TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction. Transport in plants Transport in simple plants.
External structure of the root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define transport.

Explain importance of transport in plants and animals.
Describe transport in simple plants.
Relate the external structure of the root to its function.

State primary functions of roots.

Q/A and discussion;
Discuss transport in simple animals and plants e.g. mosses.

Class experiment- to examine a piece of a taproot.
Drawing and labeling a diagram of the taproot.
Discussion of adaptation of the root hairs to their functions.
Q/A: Functions of roots.

text book
Tap root, bean / pea seedlings.

Petri-dish
Razor blade.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 1
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 1-2

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of the root.
Structure and functions of the stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Relate the internal structure of a root to its functions.

Drawing and labeling diagrams of sections of roots and root hairs for monocotyledon and dicotyledonous roots.
Discuss functions of the labeled parts.

Permanent slides of roots,
microscope, wallchart.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 2-4

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of the stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label internal stem structures.

Drawing and labeling transverse sections of stems.

Wall charts - Internal structure of the stem.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 5- 7

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Absorption of water and mineral salts.
Significance and types of Transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain processes through which water and mineral salts move through plants.

To explain significance of transpiration.
To state and explain types of transpiration.

Discussion and Explanations.
Probing questions,
Discussion,
Explanations.

Wall charts ?
Root hairs.
Wall charts ?
Internal structure of a leaf.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 7 - 9
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 9-10, 12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Factors affecting rate of transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting transpiration.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 12- 14

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.

Wall charts-The xylem tissue.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Translocation of organic compounds.
Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue.



To differentiate between open and closed circulatory systems.

To discuss open circulatory system in insects.

Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue.
Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.




Exposition and discussion.

Drawing and labeling diagrams.

Chart - phloem tissue.



Charts- Circulatory systems.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18 - 19

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between single and double circulatory systems.

Exposition and discussion.
Tracing the path followed by blood from a point and back to the same point.

Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 18-20

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.

Model of a heart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of mammalian heart.
Pumping mechanism of the heart.
Pulse rate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw compartments of the heart and label major parts.
Explain the origin of pulse.
Explain effect of exercise on pulse rate.

Drawing and labeling a diagram of a mammalian heart.
Record number of pulses before and after an exercise.
Brief discussion.

Model of a heart, wallcharts.
Stopwatches.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 22 -23
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of arteries.

To identify major arteries in the circulatory system.

Discussion
Drawing and labeling internal structure of an artery.

Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 25

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Capillaries.
Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Composition of blood. The plasma.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of capillaries.
To explain the role of capillaries in transport
To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Discussion and explanations.

Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 25-26
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the functions of red blood cells.
To explain the functions of haemoglobin in r.b.c.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 33 - 34

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Platelets.
Blood clotting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of platelets.
To state functions of platelets.
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Detailed discussion and explanations.
Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

text book
Blood smear, microscope.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 35
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify the four blood groups.
To identify compatible blood groups.

Completing a table of blood groups and the corresponding antigens and antibodies present.

Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Blood transfusion resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the Rhesus factor and its significance.

Review blood groups, antigens and antibodies.
Exposition, discussion and explanations.

text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 38

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.
Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.


Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.
Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe and explain the mechanism of opening & closing of stomata.

Detailed discussion.

text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.
Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

text book
Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.

Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.

Discussion and explanations.

Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70