Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Historical Information - Sources of historical information
Historical Information - Classification of sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various sources of historical information in society
- Categorize different sources of historical information
- Appreciate the importance of preserving historical information

- Match pictures in column A with their correct description in column B
- Identify sources of historical information they know about
- Discuss other sources of historical information
- Share findings with the rest of the class

How significant are sources of historical information in understanding past human accounts?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 65
- Pictures of historical sources
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 66
- Print media

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Historical Information - Primary and secondary sources
Historical Information - Preservation of historical sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between primary and secondary sources of historical information
- Provide examples of primary and secondary sources
- Show interest in preserving historical information

- Research the meaning of primary and secondary sources of historical information
- Discuss the difference between primary and secondary sources
- Classify examples as either primary or secondary sources
- Create posters showing different types of historical sources

How can we differentiate between primary and secondary sources of historical information?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 66-67
- Digital resources
- Print media
- Manila papers
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 68

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Historical Development of Agriculture - Areas of early agriculture
Historical Development of Agriculture - Crops and animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate areas where early agriculture was practiced in Africa
- Explain the spread of agriculture in Africa
- Appreciate the importance of early agriculture

- Visit a school library or use internet to research on areas where early agriculture was practiced in Africa
- Make a list of areas where early agriculture was practiced in Africa
- Study a map showing where early agriculture was practiced in Africa
- Draw the map in notebooks and indicate the location of areas where early agriculture was practiced

Why did people start practicing agriculture in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 70-71
- Map of Africa
- Digital resources
- Atlas
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 71-73
- Pictures of crops and animals

- Observation - Map work - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Historical Development of Agriculture - Factors favoring agriculture
Historical Development of Agriculture - Contribution of Nile Valley

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore factors that favored growing of crops and rearing of animals in Africa
- Compare agricultural practices in different regions
- Show interest in agricultural development

- Use digital or print resources to research on the factors that favored growing of crops and rearing of animals
- Write down summary points
- Discuss factors that favored growing of crops and rearing of animals in Egypt, Nubia, and Eastern Rift Valley
- Create a chart comparing agricultural factors in different regions

What factors led to the development of agriculture in Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 73-74
- Digital resources
- Print media
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 74-75

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - Position of Africa
Maps and map work - Latitudes and longitudes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the position, shape, and size of Africa
- Locate Africa on a world map
- Appreciate Africa's unique geographical features

- Brainstorm on what a map, region, and continent are
- Research the position, shape, and size of Africa
- Study a world map and identify continents neighboring Africa
- Name oceans surrounding Africa
- Compare the size of Africa with other continents
- Discuss the shape of Africa

How are maps used?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 77-78
- World map
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 78-80
- Maps with grid coordinates

- Observation - Oral questions - Map work

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - Locating places using coordinates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate places and features on a map using latitudes and longitudes
- Interpret map coordinates
- Show interest in using coordinates for location

- Study a map showing coordinates
- Practice locating points labeled on the map using latitudes and longitudes
- Write down the coordinates for different locations
- Use an atlas to locate countries and features using latitudes and longitudes

How are maps used to locate places accurately?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80-81
- Maps with coordinates
- Atlas
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical exercises - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - Calculating time
Maps and map work - Time calculations practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain why time differs in various locations
- Calculate time differences using longitudes
- Develop critical thinking skills through time calculations

- Read information about time differences and longitude
- Learn that the earth takes 24 hours to make one complete rotation of 360°
- Calculate that 1° equals 4 minutes of time
- Practice time calculations for different locations
- Solve time calculation problems

Why is time different in various locations?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81-82
- Maps showing time zones
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 82-83
- Maps showing longitudes
- Atlas

- Observation - Calculation exercises - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Maps and map work - African features
Maps and map work - Appreciation of African features

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify positive features associated with Africa
- Explain the benefits of features found in Africa
- Appreciate Africa's unique geographic features

- Research positive features associated with Africa
- Find out the benefits of the features found in Africa
- Read articles about features like the Great Rift Valley and Lake Victoria
- Discuss and write down findings
- Present findings to the class

