Numbers

Integers - Addition of Integers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Perform basic operations on integers in different situations;
Work out combined operations on integers in different situations;
Appreciate the use of integers in real life situations.

Discuss and work out basic operations on integers using number cards and charts.
Play games involving numbers and operations.
Pick integers and perform basic operations.

How do we carry out operations of integers in real life situations?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 1.
Number cards.
Charts with basic operations on integers.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Observation.

Numbers

Integers - Subtraction of Integers
Integers - Multiplication of Integers
Integers - Division of Integers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Perform basic operations on integers in different situations;
Work out combined operations on integers in different situations;
Apply integers to real life situations.

Discuss and work out subtraction of integers using number cards.
Solve real-life problems involving subtraction of integers.
Identify operations involving subtraction of integers in daily activities.

How do we apply integers in daily activities?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 2.
Number cards.
Charts with subtraction operations.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 3.
Charts showing patterns of multiplication of integers.
Multiplication tables.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 4.
Division tables.
Worksheets with division problems.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Class assignment.

Numbers

Integers - Combined Operations on Integers
Cubes and Cube Roots - Working out Cubes of Numbers by Multiplication
Cubes and Cube Roots - Determining Cubes from Mathematical Tables
Cubes and Cube Roots - Cubes of Numbers Greater Than 10

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Work out combined operations on integers in the correct order;
Apply combined operations on integers to real life situations;
Appreciate the importance of order of operations.

Work out combined operations of integers in the correct order.
Solve real-life problems involving combined operations.
Use IT resources to practice operations on integers.

How do we carry out operations of integers in real life situations?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 5.
Calculators.
Computers with mathematical software.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 8.
Small cubes.
Charts showing cubes of numbers.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 11.
Mathematical tables.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 12.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Project work.

Numbers

Cubes and Cube Roots - Cubes of Numbers Less Than 1
Cubes and Cube Roots - Determining Cube Roots by Factor Method
Cubes and Cube Roots - Determining Cube Roots from Mathematical Tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine cubes of numbers less than 1 using mathematical tables;
Apply cube calculations to real life situations;
Show interest in working with decimal numbers.

Discuss the concept of cubes of numbers less than 1.
Use mathematical tables to find cubes of decimal numbers.
Solve problems involving cubes of decimal numbers.

How do we work out the cubes of numbers?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 13.
Mathematical tables.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 15.
Cubes of different sizes.
Factor trees.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 16.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Assignment.

Numbers

Cubes and Cube Roots - Cube Roots of Numbers Greater Than 1000
Cubes and Cube Roots - Cube Roots of Numbers Between 0 and 1
Cubes and Cube Roots - Using a Calculator for Cubes and Cube Roots

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine cube roots of numbers greater than 1000 using mathematical tables;
Apply cube root calculations to real life situations;
Appreciate mathematical tables as tools for calculation.

Discuss the concept of cube roots of numbers greater than 1000.
Use mathematical tables to find cube roots of large numbers.
Solve problems involving cube roots of large numbers.

How do we work out the cube roots of numbers?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 17.
Mathematical tables.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 18.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 19.
Computers with mathematical software.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Group presentation.

Numbers

Cubes and Cube Roots - Application of Cubes and Cube Roots
Indices and Logarithms - Expressing Numbers in Index Form
Indices and Logarithms - Laws of Indices: Multiplication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Apply cubes and cube roots in real life situations;
Solve problems involving cubes and cube roots;
Appreciate the relevance of cubes and cube roots in everyday life.

Discuss applications of cubes and cube roots in real life.
Solve real-life problems involving cubes and cube roots.
Create projects demonstrating applications of cubes and cube roots.

Where do we apply cubes and cube roots in real life situations?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 21.
Real-life objects with cubic shapes.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 26.
Charts showing numbers in index form.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 28.
Charts showing laws of indices.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Project work.

Numbers

Indices and Logarithms - Laws of Indices: Division
Indices and Logarithms - Laws of Indices: Power of a Power
Indices and Logarithms - Powers of 10 and Common Logarithms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Generate the laws of indices for division;
Apply the laws of indices in different situations;
Show interest in using laws of indices for calculation.

Show the laws of indices using division.
Use the laws of indices to work out problems.
Simplify expressions using division law of indices.

How do we express numbers in powers?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 29.
Charts showing laws of indices.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 30.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 33.
Mathematical tables.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Group work.

Numbers

Indices and Logarithms - Using IT for Indices and Logarithms
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Introduction to Proportions
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Dividing Quantities into Proportional Parts
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Direct Proportion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Use IT to learn more on indices and common logarithms;
Apply indices and logarithms to real life situations;
Appreciate use of technology in learning mathematics.

Use IT to work out common logarithms.
Use mathematical software to explore indices and logarithms.
Create digital presentations on applications of indices and logarithms.

How do we express numbers in powers?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 34.
Computers with mathematical software.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 35.
Charts showing proportional relationships.
Real-life examples of proportions.
Counters (bottle tops, small stones).
Charts showing proportional division.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 36.
Charts showing direct proportion.
Graphs of direct proportion.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Digital project.

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Inverse Proportion
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Relating Different Ratios
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Working Out Compound Proportions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify inverse proportional relationships;
Solve problems involving inverse proportion;
Appreciate the difference between direct and inverse proportion.

Discuss inverse proportion with real-life examples.
Identify the characteristics of inverse proportion.
Solve problems involving inverse proportion.

