Numbers

Integers - Identifying integers in different situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
-Identify integers in different situations
-Use integers correctly in daily life
-Show interest in learning about integers

-Identify integers by carrying out activities involving positive and negative numbers and zero
-Make steps forward (positive) and backward (negative) from a reference point
-Mark a reference point on level ground and make five steps from the reference point in both directions

How small are atoms and are they divisible?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 1
-Number line charts
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Numbers

Integers - Representing integers on a number line
Integers - Addition of integers on a number line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Represent integers on a number line
-Interpret positive and negative values correctly
-Appreciate the use of number line in representing integers

-Draw and represent integers on number lines
-Consider moving forward as positive and backward as negative
-Represent given integers on a number line and share with other groups

Where do we use integers in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 1
-Number lines
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 3

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Integers - Subtraction of integers on a number line
Integers - Combined operations of integers on a number line

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Subtract integers using a number line
-Solve problems involving subtraction of integers
-Show interest in using a number line for subtraction of integers

-Perform subtraction operations of integers on a number line
-When subtracting a positive integer, move to the left on the number line
-Solve real-life problems involving subtraction of integers

How can we use a number line to subtract integers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 4
-Number lines
-Charts showing number lines
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 6
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Integers - Games involving a number line
Fractions - Combined operations involving addition and subtraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Play creative games involving integer operations
-Create games using a number line
-Show interest in learning more about integers

-Play creative games that involve number lines, for example jumping steps
-Each member to write a question on a card involving addition and subtraction of integers
-Use IT to learn more on operations of integers on number lines

Where do we use integers in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 7
-Number cards
-Internet access
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 8
-Fraction models
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Fractions - Combined operations involving division and multiplication
Fractions - Combined operations involving brackets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Carry out combined operations involving division and multiplication of fractions
-Apply combined operations in solving problems
-Appreciate the importance of combined operations

-Discuss and use the correct order of operations in fractions
-Work out division, then multiplication in combined operations
-Solve real-life problems involving fractions

How do we carry out combined operations on fractions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 11
-Fraction models
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 13

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Fractions - Operations on fractions in real-life situations
Fractions - Using IT devices for learning fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out operations on fractions in real-life situations
-Apply fractions in solving problems
-Appreciate the use of fractions in daily life

-Discuss and carry out operations on fractions from activities such as shopping
-Solve real-life problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life situations

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 14
-Fraction models
-Digital resources
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Fractions - Consolidation and assessment
Decimals - Conversion of fractions to decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve various problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life situations
-Appreciate the importance of fractions

-Review combined operations on fractions
-Solve a variety of problems involving fractions
-Apply fractions in real-life contexts

How do we use fractions in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 14
-Fraction models
-Assessment tools
-Decimal charts
-Digital resources

-Written tests -Problem-solving tasks -Self-assessment

Numbers

Decimals - Identifying recurring decimals
Decimals - Converting recurring decimals to fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify recurring decimals
-Represent recurring decimals correctly
-Show interest in learning about recurring decimals

-In groups discuss and classify non-recurring and recurring decimals
-Indicate the recurring digits using appropriate notation
-Convert fractions to decimals and identify recurring patterns

How do we identify recurring decimals?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 17
-Decimal charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 19
-Conversion charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Decimals - Rounding off decimal numbers
Decimals - Expressing numbers to significant figures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Round off decimal numbers to required decimal places
-Apply rounding in real-life contexts
-Show interest in rounding decimal numbers

-Discuss and round off decimal numbers to a required number of decimal places
-Apply rounding rules correctly
-Solve problems involving rounding of decimals

How do we round off decimal numbers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 20
-Decimal charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 21
-Number charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Decimals - Expressing numbers in standard form
Decimals - Combined operations on decimals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express numbers in standard form
-Apply standard form in scientific notation
-Show interest in learning about standard form

-Write numbers in standard form in learning materials
-Express numbers as a product of a number between 1 and 10, and a power of 10
-Solve problems involving standard form

How do we express numbers in standard form?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 23
-Number charts
-Digital resources
-Decimal charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Decimals - Applications of decimals in real life
Squares and Square Roots - Working out squares from tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply decimals in real-life situations
-Solve problems involving decimals
-Show interest in using decimals in daily life

-Discuss and apply decimals to real-life cases
-Play games of operations on decimals using IT
-Solve real-world problems involving decimals

How do we use decimals in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 25
-Real-life objects
-Digital resources
-Table of squares

