If this scheme pleases you, click here to download.
| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1-2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Alkanols and Nomenclature
Isomerism in Alkanols Laboratory Preparation of Ethanol Industrial Preparation and Physical Properties Chemical Properties of Alkanols I |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkanols and identify functional group - Apply nomenclature rules for alkanols - Draw structural formulae of simple alkanols - Compare alkanols with corresponding alkanes Explain positional and chain isomerism - Draw isomers of given alkanols - Name different isomeric forms - Classify isomers as primary, secondary, or tertiary |
Q/A: Review alkanes, alkenes from Form 3
- Study functional group -OH concept - Practice naming alkanols using IUPAC rules - Complete Table 6.2 - alkanol structures Study positional isomerism examples (propan-1-ol vs propan-2-ol) - Practice drawing chain isomers - Exercises on isomer identification and naming - Discussion on structural differences |
Molecular models, Table 6.1 and 6.2, alkanol structure charts, student books
Isomer structure charts, molecular models, practice worksheets, student books Sugar, yeast, warm water, conical flask, delivery tube, lime water, thermometer Table 6.3, industrial process diagrams, ethene structure models, property comparison charts Ethanol, sodium metal, universal indicator, concentrated H₂SO₄, ethanoic acid, test tubes |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 167-170
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 170-171 |
|
| 1 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Chemical Properties of Alkanols II
Uses of Alkanols and Health Effects Introduction to Alkanoic Acids Laboratory Preparation of Ethanoic Acid |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate oxidation and esterification reactions - Test oxidizing agents on ethanol - Prepare esters from alkanols - Explain dehydration reactions |
Complete Experiment 6.2: Test with acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄
- Observe color changes - Esterification with ethanoic acid - Study dehydration conditions |
Acidified potassium chromate/manganate, ethanoic acid, concentrated H₂SO₄, heating apparatus
Charts showing alkanol uses, health impact data, methylated spirit samples, discussion materials Alkanoic acid structure charts, Table 6.5 and 6.6, molecular models, student books Ethanol, KMnO₄, concentrated H₂SO₄, distillation apparatus, thermometer, round-bottom flask |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 173-176
|
|
| 1 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanoic Acids
Esterification and Uses of Alkanoic Acids |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate chemical reactions of ethanoic acid - Test with various reagents - Write chemical equations - Analyze acid strength |
Experiment following Table 6.8: Test ethanoic acid with indicators, metals, carbonates, bases
- Record observations - Write equations - Discuss weak acid behavior |
2M ethanoic acid, universal indicator, Mg strip, Na₂CO₃, NaOH, phenolphthalein, test tubes
Ethanoic acid, ethanol, concentrated H₂SO₄, test tubes, heating apparatus, cold water |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 180-182
|
|
| 1 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Detergents and Soap Preparation
Mode of Action of Soap and Hard Water Effects |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define detergents and classify types - Explain saponification process - Prepare soap in laboratory - Compare soapy and soapless detergents |
Study soap vs soapless detergent differences
- Experiment 6.5: Saponify castor oil with NaOH - Add salt for salting out - Test soap formation |
Castor oil, 4M NaOH, NaCl, evaporating dish, water bath, stirring rod, filter paper
Soap samples, distilled water, hard water (CaCl₂/MgSO₄ solutions), test tubes, demonstration materials |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 183-186
|
|
| 2 | 1-2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Soapless Detergents and Environmental Effects
Introduction to Polymers and Addition Polymerization Addition Polymers - Types and Properties Condensation Polymerization and Natural Polymers |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain soapless detergent preparation - Compare advantages/disadvantages - Discuss environmental impact - Analyze pollution effects Identify different addition polymers - Draw structures from monomers - Name common polymers - Relate structure to properties |
Study alkylbenzene sulphonate preparation
- Compare Table 6.9 - soap vs soapless - Discussion on eutrophication and biodegradability - Environmental awareness Study polystyrene, PTFE, perspex formation - Practice identifying monomers from polymer structures - Work through polymer calculation examples - Properties analysis |
Flow charts of detergent manufacture, Table 6.9, environmental impact data, sample detergents