What are proportions?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 36.
Charts showing inverse proportion.
Graphs of inverse proportion.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 37.
Charts showing different ratios.
Real-life examples of ratio comparison.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 39.
Charts showing compound proportions.
Calculators.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Assignment.

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Solving Problems Using Compound Proportions
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Introduction to Rates of Work
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Calculating Rates of Work

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Apply compound proportions to solve complex real-life problems;
Develop strategies for solving compound proportion problems;
Show interest in the versatility of proportional reasoning.

Work out complex problems involving compound proportions.
Develop step-by-step approach to solving compound proportion problems.
Apply proportional reasoning to real-life scenarios.

Why do we work fast?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 39.
Worksheets with compound proportion problems.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 40.
Charts showing rates of work.
Real-life examples of work rates.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Group presentation.

Numbers

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Combined Rates of Work
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Rates of Work and Time
Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Rates of Work and Output

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Calculate combined rates of work when multiple workers or machines work together;
Apply rates of work to real life situations;
Appreciate cooperation and teamwork in accomplishing tasks.

Work out combined rates of work.
Solve problems involving tasks completed by multiple workers.
Discuss real-life scenarios involving combined rates of work.

Why do we work fast?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 41.
Charts showing combined rates of work.
Calculators.
Worksheets with time and rate problems.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 42.
Charts showing productivity and rates.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Assignment.

Numbers
Algebra
Algebra
Algebra

Compound Proportions and Rates of Work - Using IT for Rates of Work
Matrices - Identifying a Matrix
Matrices - Determining the Order of a Matrix
Matrices - Determining the Position of Items in a Matrix

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Use IT devices to learn more on compound proportions and rates of work;
Apply compound proportions and rates of work to real life situations;
Appreciate use of technology in learning mathematics.

Play games on rates of work using IT devices.
Use spreadsheets to calculate and analyze rates of work.
Create digital presentations on applications of rates of work.

Why do we work fast?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 42.
Computers with spreadsheet software.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 43.
Charts showing tables and matrices.
Real-life examples of tables.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 45.
Paper cards for creating matrices.
Worksheets with various matrices.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 46.
Paper cards labeled with letters or numbers.
Charts showing element positions.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Digital project.

Algebra

Matrices - Determining Compatibility for Addition
Matrices - Determining Compatibility for Subtraction
Matrices - Addition of Matrices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine compatibility of matrices for addition;
Identify matrices of the same order;
Show interest in mathematical conditions for operations.

Discuss and identify matrices with equal numbers of rows and columns.
Compare orders of different matrices.
Determine which matrices can be added together.

How do we use matrices in real life situations?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 47.
Charts showing matrices of various orders.
Worksheets with matrices.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 49.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 51.
Charts showing addition of matrices.
Calculators.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Assignment.

Algebra

Matrices - Subtraction of Matrices
Matrices - Application of Matrices
Equations of Straight Lines - Introduction to Gradient

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Carry out subtraction of matrices in real life situations;
Subtract corresponding elements in compatible matrices;
Appreciate the use of matrices in data analysis.

Subtract matrices by subtracting corresponding elements.
Solve real-life problems involving subtraction of matrices.
Discuss what is represented by rows and columns when subtracting matrices.

How do we use matrices in real life situations?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 54.
Charts showing subtraction of matrices.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 57.
Real-life data that can be represented in matrices.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 58.
Pictures of hills and slopes.
Charts showing different gradients.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Group presentation.

Algebra

Equations of Straight Lines - Identifying the Gradient
Equations of Straight Lines - Measuring Gradient
Equations of Straight Lines - Gradient from Two Known Points

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the gradient in real life situations;
Compare different gradients;
Show interest in measuring steepness in real-life objects.

Incline objects at different positions to demonstrate gradient.
Compare different gradients and identify steeper slopes.
Relate gradient to real-life applications.

How do we use gradient or steepness in our daily activities?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 58.
Ladders or sticks for demonstrating gradients.
Pictures of hills and slopes.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 59.
Rulers and measuring tapes.
Inclined objects for measurement.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 60.
Graph paper.
Rulers and protractors.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Practical activity.

Algebra

Equations of Straight Lines - Positive and Negative Gradients
Equations of Straight Lines - Zero and Undefined Gradients
Equations of Straight Lines - Equation from Two Points

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Distinguish between positive and negative gradients;
Interpret the meaning of gradient sign;
Appreciate the visual representation of gradient sign.

Draw lines with positive and negative gradients.
Compare the direction of lines with different gradient signs.
Interpret the meaning of positive and negative gradients in real-life contexts.

How do we use gradient or steepness in our daily activities?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 61.
Graph paper.
Charts showing lines with different gradients.
Charts showing horizontal and vertical lines.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 62.
Calculators.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Group activity.

Algebra

Equations of Straight Lines - Deriving the Equation from Two Points
Equations of Straight Lines - Equation from a Point and Gradient
Equations of Straight Lines - Express Equation in Form y = mx + c
Equations of Straight Lines - Interpreting y = mx + c

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Derive the equation of a line step-by-step from two points;
Apply algebraic manipulation to derive the equation;
Show interest in mathematical derivations.

Derive step-by-step the equation of a line from two points.
Apply algebraic manipulation to simplify the equation.
Verify the derived equation using the given points.

How do we use gradient or steepness in our daily activities?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 63.
Graph paper.
Worksheets with coordinate points.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 64.
Calculators.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 65.
Charts showing line equations.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 67.
Charts showing lines with different gradients.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Assignment.

