Nutrition in plants and animals

Digestive system in animals
Digestive system in animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the digestive system and its components
Draw and label the structure of the alimentary canal

Description drawing and labelling
Questions

Class notes
charts
Class notes
Chart

KLB Biology book one page 78

Nutrition in plants and animals

Food processing along the digestive tract

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the term ingestion, egestion and digestion
Name the regions where food digestion occurs along the digestive tract

Description
Questions and answers

Class notes

KLB Biology book one page
79

Nutrition in plants and animals

Digestion in the mouth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Distinguish between ingestion and mastication
Describe the mastication process
Describe the three pairs of the salivary glands in the mouth
Describe digestion process in the mouth
Define the term peristalsis
Illustrate diagrammatically peristalsis process

Description
Explanations
discussions

Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 79-80
Explore biology book one

Nutrition in plants and animals

Digestion in the stomach
Digestion in the duodenum
Emulsification of the fat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the digestion process in the stomach
Name the components of the gastric juice
Describe the role of the components of gastric juice in the food digestion

Describe what is emulsification
Explain the requirements in the test for the emulsification of the fat

Explanation
Description
Questions and answer
Observation and recording
Description
Explanation

Class notes
Class text book
Sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
Cooking oil, water, test tubes, ruler and measuring cylinder

KLB Biology book one page 80
Explore biology book one
Practical manual
KLB Biology book one page 81

Nutrition in plants and animals

Digestion in the ileum
Absorption

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the digestion process in the ileum
Name the four enzymes present in the succus entericus
Explain the role of the intestinal juice in food digestion in the ileum

Description
Explanation
Questions and answer

Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 81-82
Explore biology book one

Nutrition in plants and animals

Assimilation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe what happens in the caecum and appendix
Explain what is assimilation
Explain how different food types are assimilated or utilized in the body

Description
Explanation
Questions

Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 84

Nutrition in plants and animals

Vitamins
Mineral salts
Energy requirements in human beings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe what are vitamins
Explain the sources and uses of the given vitamins
Discuss the deficiency diseases associated with the lack of given vitamins

Describe the mineral salts and their role in the human body
Explain the given mineral salts elements and their sources
Give examples of the important mineral salts in the human body

Description
Explanation
Discussion
Description
Explanation
Questions and answers

Class notes
Class notes
Class text
Class notes

KLB Biology book one page 85-86
Explore biology book one
KLB Biology book one page 87
Explore biology book one

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction. Transport in plants Transport in simple plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define transport.

Explain importance of transport in plants and animals.
Describe transport in simple plants.

Q/A and discussion;
Discuss transport in simple animals and plants e.g. mosses.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 1

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

External structure of the root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate the external structure of the root to its function.

State primary functions of roots.

Class experiment- to examine a piece of a taproot.
Drawing and labeling a diagram of the taproot.
Discussion of adaptation of the root hairs to their functions.
Q/A: Functions of roots.

Tap root, bean / pea seedlings.

Petri-dish
Razor blade.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 1-2

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of the root.
Structure and functions of the stem.
Internal structure of the stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate the internal structure of a root to its functions.
To draw and label internal stem structures.

Drawing and labeling diagrams of sections of roots and root hairs for monocotyledon and dicotyledonous roots.
Discuss functions of the labeled parts.

Drawing and labeling transverse sections of stems.

Permanent slides of roots,
microscope, wallchart.
text book
Wall charts - Internal structure of the stem.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 2-4
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 5- 7

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Absorption of water and mineral salts.
Significance and types of Transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain processes through which water and mineral salts move through plants.

Discussion and Explanations.

Wall charts ?
Root hairs.
Internal structure of a leaf.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 7 - 9

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Factors affecting rate of transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting transpiration.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
Translocation of organic compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

To describe simple experiments to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.


Discuss above observations.
Draw graphs to show rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
Answer questions.

Wall charts-The xylem tissue.
text book
Chart - phloem tissue.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 18

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Charts- Circulatory systems.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Single and double circulatory systems.
The mammalian heart ? external structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems.

Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point.

Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.
Model of a heart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.
Pumping mechanism of the heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.
Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.
Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pulse rate.
Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Stopwatches.
Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.
Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport
To state the constituents of blood plasma.
To identify functions of plasma.

Discussion and explanations.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 32 - 33

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.
Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.
Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.


To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.
Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Blood smear, microscope.
Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.

Blood transfusion resource person.
text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31