Polymer samples, monomer structure charts, molecular models, calculators, polymer formation diagrams Various polymer samples, structure identification exercises, calculation worksheets, Table 6.10 Nylon samples, rubber samples, condensation reaction diagrams, natural polymer examples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 188-191
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 195-197 |
|
| 2 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Polymer Properties and Applications
Comprehensive Problem Solving and Integration |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare advantages and disadvantages of synthetic polymers - State uses of different polymers - Discuss environmental concerns - Analyze polymer selection |
Study Table 6.10 - polymer uses
- Advantages: strength, lightness, moldability - Disadvantages: non-biodegradability, toxic gases - Application analysis |
Table 6.10, polymer application samples, environmental impact studies, product examples
Comprehensive problem sets, past examination papers, calculators, organic chemistry summary charts |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 200-201
|
|
| 2 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons
Sources of Alkanes - Natural Gas, Biogas, and Crude Oil |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define organic chemistry and hydrocarbons Explain why carbon forms many compounds Classify hydrocarbons into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes Identify the bonding in carbon compounds |
Teacher exposition: Definition of organic chemistry. Discussion: Unique properties of carbon - tetravalency, catenation, multiple bonding. Q/A: Examples of hydrocarbons in daily life. Introduction to three main groups of hydrocarbons.
|
Carbon models, Hydrocarbon structure charts, Molecular model kits
Biogas digester model/diagram, Natural gas composition charts, Organic waste samples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 86-87
|
|
| 2 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
Cracking of Alkanes - Thermal and Catalytic Methods |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain fractional distillation process Perform fractional distillation of crude oil Identify different fractions and their uses Relate boiling points to molecular size |
Experiment: Fractional distillation of crude oil using improvised column. Collect fractions at different temperatures (120°C intervals up to 350°C). Test fractions for appearance, flammability, and viscosity. Record observations and relate to molecular size.
|
Crude oil sample, Boiling tubes, High-temperature thermometer, Sand/porcelain chips, Bunsen burner, Test tubes
Cracking process diagrams, Chemical equation charts, Catalyst samples for demonstration |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 87-89
|
|
| 3 | 1-2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Alkane Series and Homologous Series Concept
Nomenclature of Alkanes - Straight Chain and Branched Isomerism in Alkanes - Structural Isomers Laboratory Preparation of Methane |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define homologous series using alkanes Write molecular formulas for first 10 alkanes Identify characteristics of homologous series Apply general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ for alkanes Define isomerism in alkanes Draw structural isomers of butane and pentane Distinguish between chain and positional isomerism Predict number of isomers for given alkanes |
Teacher exposition: Homologous series definition and characteristics. Table completion: Names, molecular formulas, and structures of first 10 alkanes. Discussion: General formula application. Pattern recognition: Gradual change in physical properties.
Teacher exposition: Isomerism definition and types. Practical exercise: Draw all isomers of butane and pentane. Discussion: Physical property differences between isomers. Model building: Use molecular models to show isomeric structures. |
Alkane series chart, Molecular formula worksheets, Periodic table
Structural formula charts, IUPAC naming rules poster, Molecular model kits Molecular model kits, Isomerism charts, Structural formula worksheets Sodium ethanoate, Soda lime, Round-bottomed flask, Gas collection apparatus, Bromine water, Wooden splints |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 90-92
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 92-94 |
|
| 3 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Laboratory Preparation of Ethane
Physical Properties of Alkanes |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare ethane using sodium propanoate and soda lime Compare preparation methods of methane and ethane Test properties of ethane gas Write general equation for alkane preparation |
Experiment: Prepare ethane from sodium propanoate and soda lime. Compare with methane preparation method. Carry out similar tests as for methane. Discussion: General pattern for alkane preparation from sodium alkanoates.