Algebra

Equations of Straight Lines - Graphing Lines from Equations
Equations of Straight Lines - x and y Intercepts
Equations of Straight Lines - Using Intercepts to Graph Lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Draw graphs of straight lines from their equations;
Use the gradient and y-intercept to plot lines;
Appreciate the visual representation of equations.

Generate tables of values from line equations.
Plot points and draw lines from the equations.
Compare lines with different gradients and y-intercepts.

How do we use gradient or steepness in our daily activities?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 68.
Graph paper.
Rulers.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 70.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 71.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Practical activity.

Algebra

Equations of Straight Lines - Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Equations of Straight Lines - Real Life Applications
Linear Inequalities - Introduction to Inequalities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify parallel and perpendicular lines from their equations;
Determine the relationship between gradients of parallel and perpendicular lines;
Appreciate geometric relationships in algebraic form.

Discuss the gradient relationship in parallel and perpendicular lines.
Draw parallel and perpendicular lines on graph paper.
Solve problems involving parallel and perpendicular lines.

How do we use gradient or steepness in our daily activities?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 71.
Graph paper.
Rulers and protractors.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 72.
Real-life data that can be modeled using lines.
Computers with graphing software.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 75.
Charts showing inequality symbols.
Real-life examples of inequalities.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Group presentation.

Algebra

Linear Inequalities - Solving Linear Inequalities (Addition and Subtraction)
Linear Inequalities - Solving Linear Inequalities (Multiplication and Division)
Linear Inequalities - Solving Linear Inequalities (Combined Operations)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Solve linear inequalities in one unknown involving addition and subtraction;
Apply linear inequalities to real life situations;
Show interest in using inequalities to solve problems.

Form and work out inequalities in one unknown involving addition and subtraction.
Discuss the rules for solving inequalities.
Solve real-life problems using inequalities.

How do we represent linear inequalities in graphs?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 75.
Charts showing inequality symbols.
Number lines.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 76.
Charts showing inequality rules.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 77.
Worksheets with inequality problems.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Group activity.

Algebra
MEASUREMENTS

Linear Inequalities - Graphical Representation in One Unknown
Linear Inequalities - Graphical Representation in Two Unknowns
Area of a Pentagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Represent linear inequalities in one unknown graphically;
Use number lines to represent solutions;
Appreciate graphical representation as a way of visualizing solutions.

Generate a table of values for boundary lines.
Draw linear inequalities in one unknown on number lines.
Indicate regions that satisfy inequalities.

How do we represent linear inequalities in graphs?

Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 78.
Number lines.
Graph paper.
Top Scholar KLB Mathematics Learners Book Grade 9, page 79.
Rulers and protractors.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 87;
-Cut-outs of regular pentagons;
-Chart with diagrams of pentagons;
-Calculator;
-Ruler and protractor.

Oral questions. Written exercise. Practical activity.

MEASUREMENTS

Area of a Pentagon
Area of a Hexagon
Area of a Hexagon
Surface Area of Triangular and Rectangular-Based Prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the area of a regular pentagon when different measurements are given;
-Solve problems involving the height and side length of a pentagon;
-Interpret and solve word problems involving area of pentagons;
-Appreciate the use of geometry in calculating areas of pentagons.

In groups and individually, learners are guided to:
-Work out problems on area of pentagons with given side lengths;
-Calculate the area of pentagons where vertices are at a given distance from the center;
-Relate the height of triangles formed in a pentagon to the area;
-Solve practical problems involving area of pentagons.

How can we calculate the area of a pentagon in different situations?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 89;
-Pentagonal objects;
-Calculator;
-Worked examples on the board.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 90;
-Cut-outs of regular hexagons;
-Chart with diagrams of hexagons;
-Ruler and protractor;
-Calculator.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 91;
-Hexagonal objects;
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 94;
-Manila paper for making nets;
-Scissors;
-Rulers;
-Objects with triangular prism shapes;
-Glue.

-Written exercises; -Homework assignments; -Group work assessment; -Mathematical problem-solving tasks.

MEASUREMENTS

Surface Area of Triangular and Rectangular-Based Prisms
Surface Area of Triangular, Rectangular and Square-Based Pyramids
Surface Area of Triangular, Rectangular and Square-Based Pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a rectangular prism and identify its faces, edges, and vertices;
-Develop a net for a rectangular prism;
-Calculate the surface area of a rectangular prism using its net;
-Show interest in relating surface area to real-life applications.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Collect objects that are rectangular prisms;
-Draw and sketch nets of rectangular prisms;
-Measure dimensions of the faces on the nets;
-Calculate the area of each face and add to find the total surface area;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we determine the surface area of a rectangular prism?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 95;
-Manila paper for making nets;
-Scissors;
-Rulers;
-Objects with rectangular prism shapes (boxes);
-Glue.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 96;
-Objects with triangular pyramid shapes;
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 97;
-Objects with rectangular pyramid shapes;

-Observation of practical work; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Group work assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Area of a Sector and Segment of a Circle
Surface Area of a Cone in Real Life Situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define a sector of a circle;
-Calculate the area of a sector using the formula A = (θ/360°) × πr²;
-Relate angle at the center to the area of a sector;
-Show interest in calculating area of sectors.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Draw circles of different radii on paper;
-Mark points on the circumference to form sectors with different angles;
-Cut along radii and arc to form sectors;
-Measure angles at the center and calculate the area of sectors;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How does the angle at the center affect the area of a sector?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 99;
-Circular paper cut-outs;
-Protractors;
-Scissors;
-Rulers;
-Scientific calculators.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 101;
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 102;
-Conical objects (funnels, party hats);
-Glue.