What unique geographical features does Africa have?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 83-84
- Pictures of African features
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 84
- Creative writing materials

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Origin of Earth
Earth and the Solar System - Earth characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the origin of the earth
- Compare different theories of earth's origin
- Show interest in learning about earth's formation

- Read stories about the origin of earth
- Share stories of the origin of the earth from their communities
- Research how the earth was formed according to different theories (Creation theory, Nebula cloud theory, Passing star theory)
- Compare different theories of earth's origin

Why is it important to understand the solar system?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 85-86
- Pictures of the solar system
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 87-88
- Diagrams of the solar system
- Pictures of planets

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Earth and the Solar System - Rotation and revolution
Earth and the Solar System - Internal structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Differentiate between rotation and revolution of the earth
- Explain effects of rotation and revolution on human activities
- Appreciate how earth's movements affect daily life

- Research the meaning of rotation and revolution of the earth
- Discuss the differences between rotation and revolution
- Identify effects of rotation of the earth from placards
- Research other effects of rotation of the earth
- Write a poem on the effects of rotation

How do Earth's movements affect human activities?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 88-89
- Diagrams showing rotation and revolution
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 90
- Diagrams of earth's structure
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Elements of weather
Weather - Weather instruments construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe elements of weather in the environment
- Identify instruments used to measure weather elements
- Value the importance of weather observation

- Study pictures showing elements of weather
- Identify the elements of weather shown in each picture
- List other elements of weather
- Create flash cards showing elements of weather
- Observe weather conditions in the school compound
- Name weather instruments used to measure weather elements

Why are elements of weather in the environment important?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures of weather elements
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92-95
- Materials for constructing instruments

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Weather observation
Weather - Weather significance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Record and analyze weather data
- Interpret weather patterns
- Value the importance of weather recording

- Observe and identify weather instruments
- Discuss how each instrument works in a weather station
- Study a weather chart showing recordings of temperature and rainfall
- Create a weather recording sheet
- Use instruments to record weather conditions
- Share completed recording sheets for peer review

How can we use weather data?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 96-97
- Weather instruments
- Recording charts
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98-99
- Pictures of weather-related activities

- Observation - Data collection - Record keeping assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Weather - Weather response

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Respond appropriately to different weather conditions
- Explain adaptations to weather changes
- Value the importance of safety during severe weather

- Study pictures showing people in different weather conditions
- Explain what is happening in each picture
- Identify the weather conditions shown
- Discuss how to respond to different weather conditions
- Share personal experiences of responding to weather changes
- Create posters showing appropriate responses to weather conditions

How should we adapt to different weather conditions?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99-100
- Pictures of weather responses
- Digital resources
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Data collection methods
Fieldwork - Data collection practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define fieldwork and its purpose
- Identify methods of data collection used in fieldwork
- Value the importance of fieldwork in research

- Research the meaning of fieldwork
- Find out methods of data collection used in fieldwork
- Discuss methods of data collection (observation, questionnaires, interviews, group discussions)
- Create a chart showing data collection methods and their uses

Why is fieldwork important in social studies?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 102-103
- Data collection tools

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Importance of fieldwork
Fieldwork - Challenges and solutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of fieldwork
- Identify benefits of fieldwork to learning
- Appreciate the value of firsthand information

- Research the importance of fieldwork
- Discuss the importance of fieldwork with peers
- Read a conversation between students discussing fieldwork benefits
- Identify the importance of fieldwork from the conversation
- Create a poster highlighting the benefits of fieldwork

What are the benefits of fieldwork in learning?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103-104
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104-105

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Data analysis methods
Fieldwork - Valuing fieldwork

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of data analysis after fieldwork
- Apply data analysis methods to sample data
- Value the importance of accurate data analysis

- Research methods of data analysis
- Analyze sample data using mean, mode, and median
- Practice data analysis with examples of transport means and food preferences
- Present analysis results to the class
- Discuss the significance of data analysis in research

How can we analyze data collected from fieldwork?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105-106
- Sample data sets
- Calculators
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107
- Research materials

