GAS LAWS

Rates of diffusion.
Graham?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare rates of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride in air.

Teacher demonstration: - To deduce rate of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride.
Q/A: - Students calculate ratio of rates of diffusion of the gases.

student book
Calculators

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 18-19
Longhorn Book III 21

THE MOLE

Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.
Number of moles in a substance.
Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.

Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.

Chart- table of molar masses of elements.
student book
Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

THE MOLE

Moles and Avogadro?s number.
Empirical Formula.
Molecular formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of particles in a given number of moles.

Review standard form of numbers.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Calculators.
student book
Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 3132
Longhorn
Book III
PP 30-31

THE MOLE

Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.
Preparation of molar solutions.
Calculators on molar solutions.
Dilution of solutions.
Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometric equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define concentration of a solution.
Find concentration of a solution in grams/litre and moles/litre.

Calculate molarity of a solution after dilution.

Q/A: - Equivalent ratios, e.g. 4g dissolved in 500cm? and
8g in 1 litre.
Worked examples on concentration of solutions.

Group experiments.
Calculations.

chart
student book
Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.
student book
CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 46-48

Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76-81

THE MOLE
Volumetric Analysis.
Volumetric Analysis.

Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.
Apparatus used in titration experiments.
Titration process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

Class experiments.

Problem solving.

student book
Pipettes
Burettes.
Indicators
Suitable acid and base.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Basicity of an acid.
Standardization of HCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

student book
Calculators.
Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Concentration of HCl.
Redox Titration Reactions.
Water of crystallization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To calculate concentration of HCl from experimental results.

Calculations & supervised practice.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)
Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Volumetric Analysis.

Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
Formula mass of a given salt.
Atomicity of gases.
Mass and volume of gases.
Molar gas volume.
Combining volumes of gases.
Gay Lussac?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To find formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
To define molar gas volume.

Calculations from experimental results.
Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

student book
Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76 -77
K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Isolation of nitrogen from air.
Industrial production of nitrogen.
Lab. preparation of nitrogen.
Physical and chemical properties of nitrogen. Uses of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Describe isolation of nitrogen from air.

Teacher demonstration, explanations and equations.

Aspirator, copper turnings, gas jar, combustion tube, trogh.
charts
Ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 134-135

Longhorn Book
P 186

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen (I) oxide. Lab preparation.
Properties and uses of Nitrogen (I) oxide.
Nitrogen (II) oxide. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe Nitrogen (I) oxide.

Teacher demonstration: -
Carry out tests on the gas.
Students record observations in a table.
Guided discussion.

Ammonium nitrate.
charts
Dil nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 139-141

Longhorn
Book III
PP 195-6

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of the gas.
Nitrogen (1V) oxide Lab preparation.
Properties of Nitrogen (IV) oxide.
Ammonia. Lab preparation of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (II) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (11) oxide

Q/A: Deductions from tests carried out.
Discussion of chemical properties and writing of equations.
Carry out a confirmatory test for the presence of the gas.

charts
Conc. nitric acid, copper turnings.
Ca(OH)2, NH4Cl Solutions, CaO, litmus papers..M THREE CHEMISTRY TERM TWO 20....

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 143

Longhorn
Book III
PP 192-200

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of ammonia.
Solubility of ammonia.
Reaction of ammonia with metal ions.
Ionic equations of above reactions.
Burning ammonia in the air.
Reaction of ammonia with copper (II) Oxide.
Haber process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of ammonia.
To write iIonic equations of above reactions.

Deduce physical properties from the observations above.
Discuss chemical properties from the observations above.
Write down chemical equations.

Discuss precipitation of metal hydroxides by aqueous ammonia.
Confirmatory tests for various concentrations.

charts
2 cm Solutions containing various metal ions.
charts
Conc. Ammonium solution
Hot platinum rod
Oxygen.
Granular CuCl2
Combustion tube,
Dry ammonia
U-tube
Gas jar.
Chart- schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 150
K.L.B. BK III
P.154

Longhorn BK III
P 223

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of ammonia.
Nitric acid. Lab preparation.
Nitric acid Industrial manufacture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down uses of ammonia.
To list down nitrogenous fertilizers.

Teacher elucidates uses of ammonia and nitrogenous fertilizers.

charts
Retort stand
Conc. H2SO4
KNO3
Chart
Schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 161

Longhorn
Book III
PP 126 -226

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.
Nitric acid and carbonates.
Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To write equations of reactions of dilute nitric acid with metals.

Class experiment:- making observations and recording them in a table.
Discuss the observations.
Write down equations for the reactions.

Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3
Metal hydroxides.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 165-166

Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.
Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.
Action of heat on nitrates.
Test for nitrates.
Nitrogen compounds and the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.

Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240