-Observation of practical work; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Group work assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Surface Area of a Cone in Real Life Situations
Surface Area of a Sphere in Real Life Situations
Volume of Triangular and Rectangular-Based Prisms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the curved surface area of a cone using the formula A = πrl;
-Calculate the total surface area of a cone using the formula A = πr² + πrl;
-Solve problems involving surface area of cones;
-Appreciate the application of surface area in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Measure dimensions of cone models (radius and slant height);
-Calculate the curved surface area of cones;
-Calculate the total surface area of cones (closed cones);
-Solve problems involving surface area of cones in real-life contexts;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we calculate the surface area of a cone?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 103;
-Cone models;
-Rulers;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing formulas for surface area of cones.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 104;
-Spherical objects (balls, oranges);
-Measuring tape/rulers;
-Charts showing formulas for surface area of spheres.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 105;
-Triangular prism models;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of triangular prisms.

-Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment; -Peer assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Volume of Triangular and Rectangular-Based Prisms
Volume of Triangular, Rectangular and Square-Based Pyramids
Volume of Triangular, Rectangular and Square-Based Pyramids
Volume of a Cone in Real Life Situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify rectangular prisms/cuboids;
-Calculate the volume of a rectangular prism using the formula V = length × width × height;
-Solve problems involving volume of rectangular prisms;
-Appreciate the use of volume calculations in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Collect objects shaped like rectangular prisms;
-Measure the length, width, and height of rectangular prisms;
-Calculate the volume using the formula V = length × width × height;
-Solve practical problems involving volume of rectangular prisms;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we determine the volume of different solids?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 107;
-Rectangular prism models (boxes);
-Rulers;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of rectangular prisms.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 108;
-Triangular-based pyramid models;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of pyramids.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 109;
-Rectangular and square-based pyramid models;
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 110;
-Cone models;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of cones.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Volume of a Sphere in Real Life Situations
Volume of a Frustum in Real Life Situations
Volume of a Frustum in Real Life Situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify spheres and their properties;
-Calculate the volume of a sphere using the formula V = ⅘ × πr³;
-Solve problems involving volume of spheres;
-Develop interest in calculating volumes of spheres.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Identify and discuss models of spheres;
-Measure the radius of spherical objects;
-Calculate the volume using the formula V = ⅘ × πr³;
-Solve practical problems involving volume of spheres;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we determine the volume of a sphere?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 112;
-Spherical objects (balls);
-Measuring tape/rulers;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of spheres.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 113;
-Frustum models;
-Rulers;
-Charts showing formulas for volume of frustums.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 114;

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Instruments and Tools Used in Weighing
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Converting Units of Mass
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Relating Mass and Weight

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify different instruments and tools used in weighing;
-Describe the functions of various weighing instruments;
-Use weighing instruments correctly;
-Show interest in using weighing instruments.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Identify and discuss different types of balances used for weighing;
-Identify commonly used balances in their locality;
-Discuss what different weighing instruments are used for;
-Practice using weighing instruments to measure mass of objects;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

How do you weigh materials and objects?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 117;
-Different types of weighing instruments;
-Various objects to weigh;
-Charts showing different weighing instruments.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 118;
-Weighing instruments;
-Charts showing relationship between different units of mass.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 119;
-Spring balance;
-Digital devices for research.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Practical assessment; -Group presentations.

MEASUREMENTS

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Determining Mass, Volume and Density
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Determining Density of Objects
Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Determining Mass Given Volume and Density

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define density;
-Understand the relationship between mass, volume, and density;
-Calculate density using the formula D = m/V;
-Show genuine interest in determining density of various substances.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Measure the mass of different objects;
-Determine the volume of objects using water displacement method;
-Calculate the density of objects using the formula D = m/V;
-Complete a table with mass, volume, and density of different objects;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

How do we determine the density of an object?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 121;
-Weighing instruments;
-Measuring cylinders;
-Various objects (coins, stones, metal pieces);
-Water;
-Scientific calculators.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 122;
-Scientific calculators;
-Chart showing densities of common materials;
-Examples of applications of density in real life.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 123;

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Practical assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Mass, Volume, Weight and Density - Determining Volume Given Mass and Density
Time, Distance and Speed - Working Out Speed in Km/h and m/s
Time, Distance and Speed - Working Out Speed in Km/h and m/s

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Rearrange the density formula to find volume;
-Calculate volume given mass and density using the formula V = m/D;
-Solve problems involving mass, volume, and density;
-Develop genuine interest in applying density concepts to find volume.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Review the relationship between mass, volume, and density;
-Rearrange the formula D = m/V to find V = m/D;
-Calculate the volume of objects given their mass and density;
-Solve practical problems involving mass, volume, and density;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How can we determine the volume of an object if we know its mass and density?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 123;
-Scientific calculators;
-Chart showing densities of common materials;
-Examples of applications of density in real life.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 124;
-Stopwatch/timer;
-Measuring tape/rulers;
-Sports field or open area.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 125;
-Chart showing conversion between m/s and km/h;
-Examples of speeds of various objects and vehicles.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Working Out Average Speed in Real Life Situations
Time, Distance and Speed - Determining Velocity in Real Life Situations
Time, Distance and Speed - Working Out Acceleration in Real Life Situations
Time, Distance and Speed - Identifying Longitudes on the Globe

