FARM STRUCTURES

Planning and Siting Farm Structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors considered when planning farm structures. State factors considered when siting farm structures. Describe site preparation procedures. Discuss relationship between structures.

Brain storming on farm structure importance. Discussion on planning factors. Exposition of siting factors. Question and answer on site preparation.

Charts on farm structures. Planning factor lists. Site requirement guides. Pictures of different farm structures.

KLB BK III Pgs 83-84

FARM STRUCTURES

Types of Construction Materials
Construction Materials - Stones, Concrete and Mud Blocks
Construction Materials - Metals, Timber and Treatment
Parts of a Building - Foundation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of construction materials. State advantages and disadvantages of different materials. Explain selection criteria for materials. Describe properties of construction materials.

Discussion on material types. Exposition of material properties. Brief discussion on selection criteria. Question and answer on material advantages.

Samples of construction materials. Material comparison charts. Property demonstration materials. Cost comparison tables.
Stone samples. Concrete block examples. Mud block samples. Ratio calculation charts.
Metal construction samples. Timber treatment charts. Chemical treatment procedure guides. Before and after treatment examples.
Foundation diagrams. Construction procedure charts. Foundation material samples. Cross-section illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 84-88

FARM STRUCTURES

Parts of a Building - Walls and Roof
Livestock Structures - Crushes
Livestock Structures - Plunge Dips
Livestock Structures - Machakos Dips and Spray Race

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of building walls. Describe wall construction procedures. Explain roof structure components. State functions of different roof parts.

Discussion on wall construction. Exposition of roof components. Brief discussion on construction techniques. Question and answer on structural functions.

Wall construction diagrams. Roof structure charts. Building component illustrations. Construction tool pictures.
Crush design diagrams. Livestock management charts. Construction material lists. Maintenance procedure guides.
Plunge dip diagrams. Component identification charts. Material requirement lists. Maintenance schedule examples.
Dip comparison charts. Spray race diagrams. Component identification guides. Operational procedure charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 89-93

FARM STRUCTURES

Livestock Structures - Dairy Sheds and Zero Grazing Units
Livestock Structures - Calf Pens
Poultry Houses
Piggery Units and Rabbitry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of milking shed. Describe zero grazing unit components. State structural requirements for dairy facilities. Explain maintenance needs for dairy structures.

Brain storming on dairy facility needs. Discussion on structural components. Exposition of maintenance requirements. Brief discussion on facility design.

Dairy shed layout diagrams. Zero grazing unit charts. Component identification guides. Maintenance requirement lists.
Calf pen design diagrams. Structural requirement charts. Design variation illustrations. Maintenance procedure guides.
Poultry house design charts. Structural requirement guides. Material specification lists. Ventilation system diagrams.
Piggery layout diagrams. Rabbit housing charts. Structural requirement guides. Material specification lists.

KLB BK III Pgs 104-105

FARM STRUCTURES

Fish Ponds and Bee Hives
Farm Stores and Silos
Fences - Types and Construction
Wire Fences and Live Fences

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fish pond construction procedures. State factors considered when siting fish ponds. Identify types of bee hives. Explain construction requirements for KTBH.

Brain storming on aquaculture structures. Discussion on fish pond construction. Exposition of bee hive types. Brief discussion on KTBH construction.

Fish pond construction diagrams. Bee hive design charts. Construction procedure guides. Material requirement lists.
Storage structure diagrams. Silo construction charts. Structural requirement guides. Maintenance procedure lists.
Fence type illustrations. Construction procedure charts. Advantage/disadvantage comparison tables. Material requirement guides.
Wire fence construction diagrams. Live fence examples. Maintenance requirement charts. Fence comparison tables.

KLB BK III Pgs 124-130

FARM STRUCTURES
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Green Houses and Nursery Structures
Meaning of Land Tenure
Collective Land Tenure System - Communal
Collective Land Tenure System - Co-operative and State

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline requirements for green house construction. Describe types of nursery structures. State factors considered when siting nursery structures. Explain construction materials for crop structures.

Brain storming on protected cultivation. Discussion on green house requirements. Exposition of nursery structure types. Brief discussion on construction materials.