|
Sodium propanoate, Soda lime, Gas collection apparatus, Testing materials
Physical properties data tables, Graph paper, Calculators, Solubility demonstration materials |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 94-96
|
|
| 3 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Chemical Properties of Alkanes - Combustion and Substitution
Uses of Alkanes in Industry and Daily Life |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write equations for complete and incomplete combustion Explain substitution reactions with halogens Describe conditions for halogenation reactions Name halogenated alkane products |
Worked examples: Combustion equations for various alkanes. Teacher demonstration: Methane + bromine in sunlight (or simulation). Discussion: Free radical mechanism in substitution. Practice: Write equations for chlorination of methane.
|
Molecular models, Halogenation reaction charts, Chemical equation worksheets
Industrial application charts, Product samples, Environmental impact materials |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 97-98
|
|
| 3 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Introduction to Alkenes and Functional Groups
Nomenclature of Alkenes |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkenes and unsaturation Identify the C=C functional group Write general formula for alkenes (CₙH₂ₙ) Compare alkenes with alkanes |
Teacher exposition: Alkenes definition and unsaturation concept. Introduction: C=C double bond as functional group. Table study: First 6 members of alkene series. Comparison: Alkenes vs alkanes - formulas and structures.
|
Alkene series charts, Molecular models showing double bonds, Functional group posters
IUPAC naming charts for alkenes, Structural formula worksheets, Molecular model kits |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 100-101
|
|
| 4 | 1-2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Isomerism in Alkenes - Branching and Positional
Laboratory Preparation of Ethene Alternative Preparation of Ethene and Physical Properties Chemical Properties of Alkenes - Addition Reactions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Draw structural isomers of alkenes Distinguish between branching and positional isomerism Identify geometric isomers in alkenes Predict isomer numbers for given molecular formulas Describe catalytic dehydration using aluminum oxide Compare different preparation methods List physical properties of ethene Explain trends in alkene physical properties |
Practical exercise: Draw all isomers of butene and pentene. Teacher exposition: Branching vs positional isomerism in alkenes. Model building: Use molecular models for isomer visualization. Discussion: Geometric isomerism introduction (basic level).
Demonstration: Alternative method using Al₂O₃ catalyst. Comparison: Acid vs catalytic dehydration methods. Data analysis: Physical properties of alkenes table. Discussion: Property trends with increasing molecular size. |
Molecular model kits, Isomerism worksheets, Geometric isomer models
Ethanol, Concentrated H₂SO₄, Round-bottomed flask, Sand bath, Gas collection apparatus, Testing solutions Aluminum oxide catalyst, Glass wool, Alternative apparatus setup, Physical properties charts Addition reaction charts, Mechanism diagrams, Chemical equation worksheets |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 102
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 102-104 |
|
| 4 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Oxidation Reactions of Alkenes and Polymerization
Tests for Alkenes and Uses |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe oxidation by KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ Explain polymerization of ethene Define monomers and polymers Write equations for polymer formation |
Demonstration: Decolorization of KMnO₄ by alkenes. Teacher exposition: Polymerization process and polymer formation. Examples: Ethene → polyethene formation. Discussion: Industrial importance of polymerization. Practice: Write polymerization equations.
|
Oxidizing agents for demonstration, Polymer samples, Polymerization charts, Monomer-polymer models
Test alkenes, Bromine water, Acidified KMnO₄, Plastic samples, Uses reference charts |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 107-108
|
|
| 4 | 4 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Introduction to Alkynes and Triple Bond
Nomenclature and Isomerism in Alkynes |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define alkynes and triple bond structure Write general formula for alkynes (CₙH₂ₙ₋₂) Identify first members of alkyne series Compare degree of unsaturation in hydrocarbons |
Teacher exposition: Alkynes definition and C≡C triple bond. Table study: First 6 members of alkyne series with structures. Discussion: Degrees of unsaturation - alkanes vs alkenes vs alkynes. Model demonstration: Triple bond representation.