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define average speed;
-Calculate average speed over a journey;
-Solve problems involving average speed;
-Show interest in calculating average speed in real-life situations.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Discuss the concept of average speed;
-Record distance covered and time taken for a journey with varying speeds;
-Calculate average speed using the formula average speed = total distance/total time;
-Solve problems involving average speed in real-life contexts;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do we calculate the average speed of a journey?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 126;
-Scientific calculators;
-Chart showing examples of average speed calculations;
-Examples of journey scenarios with varying speeds.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 129;
-Stopwatch/timer;
-Measuring tape/rulers;
-Compass for directions.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 130;
-Chart showing examples of acceleration calculations;
-Examples of acceleration in real-life situations.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 131;
-Globe;
-World map showing longitudes;
-Digital devices for research;
-Charts showing the longitude system.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Relating Longitudes to Time on the Globe
Time, Distance and Speed - Determining Local Time of Places on Different Longitudes
Time, Distance and Speed - Determining Local Time of Places on Different Longitudes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Understand the relationship between longitudes and time;
-Calculate the time difference between places on different longitudes;
-Identify places with the same local time;
-Appreciate the importance of longitudes in determining time.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Discuss how the earth rotates 360° in 24 hours (15° per hour);
-Complete a table showing degrees of rotation for different time periods;
-Identify pairs of points on a globe that share the same local time;
-Understand that places on the same longitude have the same local time;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

How are longitudes related to time?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 133;
-Globe;
-World map showing time zones;
-Digital devices for research;
-Charts showing the relationship between longitudes and time.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 134;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing examples of local time calculations.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 136;
-World map showing time zones and the International Date Line;

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Group presentations.

MEASUREMENTS

Time, Distance and Speed - Determining Local Time of Places on Different Longitudes
Money - Identifying Currencies Used in Different Countries
Money - Converting Currency from One to Another in Real Life Situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of local time to solve various problems;
-Convert between 12-hour and 24-hour time formats;
-Solve real-world problems involving time zones;
-Show genuine interest in understanding global time.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Review calculations of local time at different longitudes;
-Convert between 12-hour (am/pm) and 24-hour time formats;
-Solve problems involving flight times, international calls, and global events;
-Use digital resources to explore current time in different parts of the world;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do time zones affect international communication and travel?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 137;
-Globe;
-World map showing time zones;
-Digital devices showing current time in different cities;
-Scientific calculators.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 138;
-Digital devices for research;
-Pictures/samples of different currencies;
-Manila paper or carton;
-Charts showing currencies and their countries.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 141;
-Exchange rate tables from newspapers or online sources;
-Scientific calculators;
-Digital devices for checking current exchange rates;
-Charts showing examples of currency conversions.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Project work on time zones.

MEASUREMENTS

Money - Converting Currency from One to Another in Real Life Situations
Money - Working Out Export Duties Charged on Goods
Money - Working Out Import Duties Charged on Goods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Convert Kenyan currency to foreign currency;
-Use exchange rate tables to convert currencies;
-Solve problems involving currency conversion;
-Show interest in understanding international currency exchange.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Review the concept of exchange rates;
-Understand that the selling rate is used when converting Kenyan Shillings to foreign currency;
-Convert Kenyan Shillings to various foreign currencies using the selling rate;
-Solve problems involving currency conversion;
-Discuss real-life situations where currency conversion is necessary;
-Discuss and share results with other groups.

How do exchange rates affect international trade?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 142;
-Exchange rate tables from newspapers or online sources;
-Scientific calculators;
-Digital devices for checking current exchange rates;
-Charts showing examples of currency conversions.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 143;
-Digital devices for research;
-Charts showing export duty rates;
-Examples of export scenarios.
-Charts showing import duty rates;
-Examples of import scenarios.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

MEASUREMENTS

Money - Working Out Excise Duty Charged on Goods
Money - Determining Value-Added Tax (VAT) Charged on Goods and Services
Approximations and Errors - Approximating Quantities in Measurements
Approximations and Errors - Determining Errors Using Estimations and Actual Measurements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define excise duty;
-Identify goods and services that attract excise duty;
-Calculate excise duty on goods and services;
-Show interest in understanding taxation systems.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Use digital devices to search for the meaning of excise duty;
-Research goods that attract excise duty;
-Research percentage of excise duty on goods and services;
-Calculate excise duty on various goods and services;
-Solve problems involving excise duty;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

What is excise duty and how is it different from other taxes?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 145;
-Digital devices for research;
-Scientific calculators;
-Charts showing excise duty rates;
-Examples of goods subject to excise duty.
-Supermarket receipts showing VAT;
-Charts showing VAT calculations.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 148;
-Measuring tapes/rulers;
-Various objects to measure;
-Charts showing conventional and arbitrary units;
-Open space for measuring with strides.
-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 149;
-Weighing scales/balances;
-Scientific calculators.

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Research presentation.

MEASUREMENTS
Geometry
Geometry

Approximations and Errors - Determining Percentage Errors Using Actual Measurements
Coordinates and Graphs - Plotting points on a Cartesian plane
Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing a straight line graph

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define percentage error;
-Calculate percentage error in measurements;
-Interpret the meaning of percentage error;
-Show interest in minimizing errors in measurements.