Green house design diagrams. Nursery structure charts. Construction material lists. Siting factor guides.
Charts on land tenure concepts. Student textbooks. Land tenure system diagrams. Tenure security illustrations.
Examples of communal land systems. Advantage/disadvantage charts. Community examples (Maasai). Problem identification guides.
Co-operative land examples. State land system charts. Comparison tables. ADC farm examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 130-138

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Individual Tenure System - Owner-operator
Individual Tenure System - Landlordism and Tenancy
Individual Tenure System - Concession/Company
Fragmentation and Sub-division of Land

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of individual owner-operator. Describe characteristics of individual ownership. Explain freedom in production planning. Discuss tenure security benefits.

Brain storming on individual land ownership. Discussion on advantages and disadvantages. Exposition of ownership characteristics. Question and answer on production freedom.

Individual land ownership examples. Title deed samples. Production planning charts. Security benefit illustrations.
Lease agreement examples. Landlord-tenant relationship charts. Rent payment systems. Leasehold land examples.
Company land examples. Estate system charts. Plantation examples (Delmonte). Government agreement illustrations.
Fragmentation examples. Factor identification charts. Agricultural impact illustrations. Inheritance process guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 144-147

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Effects of Fragmentation and Sub-division
Land Reform - Meaning and Objectives
Land Consolidation
Land Adjudication and Registration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight effects of fragmentation and sub-division on agricultural development. Explain problems created by scattered holdings. Discuss difficulties in farm management. Identify challenges in extension services.

Brain storming on fragmentation problems. Discussion on management difficulties. Exposition of agricultural development effects. Brief discussion on extension challenges.

Fragmented land examples. Management problem charts. Development impact illustrations. Extension service challenges.
Land reform definition charts. Objective identification guides. Programme type illustrations. Land control examples.
Land consolidation examples. Process flow charts. Advantage identification guides. Consolidated farm illustrations.
Adjudication process charts. Title deed examples. Registration procedure guides. Farmer benefit illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 147-152

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Settlement and Resettlement
Soil Erosion - Introduction and Factors
Types of Soil Erosion by Water - Splash and Sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define settlement and resettlement concepts. Outline objectives of land redistribution. Explain development of settlement schemes in Kenya. Describe requirements for success of settlement schemes.

Brain storming on settlement concepts. Discussion on redistribution objectives. Exposition of Kenyan settlement schemes. Brief discussion on success requirements.

Settlement scheme examples. Objective identification charts. Kenya settlement history. Success requirement guides.
Charts showing soil erosion factors. Pictures of eroded areas. Erosion type illustrations. Factor identification guides.
Raindrop impact diagrams. Sheet erosion illustrations. Splash pattern charts. Erosion process demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Types of Soil Erosion by Water - Rill and Gully
Wind Erosion and Human Activities
Effects of Soil Erosion
Riverbank Erosion and Solifluction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rill erosion formation. Explain gully erosion development. Identify U-shaped and V-shaped gullies. State processes involved in gully formation.

Brain storming on channel erosion. Discussion on rill to gully progression. Exposition of gully formation processes. Question and answer on gully shapes.

Rill erosion pictures. Gully formation diagrams. U and V-shaped gully illustrations. Channel erosion process charts.
Wind erosion pictures. Dust storm illustrations. Human activity impact charts. Erosion-prone area maps.
Erosion effect illustrations. Agricultural impact charts. Infrastructure damage pictures. Economic loss examples.
Riverbank erosion pictures. Solifluction diagrams. Control measure illustrations. Mass wasting factor charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 167-172

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Landslides and Mass Wasting
Methods of Soil and Water Conservation - Biological Control
Biological Control - Cropping Systems and Afforestation
Physical/Structural Control Measures - Trash Lines and Bunds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of landslides (slump, debris slide, rock fall). State effects of mass wasting. Explain causes of landslides. Describe prevention measures for mass movements.

Brain storming on landslide types. Discussion on mass wasting effects. Exposition of landslide causes. Brief discussion on prevention measures.

Landslide type illustrations. Mass wasting effect pictures. Cause identification charts. Prevention measure guides.
Conservation method charts. Grass strip illustrations. Contour farming pictures. Mulching demonstration materials.
Cropping system diagrams. Strip cropping illustrations. Tree conservation role charts. Afforestation benefit guides.
Trash line construction pictures. Bund construction diagrams. Structural measure illustrations. Area suitability guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 178-183

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL
WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Physical Control - Cut-off Drains and Terraces
Water Harvesting Methods
Weed Identification and Classification
Common Weeds in East Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe cut-off drains construction. Identify types of terraces (broad-based, narrow-based, bench, fanya juu). Explain terrace construction procedures. State advantages of different terrace types.