- Observation - Calculation exercises - Presentation assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Planning a project
Fieldwork - Conducting fieldwork

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a fieldwork project
- Identify a suitable topic for investigation
- Show interest in environmental issues

- Form groups for fieldwork projects
- Discuss how to conduct fieldwork using relevant materials
- Choose a topic to be studied focusing on environmental issues
- Develop a fieldwork plan including objectives, methods, and timeline
- Present plans to the class for feedback

How can we plan effective fieldwork projects?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107
- Planning templates
- Research materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 107-108
- Data collection tools
- Notebooks

- Observation - Project plans - Group presentations

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Data analysis and presentation
Fieldwork - Report writing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze data collected during fieldwork
- Present findings in appropriate formats
- Value the importance of accurate analysis

- Use methods of data analysis to analyze collected data
- Organize data in tables, charts, or graphs
- Interpret patterns and trends in the data
- Prepare presentations of the findings
- Share findings with classmates for peer assessment

How should we analyze and present fieldwork data?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Collected data
- Analysis tools
- Presentation materials
- Report templates
- Writing materials
- Digital resources

- Observation - Analysis accuracy - Presentation skills

Natural and Historic Built Environments in Africa

Fieldwork - Project presentation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Present fieldwork findings effectively
- Respond to questions about the project
- Value the importance of sharing research findings

- Prepare final presentations of fieldwork projects
- Present findings to the class using visual aids
- Answer questions from peers and teacher
- Provide constructive feedback on other presentations
- Reflect on the fieldwork experience

How can we effectively communicate fieldwork findings?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
- Presentation materials
- Visual aids
- Digital resources

- Observation - Presentation skills - Peer assessment

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Political organization
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Scramble for Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the political organization of selected African communities up to 1900
- Compare political systems of different communities
- Appreciate diverse political structures

- Brainstorm the political organization of the Ogiek, the Zulu, and the Asante up to 1900
- Discuss the various European groups that came to Africa
- Present findings to the class
- Create charts showing political organizations of selected communities

How were African communities politically organized before the coming of the Europeans?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Reference materials
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109-110

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - European roles
Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Berlin Conference

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore roles of European groups in the "Scramble for and Partition" of Africa
- Identify European powers and their territories
- Show interest in colonial history

- Research the roles of European groups in the "Scramble for and Partition of Africa"
- Study a chart showing European groups and their roles
- Create a chart showing European groups and their roles in Africa
- Share work with peers for feedback

What motivated European powers to colonize Africa?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110-112
- Chart materials
- Digital resources
- Reference books
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112-113
- Poster materials

- Observation - Chart assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Political Development in Africa up to 1900 - Colonial territories
The Constitution of Kenya - Importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate the regions of partition by the European groups
- Identify colonial territories in Africa
- Show interest in African colonial geography

- Study a map showing the partition of Africa by European powers
- Identify which European power had the most colonies
- Identify which European power had the least colonies
- Identify countries in Africa that were not colonized
- Fill in a table matching European powers with their African colonies

How was Africa divided among European powers?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113-114
- Map of colonial Africa
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118-119
- Constitution of Kenya
- Reference materials

- Observation - Map work - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Upholding the constitution
The Constitution of Kenya - Promulgation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define terms related to upholding and protecting the constitution
- Identify ways of upholding the constitution
- Show interest in constitutional protection

- Match terms related to upholding and protecting the constitution with their meanings
- Research ways of upholding and protecting the Constitution of Kenya
- Discuss ways of upholding and protecting the Constitution
- Create posters showing ways to uphold the constitution

Why should we uphold and protect the Constitution?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119-120
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Video resources

- Observation - Matching exercises - Oral questions

Political Development and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - National values
The Constitution of Kenya - Applying national values

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify national values in the Constitution of Kenya
- Explain the importance of national values
- Appreciate the role of values in governance

- Research national values provided in the Constitution of Kenya
- Complete a crossword puzzle containing Kenyan national values
- Complete a table explaining national values
- Discuss the importance of national values
- Create posters highlighting national values