In groups, learners are guided to:
-Review the concept of error in measurements;
-Express error as a ratio of the actual value;
-Convert the ratio to a percentage to find percentage error;
-Calculate percentage error using the formula: Percentage Error = (Error/Actual Value) × 100%;
-Solve problems involving percentage error;
-Discuss and share findings with other groups.

Why is percentage error more useful than absolute error?

-Mathematics learners book grade 9 page 151;
-Measuring tapes/rulers;
-Various objects to measure;
-Weighing scales/balances;
-Scientific calculators.
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 154
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Pencils
-Charts with Cartesian plane
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 155
-Calculator
-Blackboard illustration

-Observation; -Oral questions; -Written exercises; -Problem-solving assessment.

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Completing tables for linear equations
Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing parallel lines
Coordinates and Graphs - Relating gradients of parallel lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Complete tables of values for different linear equations;
Plot points from completed tables on a Cartesian plane;
Enjoy drawing straight line graphs from tables of values.

Learners complete tables of values for given linear equations such as y=2x+3.
Learners plot the points on a Cartesian plane and join them using a straight edge to form a straight line graph.
Learners work in pairs to generate their own tables of values for different equations.

How do we use tables of values to draw straight line graphs?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 156
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Pencils
-Calculator
-Charts with prepared tables
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 157
-Set square
-Charts showing parallel lines
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 158
-Manila paper
-Digital devices (optional)

-Oral questions -Peer assessment -Written exercise -Checklist

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing perpendicular lines
Coordinates and Graphs - Relating gradients of perpendicular lines
Coordinates and Graphs - Applications of straight line graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Generate tables of values for perpendicular line equations;
Draw perpendicular lines on the Cartesian plane;
Enjoy identifying perpendicular lines from their equations.

Learners generate tables of values for equations such as y=2x+3 and y=-1/2x+4.
Learners draw the lines on the Cartesian plane and measure the angle at the point of intersection.
Learners discuss and share their findings with other groups.

How can you determine if two lines are perpendicular from their equations?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 159
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Protractor
-Set square
-Calculator
-Charts showing perpendicular lines
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 160
-Charts with examples of perpendicular lines
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 165
-Charts showing real-life applications
-Manila paper for presentations

-Oral questions -Observation -Written exercise -Checklist

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Compass directions
Scale Drawing - Compass bearings
Scale Drawing - True bearings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify compass and true bearings in real-life situations;
Draw and discuss the compass directions;
Appreciate the use of compass in navigation.

Learners carry out an activity outside the classroom where a member stands with hands spread out.
Learners draw a diagram showing the directions of the right hand, left hand, front, and back, labeling them in terms of North, South, East, and West.
Learners discuss situations where knowledge of compass direction is used.

How do we use compass directions to locate positions?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 168
-Magnetic compass
-Plain paper
-Colored pencils
-Charts showing compass directions
-Maps
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 170
-Protractor
-Ruler
-Charts showing compass bearings
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 171
-Charts showing true bearings
-Diagrams for tracing

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Observation

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Determining compass bearings
Scale Drawing - Determining true bearings
Scale Drawing - Locating points using compass bearing and distance
Scale Drawing - Locating points using true bearing and distance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine the bearing of one point from another;
Measure angles to determine compass bearings;
Enjoy determining bearings in different situations.

Learners consider a diagram showing points Q and R.
Learners find the angle between the North line and line QR.
Learners use the angle to write down the compass bearing of R from Q and discuss their results.

How do we determine the compass bearing of one point from another?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 173
-Protractor
-Ruler
-Plain paper
-Charts with bearing examples
-Manila paper for group work
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 175
-Worksheets with diagrams
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 178
-Drawing board
-Charts with examples
-Worksheets
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 182
-Manila paper for presentations

-Oral questions -Group work -Written exercise -Observation

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Angle of elevation
Scale Drawing - Determining angles of elevation
Scale Drawing - Angle of depression

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify angles of elevation in real-life situations;
Make and use a clinometer to measure angles of elevation;
Appreciate the application of angles of elevation in real-life situations.

Learners perform an activity outside the classroom where they stand next to a flag pole and mark points at eye level and above.
Learners observe how the line of sight forms an angle when looking at higher objects.
Learners make a clinometer and use it to measure angles of elevation of objects in the school environment.

What is an angle of elevation and how do we measure it?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 186
-Protractor
-String
-Weight (about 25g)
-Cardboard
-Straight piece of wood
-Charts showing angles of elevation
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 187
-Ruler
-Plain paper
-Drawing board
-Calculator
-Charts showing examples
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 190
-Clinometer (made in previous lesson)
-Weight
-Charts showing angles of depression
-Diagrams

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Project assessment

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Determining angles of depression
Scale Drawing - Application in simple surveying
Scale Drawing - Survey using bearings and distances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine angles of depression in different situations;
Use scale drawings to find angles of depression;
Enjoy solving problems involving angles of depression.

Learners consider a stationary boat (B) that is 120 m away from the foot (F) of a cliff of height 80 m.
Learners make a scale drawing showing the positions of A, F, and B using a scale of 1 cm represents 20 m.
Learners measure the angle between the horizontal line passing through A and line AB to find the angle of depression.

How can we use scale drawings to determine angles of depression?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 192
-Protractor
-Ruler
-Plain paper
-Drawing board
-Calculator
-Charts with examples
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 195
-Drawing paper
-Set square
-Pencil
-Field book (notebook)
-Charts with survey examples
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 199
-Field book

-Oral questions -Scale drawing -Written exercise -Assessment rubrics

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Complex surveying problems
Scale Drawing - Project work on scale drawing
Similarity and Enlargement - Similar figures and properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Solve complex surveying problems involving bearings and distances;
Create scale drawings of multiple points and features;
Show interest in scale drawing applications in real-life.

