TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction. Transport in plants Transport in simple plants.
External structure of the root.
Internal structure of the root.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define transport.

Explain importance of transport in plants and animals.
Describe transport in simple plants.
Relate the external structure of the root to its function.

State primary functions of roots.

Q/A and discussion;
Discuss transport in simple animals and plants e.g. mosses.

Class experiment- to examine a piece of a taproot.
Drawing and labeling a diagram of the taproot.
Discussion of adaptation of the root hairs to their functions.
Q/A: Functions of roots.

text book
Tap root, bean / pea seedlings.
Petri-dish
Razor blade.
Permanent slides of roots,
microscope, wallchart.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 1
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 1-2

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Structure and functions of the stem.
Internal structure of the stem.
Absorption of water and mineral salts.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe structural organization of stems.
To state primary functions of the stem.

Observing permanent stem slides under a microscope.

Detailed discussion.

text book
Wall charts - Internal structure of the stem.
Wall charts ?
Root hairs.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 5

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Significance and types of Transpiration.
Factors affecting rate of transpiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain significance of transpiration.
To state and explain types of transpiration.

Probing questions,
Discussion,
Explanations.

Wall charts ?
Internal structure of a leaf.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 9-10, 12

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The Xylem tissue. Forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.
Rates of transpiration on leaf surfaces.
Translocation of organic compounds.
Transport in Animals. Open and closed circulatory systems. Open circulatory system in insects.
Single and double circulatory systems.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of xylem tissue.

To explain the forces involved in transport of water and mineral salts.

To define translocation.
To describe the structure of phloem tissue.

Q/A:
Discussion
Explanations
Drawing diagrams.


Q/A: To review photosynthesis.
Discussion and explanations of structure of phloem tissue.
Drawing and labeling phloem tissue.

Wall charts-The xylem tissue.
text book
Chart - phloem tissue.
Charts- Circulatory systems.
Chart- Mammalian double circulation system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 10-12
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 17

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The mammalian heart ? external structure.
Internal structure of mammalian heart.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of the heart.

Exposition; Identifying compartments of the heart.

Model of a heart.
Model of a heart, wallcharts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 21 - 22

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pumping mechanism of the heart.
Pulse rate.
Structure of arteries. Major arteries.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart movements.

Discussion and Explanations.
Experiment- To investigate pulse rate at the wrist.

Stopwatches.
Chart- cross-section of an artery.
Chart-circulatory system.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 23 - 24

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Veins.
Capillaries.
Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Composition of blood. The plasma.
Red blood cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of veins.
To explain the need for valves in veins.
To state differences between veins and arteries.


To discuss various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.

Drawing and labeling diagram of an artery.
Discussion and explanations.


Discussion of various diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
Suggest methods of prevention and control.

Chart-
cross-sections of major blood vessels in the body.
text book
text book
Wall charts.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 27-29
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 31 - 32

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

White blood cells.
Platelets.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure of white blood cells.
To state functions of white blood cells.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 34 - 35

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Blood clotting.
Blood groups, Antigens and antibodies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the blood clotting process.

To explain importance of blood clotting.

Exposition of new concepts.
Detailed discussion.

Blood smear, microscope.
Chart-
blood groups, antigens and antibodies.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 36

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
GASEOUS EXCHANGE
GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Blood transfusion.
The Rhesus factor.
Lymph.
Immune responses.
Allergic reactions.
Organ transplant.
Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.
Release of CO2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define blood transfusion.
To identify compatible blood groups.
To identify the universal donor and universal recipient.

To identify organs that are normally transplanted.

Q/A: Identifying compatible blood groups.
Open discussion.
Completing a table of compatible blood groups.
Q/A: Organs transplanted.

Superficial discussion.

Topic review.

Blood transfusion resource person.
text book
Chart- the lymphatic system.
Chart- Diseases that children are immunized against;
Resource person.
text book
Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
Pages 30 - 31
K.L.B. BOOK 2
Page 43

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of O2 by plants.
Stomata.
Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.
text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.
Exhalation.
Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.



Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.
text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.
Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Rate of breathing in man.
Intercostal muscles.
Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Discussion and explanations.

text book
Lime water, rib cage model.
Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION

Diseases of the respiratory system.
Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.
Burning food.
The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.
text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Oxygen ?debt?.
Applications of anaerobic respiration.
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.
The mammalian skin.
The lungs.
The kidneys structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.

Probing questions.

Detailed discussion.

text book
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.
Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.
Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.

K.L.B. BK 2
P.78
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 86-87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The nephron.
Urine formation.
The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.
The Liver.
Deamination.
Other functions of the liver.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the nephron.

Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.

Chart?Kidney nephron.
chart
Chart-
The nephron.
text book
Chart-Structure of the liver

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.
The feedback mechanism.
The hypothalamus.
The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.
Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.
Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name and discuss kidney disorders.
To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.

Exposition and discussion.

text book
Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism
text book,video

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 96-97