Brain storming on drainage systems. Discussion on terrace types. Exposition of construction procedures. Brief discussion on terrace advantages.

Cut-off drain diagrams. Terrace type illustrations. Construction procedure charts. Advantage comparison tables.
Water harvesting method charts. Weir and dam construction diagrams. Roof catchment illustrations. Rock catchment system pictures.
Charts showing common weeds. Weed identification guides. Drawing materials for weed illustrations. Classification system charts.
Pictures of common East African weeds. Weed characteristic charts. Competitive ability factor guides. Local weed examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 183-188

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Competitive Ability of Weeds
Harmful Effects of Weeds
More Harmful Effects and Benefits of Weeds
Chemical Weed Control - Introduction and Mode of Action

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors contributing to competitive ability of weeds. Explain weed propagation methods. Describe environmental adaptation of weeds. Discuss weed survival mechanisms.

Discussion on weed competitive factors. Exposition of propagation methods. Brief discussion on environmental adaptation. Question and answer on survival mechanisms.

Weed propagation method charts. Environmental adaptation illustrations. Survival mechanism diagrams. Competitive factor identification guides.
Weed damage pictures. Crop quality comparison charts. Striga parasitism illustrations. Health effect information guides.
Aquatic weed pictures (water hyacinth). Pasture quality comparison charts. Beneficial weed examples. Food and medicine use illustrations.
Weed control method charts. Herbicide action diagrams. Mode of action illustrations. Herbicide effect demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 200-202

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Classification of Herbicides - Formulation and Application Time
Factors Affecting Selectivity and Effectiveness of Herbicides
Herbicide Combinations and Safety Precautions
Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify herbicides by formulation (liquids, wettable powders). Classify herbicides by time of application (pre-emergence, post-emergence). Explain advantages of different formulations. State when to apply different herbicide types.

Discussion on herbicide formulations. Exposition of application timing. Brief discussion on formulation advantages. Question and answer on application timing.

Herbicide formulation examples. Application timing charts. Formulation advantage guides. Timing recommendation tables.
Selectivity factor charts. Effectiveness factor guides. Plant characteristic illustrations. Environmental factor diagrams.
Herbicide combination charts for different crops. Safety precaution guides. Protective equipment illustrations. Safe handling procedure charts.
Advantage/disadvantage comparison charts. Method comparison tables. Environmental effect illustrations. Chemical control evaluation guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 205-206

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Mechanical Weed Control
Cultural, Biological and Legislative Control
Definition and classification of crop pests
Field insect pests - biting and chewing
Field insect pests - piercing and sucking
Other field pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of tillage as weed control method. Explain disadvantages of mechanical cultivation. Describe slashing and uprooting methods. Compare mechanical methods with chemical control.

Discussion on tillage advantages and disadvantages. Exposition of mechanical methods. Brief discussion on method comparisons. Question and answer on mechanical techniques.

Mechanical control tool pictures. Tillage advantage/disadvantage charts. Method comparison tables. Mechanical technique illustrations.
Cultural control method charts. Biological control examples. Legislative control illustrations. Noxious weed law information.
Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage
Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts
Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table
Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops

KLB BK III Pgs 209-210

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Storage pests
Legislative and physical pest control methods
Cultural pest control methods
Chemical pest control
Biological pest control and crop disease introduction
Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common storage pests affecting stored grain. Describe damage caused by storage pests including weevils and borers. Explain contamination problems caused by rodents. State effects of fungi on stored produce including aflatoxin production.

Discussion on storage problems. Examination of storage pest specimens and damaged grains. Brain storming on storage pest prevention.

Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests
Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods
Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds
Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment
Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples
Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 186-187

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases
Viral diseases
Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders
Cultural control of crop diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens
Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples
Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms
Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools

KLB BK III Pg 201-203

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Chemical and legislative control of diseases
Maize - ecological requirements and varieties
Maize - land preparation and planting
Maize - field operations
Maize - pest and disease control
Finger millet production
Finger millet - field management and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain chemical control methods including seed dressing, soil fumigation, and spraying. Describe legislative control methods for disease prevention. Discuss integrated disease management approaches. Evaluate effectiveness of different disease control methods.