Learners study problems involving multiple points with bearings and distances between them.
Learners create scale drawings to determine unknown distances and bearings.
Learners discuss real-life applications of scale drawing in surveying and navigation.

How do we determine unknown distances and bearings using scale drawing?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 202
-Protractor
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-Calculator
-Maps
-Charts with examples
-Measuring tape
-Compass
-Colored pencils
-Manila paper
-Drawing instruments
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 203
-Cut-out shapes
-Charts showing similar figures

-Oral questions -Scale drawing -Written exercise -Assessment rubrics

Geometry

Similarity and Enlargement - Identifying similar objects
Similarity and Enlargement - Drawing similar figures
Similarity and Enlargement - Properties of enlargement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify similar objects in the environment;
Determine if given figures are similar;
Value the concept of similarity in everyday life.

Learners collect and classify objects according to similarity.
Learners identify pairs of similar figures from given diagrams.
Learners discuss real-life examples of similar objects and their properties.

How do we recognize similar objects in our environment?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 204
-Ruler
-Protractor
-Various geometric objects
-Charts with examples
-Worksheets with diagrams
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 206
-Pair of compasses
-Drawing paper
-Calculator
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 209
-Tracing paper
-Colored pencils
-Grid paper
-Charts showing enlargements
-Diagrams for tracing

-Oral questions -Group work -Written exercise -Observation

Geometry

Similarity and Enlargement - Negative scale factors
Similarity and Enlargement - Drawing images of objects
Similarity and Enlargement - Linear scale factor
Similarity and Enlargement - Using coordinates in enlargement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine properties of enlargement with negative scale factors;
Locate centers of enlargement with negative scale factors;
Appreciate the concept of negative scale factors in enlargements.

Learners trace diagrams showing an object and its image where the center of enlargement is between them.
Learners join corresponding points to locate the center of enlargement.
Learners find the ratio of distances from the center to corresponding points and note that the image is on the opposite side of the object.

What happens when an enlargement has a negative scale factor?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 211
-Ruler
-Tracing paper
-Grid paper
-Colored pencils
-Charts showing negative scale factor enlargements
-Diagrams for tracing
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 214
-Charts showing steps of enlargement
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 216
-Calculator
-Similar objects of different sizes
-Charts with examples
-Worksheets
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 218
-Charts with coordinate examples

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Checklist

Geometry

Similarity and Enlargement - Applications of similarity
Trigonometry - Angles and sides of right-angled triangles
Trigonometry - Sine ratio

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Apply similarity concepts to solve real-life problems;
Calculate heights and distances using similar triangles;
Value the practical applications of similarity in everyday life.

Learners solve problems involving similar triangles to find unknown heights and distances.
Learners discuss how similarity is used in fields such as architecture, photography, and engineering.
Learners work on practical applications of similarity in the environment.

How can we use similarity to solve real-life problems?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 219
-Ruler
-Calculator
-Drawing paper
-Charts with real-life applications
-Manila paper for presentations
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 220
-Protractor
-Set square
-Charts with labeled triangles
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 222
-Charts showing sine ratio
-Manila paper

-Oral questions -Problem-solving -Written exercise -Group presentation

Geometry

Trigonometry - Cosine ratio
Trigonometry - Tangent ratio
Trigonometry - Reading tables of sines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify cosine ratio from a right-angled triangle;
Calculate cosine of angles in right-angled triangles;
Enjoy solving problems involving cosine ratio.

Learners draw triangles with specific angles and sides.
Learners calculate ratios of adjacent side to hypotenuse for different angles and discover the cosine ratio.
Learners find the cosine of marked angles in various right-angled triangles.

What is the cosine of an angle and how do we calculate it?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 223
-Ruler
-Protractor
-Calculator
-Drawing paper
-Charts showing cosine ratio
-Worksheets
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 225
-Charts showing tangent ratio
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 227
-Mathematical tables
-Chart showing how to read tables
-Sample exercises

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Observation

Geometry

Trigonometry - Reading tables of cosines and tangents
Trigonometry - Using calculators for trigonometric ratios
Trigonometry - Calculating lengths using trigonometric ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Read tables of cosines and tangents for acute angles;
Find cosine and tangent values using mathematical tables;
Enjoy using mathematical tables to find trigonometric ratios.

Learners study parts of the tables of cosines and tangents.
Learners use the tables to find cosine and tangent values of specific angles.
Learners find values of angles with decimal parts using the 'SUBTRACT' column for cosines and 'ADD' column for tangents.

How do we use mathematical tables to find cosine and tangent values?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 229-231
-Mathematical tables
-Calculator
-Worksheets
-Chart showing how to read tables
-Sample exercises
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 233
-Scientific calculators
-Chart showing calculator keys
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 234
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-Charts with examples

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Observation

Geometry

Trigonometry - Calculating angles using trigonometric ratios
Trigonometry - Application in heights and distances
Trigonometry - Application in navigation
Trigonometry - Review and mixed applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Use trigonometric ratios to calculate angles in right-angled triangles;
Apply inverse trigonometric functions to find angles;
Enjoy solving problems involving trigonometric ratios.