|
Alkyne series charts, Triple bond molecular models, Unsaturation comparison charts
IUPAC naming rules for alkynes, Structural formula worksheets, Molecular model kits |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 109-110
|
|
| 4 | 5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
|
Laboratory Preparation of Ethyne
Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkynes |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare ethyne from calcium carbide and water Set up gas collection apparatus safely Test physical and chemical properties of ethyne Write equation for ethyne preparation |
Experiment: Calcium carbide + water reaction. Use sand layer for heat absorption. Collect ethyne over water. Tests: Color, smell, combustion, bromine water, acidified KMnO₄. Safety: Dry apparatus, controlled water addition.
|
Calcium carbide, Sand, Flat-bottomed flask, Dropping funnel, Gas collection apparatus, Testing solutions
Physical properties charts, Comparison tables, Combustion equation examples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 111-112
|
|
| 5 | 1-2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS |
Addition Reactions of Alkynes and Chemical Tests
Uses of Alkynes and Industrial Applications Introduction to Nitrogen - Properties and Occurrence Isolation of Nitrogen from Air - Industrial and Laboratory Methods |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write equations for halogenation of alkynes Describe hydrogenation and hydrohalogenation Compare reaction rates: alkynes vs alkenes Perform chemical tests for alkynes Describe position of nitrogen in the periodic table State electron configuration of nitrogen Identify natural occurrence of nitrogen Explain why nitrogen exists as diatomic molecules |
Worked examples: Two-step addition reactions of ethyne with Br₂, Cl₂, H₂. Discussion: Faster reaction rates in alkynes compared to alkenes. Practical session: Test alkynes with oxidizing agents. Comparison: Rate of decolorization vs alkenes.
Teacher exposition: Nitrogen as Group V element, atomic number 7, electron arrangement Discussion: 78% of atmosphere is nitrogen. Q/A: Combined nitrogen in compounds - nitrates, proteins. Explanation: N≡N triple bond strength. |
Addition reaction charts, Chemical equation worksheets, Test solutions, Stopwatch for rate comparison
Industrial application charts, Welding equipment demonstration/video, Synthetic fiber samples Periodic table charts, Atmospheric composition diagrams, Molecular models showing N≡N triple bond Aspirator, KOH solution, Copper turnings, Heating apparatus, Fractional distillation flow chart |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 113-115
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 119 |
|
| 5 | 3 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Laboratory Preparation of Nitrogen Gas
Properties and Uses of Nitrogen Gas |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare nitrogen gas from ammonium compounds Use sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride method Test physical and chemical properties of nitrogen Write equations for nitrogen preparation |
Experiment: Mix sodium nitrite (7g) and ammonium chloride ( 5g) with water. Heat gently and collect gas over water. Tests: Color, smell, burning splint, litmus paper, lime water, burning Mg and S. Safety precautions during heating.
|
Sodium nitrite, Ammonium chloride, Round-bottomed flask, Gas collection apparatus, Test reagents, Deflagrating spoon
Property summary charts, Uses of nitrogen displays, Industrial application diagrams |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 121-123
|
|
| 5 | 4 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Nitrogen(I) Oxide - Preparation and Properties
Nitrogen(II) Oxide - Preparation and Properties |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare nitrogen(I) oxide from ammonium nitrate Test physical and chemical properties Explain decomposition and oxidizing properties Describe uses of nitrogen(I) oxide |
Experiment: Heat ammonium nitrate carefully in test tube. Collect gas over warm water. Tests: Color, smell, glowing splint test, reaction with heated copper and sulfur. Safety: Stop heating while some solid remains to avoid explosion.
|
Ammonium nitrate, Test tubes, Gas collection apparatus, Copper turnings, Sulfur, Glowing splints
Copper turnings, Dilute nitric acid, Gas collection apparatus, Iron(II) sulfate solution, Test reagents |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 123-125
|
|
| 5 | 5 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Nitrogen(IV) Oxide - Preparation and Properties
Comparison of Nitrogen Oxides and Environmental Effects |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare nitrogen(IV) oxide from copper and concentrated nitric acid Prepare from thermal decomposition of nitrates Test properties including equilibrium with N₂O₄ Describe reactions and uses |
Experiment: Add concentrated HNO₃ to copper turnings. Collect red-brown gas by downward delivery. Alternative: Heat lead(II) nitrate with cooling U-tube. Tests: Solubility, effect on litmus, burning elements, cooling/heating effects.
