centimeters equals one kilometer?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 96
Pictures
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 98-99

Oral questions Oral Report 

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Determining distances and areas of places on a map using scales; Measuring distances on a topographical map
Determining distances and areas of places on a map using scales

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the procedure of measuring distance along a straight line on a topographical map using a sheet of paper.
Measure the distance along a straight line on a topographical map using a sheet of paper.
Have fun and enjoy measuring distances.

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of measuring distance along a straight line on a topographical map using a sheet of paper.
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to measure the distance along a straight line on a topographical map using a sheet of paper.

What is a topographical map?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 99-100
Pictures
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 101-102

Oral questions written question 

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Measuring along a curved line.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the procedure of measuring distances between different places on the map using a string on a topographical map.
Measure the distance between different places on the map using a string on a topographical map.
Appreciate the importance of topographical map.

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to outline the procedure of measuring distances between different places on the map using a string on a topographical map.
In pairs or individually, learners are guided to measure the distance between different places on the map using a string on a topographical map

Why do we use a string to measure a curved line?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 102-103
Pictures
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 104-105

 Observation Oral Report 

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Measuring along a curved line.
Calculating areas on a map using scales.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Measure the distance along a curved line using a paper ed
Identify the formulae used to calculate the areas of rectangles, squares, triangle and circle.
Enjoy and have fun in drawing features with regular shape 

In pairs or individually, learners are guided to measure the distance along a curved line using a paper edge
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the formulae used to calculate the areas of rectangles, squares, triangle and circle.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw features with regular shapes.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to calculate the areas of rectangles, squares, triangles and circles.

How do you measure a curved line using a paper edge?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 105-106
Pictures
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 106-107

Written  question Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Calculating areas of irregular shapes.
Use of strips.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the formula of calculating the area of irregular shaped by use of rectangles and triangles method.
Calculate the area of irregular shapes by use of rectangles and triangles method.
Have fun and enjoy working ou

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the formula of calculating the area of irregular shaped by use of rectangles and triangles method.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to calculate the area of irregular shapes by use of rectangles and triangles method.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the method use of strips

Which features on maps have irregular shapes?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 108-109
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 109-110

  Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Use of grid squares.
Methods of representing relief on topographical maps.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw a grid square..
Explain the meaning of "Relief" on maps.
Identify some relief features represented using different method
Appreciate the use of gride square method to represent relief 

 In pairs, learner's are guidedbto explain the meaning of the one "gride square"
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of "Relief" on maps.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify some relief features represented using different methods.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw some relief features found on maps.

What is a grid square?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 110-112
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 112-114

  Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Drainage features.
Interpreting physical features on a map.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify how vegetation is represented on a topographical ma
Examine how drainage features are represented on a topographical map.
Appreciate the use of drainage features

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw some of the drainage features.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to examine how drainage features are represented on a topographical map.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of contours.
In groups, are guided to interpret physical features on a map.

What are some of the drainage features?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 114-116
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 116-118

Oral questions  Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

.
Weather and Climate: Factors influencing weather and climate in Africa.

By the end of the lesson , the learner should be able to:.
Explain the meaning of weather.
Identify the factors that influence weather and Climate.
Demonstrate how the factors influence weather and climate 

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of weather.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to Identify the factors that influence weather and Climate
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to demonstrate how the factors influence weather and climate.

What is weather?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 119-120
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 121-122

Oral questions jj Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Distribution and characteristics of climatic regions in Africa.
Equatorial Climate

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw the map of Africa and identify the main climatic regions in Africa.
Identify the countries where each climatic region covers.
Appreciate the importance of climatic regions.
J

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the main climatic regions in Africa.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw the map of Africa.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the countries where each climatic region covers.

What is climate?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 123-124
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 124

Written question   Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Tropical climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the characteristics of modified tropical climate.
List the countries whose coastal areas experienced the described climate..
Appreciate the importance of tropical climate.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of modified tropical climate.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to list the countries whose coastal areas experienced the described climate.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where tropical climate is experienced in Africa.

What are the characteristics of modified tropical climate?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 125-126
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Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 126-129

Oral question Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Causes and effects of climate change in the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the effects of climate change in the environment.
Identify the causes of climate change in the environment.
Have a desire to learn more about climate change.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to state the effects of climate change in the environment.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the causes of climate change in the environment.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to categorise the factors as human factors or natural factors.

What are the causes of climate change in the environment?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 129-131
Pictures
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 131-136

Checklist 

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Possible solutions to the effects of climate change in the environment.
Vegetation in Africa: .

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify possible solutions to the effects of climate change in the environment.
State the importance of taking care of the environment..
Appreciate the importance of the environment.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify possible solutions to the effects of climate change in the environment.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to state the importance of taking care of the environment.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to demonstrate how technology can be used to save the world from climate change 

What are possible solutions to the effects of climate change in the environment? What care should you give to trees and natural vegetation?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 136-139
Pictures
Chats
Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 141-144

Oral questions Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Characteristics of major vegetation regions in Africa: Tropical rainforest
Savanna vegetation (Tropical Grassland)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the characteristics of modified tropical rainforest.
List the countries where tropical rainforest is experienced.
Appreciate the importance of tropical rainforest.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of modified tropical rainforest.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to list the countries where tropical rainforest is experienced.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where tropical rainforest is experienced in Africa.