Discussion on chemical control applications. Exposition of legislative disease control measures. Brain storming on integrated disease management strategies.

Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts
Charts showing ecological zones, maize variety samples, maps of Kenya showing maize growing areas
Farm tools, certified maize seeds, measuring equipment, charts showing planting procedures
Fertilizer samples, calculators, charts showing application methods, herbicide containers
Pictures of maize pests, damaged maize plants, pest control chemicals
Finger millet samples, charts showing ecological requirements, pictures of finger millet fields
Fertilizer samples, finger millet storage containers, pictures of head blast disease

KLB BK III Pg 207-208

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)

Bulrush millet and sorghum production
Sorghum - pest and disease control
Beans production
Beans - field operations and pest control
Rice production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare ecological requirements of bulrush millet and sorghum. Identify varieties of bulrush millet and sorghum. Describe land preparation for these crops. Explain advantages of growing drought-resistant crops.

Comparative discussion on crop requirements. Examination of millet and sorghum specimens. Brain storming on drought tolerance.

Bulrush millet and sorghum samples, charts comparing crop characteristics
Pictures of quelea birds, damaged sorghum plants, sorghum harvesting tools
Different bean variety samples, charts showing ecological requirements
Pictures of bean diseases, diseased bean specimens, irrigation equipment
Maps showing rice schemes, pictures of rice fields, water control equipment

KLB BK III Pg 207-210

CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II)
FORAGE CROPS
FORAGE CROPS

Harvesting of industrial crops - cotton and pyrethrum
Harvesting of industrial crops - sugarcane and coffee
Harvesting of industrial crops - tea
Introduction and pasture classification
Pasture establishment and planting materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe harvesting methods and procedures for cotton. Explain grading of cotton during harvesting. Outline harvesting methods for pyrethrum flowers. State precautions during harvesting of these crops.

Demonstration of cotton grading. Discussion on harvesting procedures. Brain storming on quality maintenance.

Cotton samples showing different grades, pyrethrum flowers, harvesting baskets
Sugarcane samples, coffee cherries at different ripeness stages, harvesting tools
Tea plucking stick, tea baskets, fresh tea specimens showing different plucking standards
Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps
Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods

KLB BK III Pg 215-217

FORAGE CROPS

Fertilizer application and legume inoculation
Pasture management practices
Pasture utilization and defoliation
Carrying capacity and grazing systems
Napier grass production
Other fodder crops
Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain fertilizer application at planting time for pastures. Describe legume seed inoculation process and importance. Give examples of rhizobium strains for different legumes. State conditions necessary for effective nitrogen fixation.

Exposition of fertilizer importance and inoculation process. Demonstration of inoculation procedure. Discussion on nitrogen fixation benefits.

Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules
Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices
Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules
Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods
Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools
Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties
Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts

KLB BK III Pg 226-227

FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Hay making
Silage making and silo types
Silage quality and requirements calculation
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions
Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe hay making procedures and steps. Outline factors determining hay quality including species and harvesting stage. Explain proper drying and storage methods for hay. State advantages and disadvantages of hay making.

Discussion on hay making steps. Exposition of quality factors. Brain storming on quality maintenance during storage.

Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams
Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials
Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams
Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution

KLB BK III Pg 245-247

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis
Bacterial diseases - mastitis
Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours
Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease
Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe coccidiosis in young animals including symptoms and control. Explain trypanosomiasis (nagana) transmission by tsetse flies. Identify symptoms of trypanosomiasis in different animals. Outline control measures for vector-borne diseases.

Discussion on young animal diseases. Case study of trypanosomiasis control. Examination of disease symptoms pictures. Brain storming on vector control.

Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples
Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples
Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials
Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records
Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment

KLB BK III Pg 254-255

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Viral diseases - African swine fever
Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe African swine fever as highly contagious disease of pigs. Explain transmission through direct contact and vectors. Identify symptoms including fever and respiratory distress. Outline control measures including quarantine and culling.

Discussion on swine diseases. Case study of African swine fever outbreaks. Brain storming on pig management. Exposition of disease control strategies.

Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment
Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 267-268