|
Copper turnings, Concentrated nitric acid, Lead(II) nitrate, Gas collection apparatus, U-tube with ice, Testing materials
Comparison charts, Environmental impact diagrams, Vehicle emission illustrations |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 127-131
|
|
| 6 | 1-2 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Laboratory Preparation of Ammonia
Preparation of Aqueous Ammonia and Solubility Reactions of Aqueous Ammonia with Metal Ions Chemical Properties of Ammonia - Reactions with Acids and Combustion |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Prepare ammonia from ammonium salts and alkalis Set up apparatus with proper gas collection Test characteristic properties of ammonia Explain displacement reaction principle Test reactions of aqueous ammonia with various metal ions Observe precipitate formation and dissolution Explain complex ion formation Use reactions for metal ion identification |
Experiment: Heat mixture of calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. Collect gas by upward delivery using calcium oxide as drying agent. Tests: Color, smell, combustion, HCl fumes test, litmus paper. Safety: Slanted flask position.
Experiment: Add aqueous ammonia dropwise to solutions of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺. Record observations with few drops vs excess ammonia. Identify complex ion formation with Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺. |
Calcium hydroxide, Ammonium chloride, Round-bottomed flask, Calcium oxide, HCl solution, Glass rod, Litmus paper
Ammonia generation apparatus, Funnel, Universal indicator, Fountain apparatus, pH meter/paper Various metal salt solutions, Aqueous ammonia, Test tubes, Droppers, Observation recording tables Various dilute acids, Methyl orange, Oxygen supply, Platinum wire, Copper(II) oxide, Combustion apparatus, U-tube for collection |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 131-134
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 136-138 |
|
| 6 | 3 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Industrial Manufacture of Ammonia - The Haber Process
Uses of Ammonia and Introduction to Nitrogenous Fertilizers |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe raw materials and their sources Explain optimum conditions for ammonia synthesis Draw flow diagram of Haber process Explain economic considerations and catalyst use |
Teacher exposition: N₂ from air, H₂ from natural gas/cracking. Process conditions: 500°C, 200 atm, iron catalyst. Flow diagram study: Purification, compression, catalytic chamber, separation, recycling. Economic factors: Compromise between yield and rate.
|
Haber process flow charts, Industrial diagrams, Catalyst samples, Economic analysis sheets
Fertilizer samples, Percentage calculation worksheets, Use application charts, Calculator |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 140-141
|
|
| 6 | 4 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Nitrogenous Fertilizers - Types and Calculations
Laboratory Preparation of Nitric(V) Acid |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Calculate percentage nitrogen in various fertilizers Compare fertilizer effectiveness Prepare simple nitrogenous fertilizers Discuss environmental considerations |
Worked examples: Calculate % N in (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, (NH₄)₃PO₄, CO(NH₂)₂, CAN. Comparison: Urea has highest nitrogen content. Practical: Prepare ammonium sulfate from ammonia and sulfuric acid. Environmental impact discussion.
|
Various fertilizer formulas, Scientific calculators, Laboratory preparation materials, Environmental impact data
Potassium nitrate, Concentrated sulfuric acid, All-glass apparatus, Condenser, Retort stand, Safety equipment |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 141-144
|
|
| 6 | 5 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Industrial Manufacture of Nitric(V) Acid
Reactions of Dilute Nitric(V) Acid with Metals |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe catalytic oxidation process Explain raw materials and conditions Draw flow diagram of industrial process Calculate theoretical yields and efficiency |
Teacher exposition: Ostwald process - NH₃ oxidation with Pt-Rh catalyst at 900°C. Flow diagram: Oxidation chamber, cooling, absorption tower. Equations: NH₃ → NO → NO₂ → HNO₃. Economic factors: Catalyst cost, heat recovery.