Learners consider right-angled triangles with known sides.
Learners calculate trigonometric ratios using the known sides and use tables or calculators to find the corresponding angles.
Learners solve problems involving finding angles in right-angled triangles.

How do we find unknown angles in right-angled triangles using trigonometric ratios?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 235
-Scientific calculators
-Mathematical tables
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-Charts with examples
-Worksheets
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 237
-Charts with real-life examples
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 238
-Protractor
-Maps
-Charts with navigation examples
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 240
-Past examination questions

-Oral questions -Group work -Written exercise -Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Interpretation - Appropriate class width
Data Interpretation - Finding range and creating groups
Data Interpretation - Frequency distribution tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine appropriate class width for grouping data;
Work with data to establish suitable class widths;
Appreciate the importance of appropriate class widths in data representation.

Learners work in groups to consider masses of 40 people in kilograms.
Learners find the difference between the smallest and highest mass (range).
Learners group the masses in smaller groups with different class widths and identify the number of groups formed in each case.

How do we determine an appropriate class width for a given set of data?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 244
-Calculator
-Graph paper
-Manila paper
-Rulers
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 245
-Data sets
-Chart with examples
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 247
-Chart paper
-Ruler

-Oral questions -Group presentations -Written exercise -Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Interpretation - Creating frequency tables with different class intervals
Data Interpretation - Modal class
Data Interpretation - Mean of ungrouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct frequency tables starting with different class intervals;
Use tally marks to represent data in frequency tables;
Appreciate the use of different class intervals in data representation.

Learners construct a frequency table for given data starting from the class interval 60-64.
Learners use tally marks to count frequency of data in each class.
Learners compare and discuss different frequency tables.

How do we choose appropriate starting points for class intervals?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 247
-Calculator
-Ruler
-Graph paper
-Manila paper
-Worksheets with data
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 248
-Chart showing frequency distribution tables
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 249
-Chart showing frequency tables
-Worksheets

-Oral questions -Written exercise -Group presentations -Observation

Data Handling and Probability

Data Interpretation - Mean of grouped data
Data Interpretation - Mean calculation in real-life situations
Data Interpretation - Median of grouped data

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Calculate the mean of grouped data;
Find the midpoint of class intervals and use in calculations;
Value the importance of mean in summarizing data.

Learners consider a frequency distribution table representing masses in kilograms of learners in a class.
Learners complete a table by finding midpoints of class intervals and calculating fx.
Learners find the sum of frequencies, sum of fx, and divide to find the mean.

How do we calculate the mean of grouped data?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 250
-Calculator
-Graph paper
-Manila paper
-Chart with examples
-Worksheets
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 251
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 252
-Chart showing cumulative frequency tables

-Oral questions -Written exercise -Group presentations -Checklist

Data Handling and Probability

Data Interpretation - Calculating median using formula
Data Interpretation - Median calculations in real-life situations
Probability - Equally likely outcomes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Apply the formula for calculating median of grouped data;
Identify class boundaries, frequencies, and cumulative frequencies;
Show interest in finding median from real-life data.

Learners consider marks scored by 40 learners in a test presented in a table.
Learners complete the column for cumulative frequency and identify the median class.
Learners identify the lower class boundary, cumulative frequency above median class, class width, and frequency of median class to substitute in the formula.

How do we use the formula to calculate the median of grouped data?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 253
-Calculator
-Graph paper
-Chart showing median formula
-Worksheets
-Manila paper
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 254
-Chart with example calculations
-Worksheets with real-life data
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 256
-Coins
-Chart paper
-Table for recording outcomes

-Oral questions -Written exercise -Group work assessment -Assessment rubrics

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Range of probability
Probability - Complementary events
Probability - Mutually exclusive events
Probability - Experiments with mutually exclusive events

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine the range of probability of an event;
Understand that probability ranges from 0 to 1;
Value the concept of probability range in real-life situations.

Learners use a fair die in this activity and toss it 20 times.
Learners record the number of times each face shows up and calculate relative frequencies.
Learners find the sum of the fractions and discuss that probabilities range from 0 to 1.

What is the range of probability values and what do these values signify?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 257
-Dice
-Table for recording outcomes
-Chart showing probability scale (0-1)
-Manila paper
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 258
-Calculator
-Chart showing complementary events
-Worksheets with problems
-Coins
-Chart with examples of mutually exclusive events
-Flashcards with different scenarios
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 259
-Colored objects in boxes
-Chart showing probability calculations

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Written exercise -Group presentations

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Independent events
Probability - Calculating probabilities of independent events
Probability - Tree diagrams for single outcomes
Probability - Complex tree diagrams
Probability - Complex tree diagrams

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Perform experiments involving independent events;
Understand that outcome of one event doesn't affect another;
Show interest in applying independent events probability in real-life.

Learners toss a fair coin and a fair die at the same time and record outcomes.
Learners repeat the experiment several times.
Learners discuss that the outcome of the coin toss doesn't affect the outcome of the die roll (independence).

What makes events independent from each other?

-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 260
-Coins and dice
-Table for recording outcomes
-Chart showing examples of independent events
-Manila paper
-Colored markers
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 261
-Calculator
-Chart showing multiplication rule
-Worksheets with problems
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 262
-Chart paper
-Ruler
-Worksheets with blank tree diagrams
-Chart showing completed tree diagrams
-KLB Mathematics Grade 9 Textbook page 263
-Chart showing complex tree diagrams

-Oral questions -Practical activity -Group discussions -Observation