How do national values promote good governance?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122-123
- Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Poster materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123-125
- Song materials

- Observation - Puzzle completion - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Classification
Human Rights - Characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define human rights
- Classify human rights as stipulated in human rights instruments
- Value human rights in society

- Research the concept of human rights
- Research the classification of human rights
- Provide examples for each classification
- Share findings with the class
- Create posters showing human rights classifications

Why is it important to know our rights?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126-128
- Human rights documents
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128-129
- Art materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Equity and non-discrimination

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of equity and non-discrimination
- Identify examples of equity in society
- Value fair treatment of all people

- Study pictures showing examples of equity
- Discuss observations about equity and non-discrimination
- Read a story about equity and discuss its message
- Read a poem about non-discrimination and discuss its message
- Discuss benefits of equity and non-discrimination

How can we promote equity and non-discrimination in society?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130-132
- Pictures showing equity
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Human Rights - Promoting equity
Human Rights - Valuing human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of promoting equity and non-discrimination
- Create materials advocating for equity
- Show commitment to promoting equality

- Research ways of promoting equity and non-discrimination
- Study posters showing ways to promote equity
- Create posters on equity and non-discrimination
- Display posters within the school environment
- Organize a "Peaceful Walk" to educate the community

How can we take action to promote equity and non-discrimination?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132-134
- Poster materials
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134-135
- Human rights documents

- Observation - Poster assessment - Participation assessment

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Concept
African Diasporas - Contributing factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of African Diasporas
- Identify key characteristics of diasporas
- Show interest in diaspora communities

- Research the concept of African Diasporas
- Read messages about African Diasporas from African Union documents
- Compare research findings with the messages
- Read articles about African Diasporas
- Discuss the concept with peers

How can we promote collaboration between continental Africans and African Diasporas?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138-139
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139-140

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Geographic locations
African Diasporas - Political development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Locate countries inhabited by African Diasporas by 1960
- Identify major diaspora settlements
- Value the global presence of African descendants

- Research locations of the United States, Brazil, and France on a world map
- Study a map showing countries inhabited by African Diasporas by 1960
- Name countries that were inhabited by African Diasporas by 1960
- Give the direction of these countries in relation to Africa
- Draw a map indicating diaspora locations

Where are African Diasporas located globally?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140-141
- World maps
- Atlas
- Digital resources
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141-142
- Reference materials
- Debate materials

- Observation - Map work - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

African Diasporas - Promoting unity
Citizenship - Interconnectedness

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop slogans promoting African unity
- Explain ways to strengthen diaspora-continent connections
- Value African unity and cooperation

- Study slogans on African Diasporas in promoting African unity
- Discuss the importance of each message to African diasporas
- Create slogans on African diasporas and promotion of African unity
- Write slogans on manila paper
- Display work in the school
- Research ways to promote collaboration between continental Africans and diasporas

How can we promote African unity in society today?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142-143
- Digital resources
- Manila papers
- Art materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144-145
- Reference materials

- Observation - Slogan assessment - Research findings

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - Globalization effects
Citizenship - Global citizen qualities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define globalization
- Examine effects of globalization at national and global levels
- Show interest in global connections

- Research the meaning of globalization and its effects
- Study a poster showing effects of globalization
- Categorize effects as positive or negative
- Create a wheel diagram showing effects of globalization
- Display the wheel at the Social Studies corner

Which are the common concerns in the world today?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145-147
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Art materials
Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147-149
- Poster materials

- Observation - Wheel assessment - Written assignments

Political Development and Governance

Citizenship - International contribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of contributing to the international community
- Identify actions that maintain national loyalty while being global
- Value balanced global and national citizenship

- Research ways of contributing to the international community while maintaining loyalty to own country
- Read poems about balanced citizenship
- Study messages related to international contributions
- Discuss ways of contributing internationally while maintaining national loyalty
- Compose songs or poems on balanced citizenship

How can we contribute to the international community while maintaining loyalty to our country?

Distinction Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149-151
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Creative materials

- Observation - Creative work assessment - Oral questions