|
Industrial process flow charts, Catalyst samples, Process condition charts, Efficiency calculation sheets
Various metals (Mg, Zn, Cu), Dilute nitric acid, Test tubes, Gas testing apparatus, Burning splints |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 145-147
|
|
| 7 | 1-2 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Reactions of Dilute Nitric(V) Acid with Carbonates and Hydroxides
Reactions of Concentrated Nitric(V) Acid - Oxidizing Properties Uses of Nitric(V) Acid and Introduction to Nitrates Action of Heat on Nitrates - Decomposition Patterns |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Test reactions with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates Test neutralization with metal hydroxides and oxides Identify products formed Write balanced chemical equations List major industrial uses of nitric acid Explain importance in fertilizer manufacture Describe use in explosives and dyes Introduce nitrate salts and their preparation |
Experiments: (a) Add dilute HNO₃ to Na₂CO₃, CaCO₃, ZnCO₃, CuCO₃, NaHCO₃. Test gas evolved with lime water. (b) Neutralize NaOH, CaO, CuO, PbO with dilute HNO₃. Record color changes and write equations.
Discussion: Uses - fertilizer production (NH₄NO₃), explosives (TNT), dyes, drugs, metal purification, etching. Introduction to nitrates as salts of nitric acid. Methods of preparation: acid + base, acid + carbonate, acid + metal. Examples of common nitrates. |
Various carbonates and hydroxides, Dilute nitric acid, Lime water, Universal indicator, Test tubes
Concentrated nitric acid, Iron(II) sulfate, Sulfur powder, Copper turnings, Test tubes, Fume cupboard access Industrial use charts, Nitrate salt samples, Preparation method diagrams, Safety data sheets Various nitrate salts, Test tubes, Bunsen burner, Gas collection apparatus, Glowing splints, Observation recording sheets |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 147-150
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 151 |
|
| 7 | 3 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Test for Nitrates - Brown Ring Test
Environmental Pollution by Nitrogen Compounds |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Perform brown ring test for nitrates Explain mechanism of complex formation Use alternative copper test method Apply tests to unknown samples |
Experiments: (a) Brown ring test - add FeSO₄ solution to nitrate, then carefully add concentrated H₂SO₄. Observe brown ring formation. (b) Alternative test - warm nitrate with H₂SO₄ and copper turnings. Observe brown fumes. Test unknown samples.
|
Sodium nitrate, Fresh FeSO₄ solution, Concentrated H₂SO₄, Copper turnings, Test tubes, Unknown nitrate samples
Environmental pollution charts, Acid rain effect photos, Vehicle emission diagrams, Control measure illustrations |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 153-154
|
|
| 7 | 4 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Pollution Control and Environmental Solutions
Comprehensive Problem Solving - Nitrogen Chemistry |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Analyze methods to reduce nitrogen pollution Design pollution control strategies Evaluate effectiveness of current measures Propose new solutions for environmental protection |
Discussion and analysis: Catalytic converters in vehicles, sewage treatment, lime addition to soils/lakes, proper fertilizer application, industrial gas recycling. Group activity: Design pollution control strategy for local area. Evaluation of current measures.
|
Case studies, Pollution control technology information, Group activity worksheets, Local environmental data
Scientific calculators, Comprehensive problem sets, Industrial data sheets, Experimental result tables |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 154-157
|
|
| 7 | 5 |
NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
|
Laboratory Practical Assessment - Nitrogen Compounds
Industrial Applications and Economic Importance Chapter Review and Integration |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Demonstrate practical skills in nitrogen chemistry Perform qualitative analysis of nitrogen compounds Apply safety procedures correctly Interpret experimental observations accurately |
Practical examination: Identify unknown nitrogen compounds using chemical tests. Prepare specified nitrogen compounds. Demonstrate proper laboratory techniques. Safety assessment. Written report on observations and conclusions.
|
Unknown nitrogen compounds, All laboratory chemicals and apparatus used in chapter, Safety equipment, Assessment rubrics
Economic data sheets, Industry case studies, Agricultural statistics, Cost-benefit analysis templates Concept mapping materials, Comparison charts, Flow diagram templates, Integration worksheets |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 3, Pages 119-157
|
Your Name Comes Here