INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Basic science concepts.
Basic aspects of Chemistry.
Definition of Chemistry & Role of Chemistry in the society. Lab safety rules.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate basic science concepts taught at primary level to Chemistry.


Define Chemistry.
Identify role of Chemistry in the society.
Identify careers related to Chemistry.
Recognise lab safety rules.

Brainstorming to review basic science concepts;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

Open discussion;
Probing questions.

TEXT BOOK
Mixtures,
Conductors & non conductors,
Drugs.






List of lab safety rules.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 1-3
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 5-6,16

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Apparatus used in Chemistry.
Apparatus used in Chemistry. (contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify apparatus used in Chemistry.

Observing real apparatus;
Drawing apparatus.

Common lab apparatus.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 6-9

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Measuring volume.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use some apparatus to measure volume.

Guided practical activities;
Filling in tables of values.

Specific apparatus for measuring volume.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 6-9

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Measuring mass.
Measuring time.
Measuring temperature.
Parts of a Bunsen burner.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Use some apparatus to measure mass.
Use some apparatus to measure temperature.

Measuring mass in kg, grams and mg.
Measuring temperature with an ordinary thermometer;
Measuring temperature after given time intervals.

Electronic, beam, ripple pan balances.
Stop watches.
Thermometers.
Bunsen burner.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 6-9

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Bunsen burner flames. - luminous flame.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State properties of a luminous flame.

Closing air hole of the burner;
Observing aluminous flame;
Drawing a luminous flame.

Bunsen burner.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 11-12

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Bunsen burner flames. - non-luminous flame.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between a luminous and non-luminous flame.
Identify zones of a non-luminous flame.

Opening air hole of the burner;
Observing luminous flame;
Drawing a non-luminous flame.

Bunsen burner.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 11-12

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

Heating effects of Bunsen flames.
Heating effect of a non-luminous flame.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the heating effects of luminous and non-luminous flames.

Identify the hottest part of a non-luminous flame.

Heating water using luminous and non-luminous flames;
Burning wooden splints, paper over the flames;
Discussion.
Guided practical activities;
Discussion based on observations made.

Bunsen flames, wooden splints,
Wire gauze, beakers.
wooden splints,
non-luminous flame, manilla papers.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 13-15
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 14-15

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Solid-solid mixture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Carry out simple experiments to separate a solid-solid mixture.

Class experiments;
Making solid-solid mixtures.
separating solid-solid mixtures.

Solid-solid mixture, e.g. Sodium chloride-iodine mixture.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 19-20

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Making solid-liquid mixtures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Mix solids with known volume of liquids.

Class experiments;
Making solid-liquid mixtures.

Test tubes, sugar, salt, potassium nitrate, propanone, oxalic acids, etc.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 19-20

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Separating solid-liquid mixtures.
Soluble solid-liquid mixture & insoluble solid-liquid mixture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out simple experiments to separate a solid-liquid mixture.
Carry out decantation and filtration.

Separating solid-liquid mixtures.
Class experiments; separating solid-liquid mixtures.

Test tubes, sugar, salt, potassium nitrate, propanone, oxalic acids, etc.
Water-sand mixture, salt solution, filter papers, funnel, beakers.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 19-20
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 22-24

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Crystallization.
Simple distillation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Obtain crystals from a solution.

Class experiments; growing crystals.
Brief discussion.

Waterbath, conc copper
(II) sulphate solution, evaporating dish.
Liebig sondenser, salt solution, round-bottomed flask, conical flask.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 22-24

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Liquid-liquid mixture -immiscible liquids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe an experiment o separate miscible liquids.

Questioning;
Exposition.

Water, ethanol, pipettes, droppers, separating funnel.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP28-29

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Fractional distillation.
Applications of fractional distillation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out fractional distillation.

Describe applications of fractional distillation.

Class experiments; separating liquid-liquid mixtures.
Discussion.
Questioning & discussion on extraction of;
-oils from nuts,
-dyes from plants,
-herbal medicine from plants.

Water, ethanol, fractionating column, liebig condenser, round-bottomed flask, conical flask.
Miscible liquids.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 28-29
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 30-32

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Separating coloured substances.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe chromatography as a method of separating coloured substances.

Obtain pigments from green leaves.
Guided activities.

Pestles, mortars.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 33-34

CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

Paper chromatography.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out paper chromatography.
Interpret paper chromatograms.

Paper chromatography tests.
Questioning on concentric and ascending chromatograms.

Pestles, motars,
Green leaves, propanone, filter paper.
Sample chromatograms.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 33-34

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES

Reversible processes.
Physical change

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Identify colour changes when some solids are heated.

Define a physical change.
State characteristics of a physical change.

Heat solid wax, zinc oxide, solid iodine;
Observe colour changes.
Q/A and discussion based on above observations.

Solid wax, zinc oxide, solid iodine.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 44

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES

Permanent chemical change.
Elements.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Investigate permanent chemical change.
State characteristics of a chemical change.

Heating hydrated copper (II) sulphate, copper (II) nitrate.
Observing colour changes;
Probing questions;
Discussion.

Hydrated copper (II) sulphate, copper (II) nitrate.
List of first
20 elements.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 44-45

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES

Compounds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a compound.
Give examples of compounds.

Exposition;
Brief discussion.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP 48- 49

TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT CHANGES
ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Chemical symbols.
Chemical equations.
Classification of substances as acidic, neutral or basic.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify chemical symbols for various elements.
Discuss broad classification of substances as acids bases or neutral.

Exposition;
Brief discussion.
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.

List of first
20 elements.
TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 49-50
K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 54

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Simple acid-base indicators.
Commercial indicators.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define an acid-base indicator.
Prepare acid-base indicator from flower extracts.

Group experiments;
Obtain flower extracts; Observe colour changes of extracts in given solutions.
Classify substances.

Red / blue flowers, pestle, mortar, propanone, teat pipette.
Phenolphthalene, litmus papers, methyl orange, HCl. NaoH, lemon juice, soap, toothpaste, calcium hydroxide,etc.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 54--56

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Universal indicators and pH.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine strength of acids / bases using universal indicators and pH scale.

Exposition,
Find pH values of various substances.

Phenolphthalene, litmus papers, methyl orange, HCl. NaoH,lemon juice, soap, toothpaste, calcium hydroxide.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 58--59

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Reaction of acids with metals.
Reaction of acids with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Reaction of acids with hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reactions of acids with metals.
Describe reaction of acids with hydrogen carbonates.

T/demonstration; reaction of dilute acids with metals.
Discuss based on observation made.
Make solutions.

Standard experiments; observe colour changes;
Discuss results.
Write chemical equations.

Dil HCl,
zinc dranules,
magnesium.
Carbonates of calcium, copper, sodium.
Hydrogen carbonates.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 58-59
K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 62-63

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Reaction of acids with bases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reaction of acids with bases.

Discuss properties of acids and bases.
Write chemical equations.

Metal oxides and acids.

K.L.B.
BOOK I
PP. 63-65

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Effects and uses of acids and bases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of acids / bases on the environment.
State uses of acids / bases.

Open discussion;
Q/A and exposition of uses of acids / bases.

TEXT BOOK

K.L.B.
BOOK I
P. 66