What are the characteristics of tropical rainforest? Why is the floor of the tropical rainforest so dark and only few plants grow there?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 144-146
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 146-147

 Oral Report Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Desert vegetation.
Semi desert vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the characteristics of desert vegetation.
Name the animals found in desert vegetation 
Appreciate the use of atlases.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of desert vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to name the animals found in desert vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where desert vegetation is experienced in Africa

What type of animals are found in desert vegetation? How are the plants adopted to the vegetation zone?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 147-148
Pictures
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 148-149

Oral questions Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Mediterranean vegetation.
Mangrove vegetation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation.
Discuss different plant species found in Mediterranean vegetation.
Search and appreciate information on atlas about Mediterranean vegetation and where they are found in the map.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to highlight different plant species found in Mediterranean vegetation.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to search in atlases for information about where Mediterranean vegetation is experienced in Africa 

What are the characteristics of Mediterranean vegetation?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 149-150
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Computing devices
MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 150

Oral questions  Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Mountain vegetation.
Locating major vegetation regions of Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify the characteristics of mountain vegetation.
Explain the changes in vegetation on a mountain.
Appreciate the importance of vegetation

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify the characteristics of mountain vegetation
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the changes in vegetation on a mountain
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw the diagram on learner's book 8 page 151
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw an outline of the map of Africa.

Why are there changes in vegetation on a mountain? Why do you think there is no vegetation in the mountain zone labelled Bare rocks?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 151-152
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 152-154

Checklist 

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Historical sites and Monuments in Africa: Locations of historical sites and monuments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the meaning of monuments.
Identify various historical sites and monuments.
Draw the map of Africa showing various monuments and appreciate the use of the historical sites 

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to explain the meaning of monuments.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to identify various historical sites and monuments.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw the map of Africa and identify the historical sites found on the map.

What is a monument?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 154-157
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 159-160

Oral question Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environment

Importance of historical sites and monuments for preservation of cultural heritage.
Ways of conserving historical sites and monuments in Africa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State the importance of historical sites and monuments for preservation of cultural heritage.
Create flash cards containing the importance of historical sites and monuments
Appreciate the importance of historical sites and monuments for preservation of cultural heritage.

In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to create posters on ways of conserving the historical sites.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to create flash cards containing the importance of historical sites and monuments.
In groups, in pairs or individually, learners are guided to draw the diagrams on learner's book 8 page 161

What is the importance of historical sites and monuments for preservation of culture?

MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 160-163
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MTP; Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 164-165

Written question Observation

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

The constitution of Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

outline the components of the constitution of Kenya
illustrate the roles of the three arms of government in reference to the relevant chapters in the constitution
appreciate the constitution of Kenya

What is a constitution?

The learner is guided to: discuss the components of the constitution of Kenya create charts showing the three arms of government, their roles and interrelationships

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page167 168


Mountain Top Publishers
Grade8page 169170
Print out of the constitution of Kenya

oral questions written questions

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

The constitution of Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
outline the guiding principles of leadership and integrity in the constitution of Kenya
apply assertiveness in the principles of leadership and integrity in daily interactions
appreciate the constitution of Kenya

Why do we need a constitution?

The learner is guided to: discuss the components of the constitution of Kenya create charts showing the three arms of government, their roles and interrelationships

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 169 170
chart


Grade8page 172173

oral questions observation 

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

The constitution of Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

outline the guiding principles of leadership and integrity in the constitution of Kenya
apply assertiveness in the principles of leadership and integrity in daily interactions
appreciate the constitution of Kenya

Why is assertiveness important in adhering to the constitution of Kenya?

The learner is guided to: discuss the guiding principles of leadership and integrity in the constitution of Kenya reflect on situations in their past when they needed to be assertive and how it can be applied in upholding principles of leadership and integrity

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 172 173

oral questions written questions

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

The constitution of Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

state the guiding principles of leadership and integrity in the constitution of Kenya
exhibit good leadership in chapter six of the constitution of Kenya
appreciate the constitution of Kenya

What is good leadership?

The learner is guided to: discuss the guiding principles of leadership and integrity in the constitution of Kenya discuss whether or not leaders in Kenya adhere to their constitutional responsibilities

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 174 175



Grade 8 page174 175

Observation Written questions

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

outline how human rights can be respected and protected in the community
describe the process of effective communication on human rights issues
desire to protect human rights

How do we respect human rights?

The learner is guided to: discuss how human rights can be respected and protected in the community role play scenarios that depict the process of effective communication on human rights issues

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 179

oral questions

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

outline how human rights can be respected and protected in the community
describe the process of effective communication on human rights issues
desire to protect human right.

How can effective communication foster respet to human rights?

The learner is guided to: discuss how human rights can be respected and protected in the community role play scenarios that depict the process of effective communication on human rights issues

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 180
Grade 8 page 182

Written uestions

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

outline the rights of children in Kenya
demonstrate ways in which children are protected against violation in Kenya
appreciate the responsibility of the society in protecting human right

How do we protect child rights against violation?

The learner is guided to: discuss the rights of children in Kenya discuss ways in which children are protected against violation in Kenya

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 182
Mountain Top Publishers

Observation 

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Citizenship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

state qualities of a global citizen in the world today
describe ways in which Nobel prize nominees responded to injustice situations in the society
desire to be good citizen.

Which are qualities of a global citizen?

The learner is guided to: discuss qualities of a global citizen in the world today discuss ways in which Nobel prize nominees responded to injustice situations in the society

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 192 194

oral questions written questions

POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE

Citizenship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

state qualities of a global citizen in the world today
describe ways in which Nobel prize nominees responded to injustice situations in the society
desire to be good citizen
appreciatetheachievementsoftheNobelprizenomes

Name Nobel prize nominees?

The learner is guided to: discuss qualities of a global citizen in the world today discuss ways in which Nobel prize nominees responded to injustice situations in the society

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 192 194

Mountain Top Publishers
Grade 8 page 197 198
Grade 8 page 201

oral questions written questions