-Observation -Oral questions -Problem-solving tasks

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Squares of numbers greater than ten
Squares and Square Roots - Working out square roots from tables

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out squares of numbers greater than ten
-Use standard form in finding squares
-Appreciate the relationship between standard form and squares

-Use standard form to find squares of large numbers
-Find squares of numbers between zero and one
-Apply squares in solving real-life problems

How do we find squares of large numbers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 29
-Table of squares
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 31
-Table of square roots

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Square roots of numbers greater than 100
Squares and Square Roots - Using a calculator for squares

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out square roots of numbers greater than 100
-Use standard form in finding square roots
-Value the relationship between standard form and square roots

-Use standard form to find square roots of large numbers
-Find square roots of numbers between zero and one
-Apply square roots in solving real-life problems

How do we find square roots of large numbers?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 33
-Table of square roots
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 35
-Calculators

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Squares and Square Roots - Using a calculator for square roots
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Identifying rates

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out square roots of numbers using a calculator
-Apply calculator skills effectively
-Appreciate technology in mathematical calculations

-Practice working out square roots using a calculator
-Compare results from calculator with table values
-Solve real-life problems involving square roots

How do we use calculators to find square roots?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 36
-Calculators
-Digital resources
-Mobile phones (if available)
-Rate charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out rates
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Expressing fractions as ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out rates in real life situations
-Apply rates in problem-solving
-Value the importance of rates in daily life

-Find cost per unit for various items
-Calculate rates for different quantities
-Solve real-life problems involving rates

How do we calculate rates?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 37
-Rate charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 39
-Fraction models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Comparing two ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Comparing three ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Compare two ratios in different situations
-Determine which ratio is greater
-Appreciate the importance of comparing ratios

-Use strips of paper to compare ratios
-Express ratios as fractions with common denominators
-Compare numerators to determine the greater ratio

How do we compare ratios?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 41
-Paper strips
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 43
-Ratio charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Dividing quantities in given ratios
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out ratios

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Divide quantities in given ratios
-Apply ratio division in real-life situations
-Value fair division of resources

-Discuss and share quantities of concrete objects in different ratios
-Divide a quantity into parts proportional to the ratio
-Solve real-life problems involving division in a ratio

How do we divide quantities in a given ratio?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 46
-Concrete objects
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 48
-Ratio charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Ratio increase
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Ratio decrease

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out increase of quantities using ratios
-Apply ratio increase in real-life situations
-Value the importance of ratios in quantity changes

-Increase quantities in given ratios
-Find quantities after ratio increases
-Solve real-life problems involving ratio increases

How do we use ratios to increase quantities?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 50
-Ratio charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 51

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Percentage change
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Direct proportion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out percentage change of given quantities
-Calculate percentage increase and decrease
-Appreciate percentage change in real-life contexts

-Discuss and determine percentage increase and decrease
-Calculate percentage change using formulas
-Solve real-life problems involving percentage change

How do we calculate percentage change?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 52
-Percentage charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 53
-Proportion charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out direct proportions
Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Indirect proportion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out direct proportions in real life situations
-Apply direct proportion in problem-solving
-Value the importance of direct proportion

-Complete tables of directly proportional quantities
-Calculate unknown values using direct proportion
-Solve real-life problems involving direct proportion

How do we calculate using direct proportion?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 54
-Proportion charts
-Digital resources
-Hourglass (if available)

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Numbers
Algebra

Rates, Ratios, Proportion and Percentages - Working out indirect proportions
Algebraic Expressions - Factorization of algebraic expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out indirect proportions in real life situations
-Apply indirect proportion in problem-solving
-Appreciate the concept of inverse relationship

-Complete tables of indirectly proportional quantities
-Calculate unknown values using indirect proportion
-Solve real-life problems involving indirect proportion

How do we calculate using indirect proportion?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 55
-Proportion charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 56
-Algebra tiles

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Factorization using the HCF
Algebraic Expressions - Addition and subtraction of algebraic fractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Factorize algebraic expressions using the HCF
-Express algebraic expressions as a product of factors
-Value the importance of factorization

-Write expressions as a product of the highest common factor and the other factor
-Practice factorizing different algebraic expressions
-Use factorization to solve problems

How do we factorize algebraic expressions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 57
-Algebra tiles
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 58
-Algebra charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Simplification of algebraic fractions by factorization
Algebraic Expressions - Evaluating algebraic expressions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Simplify algebraic fractions by factorization
-Use factorization to simplify complex fractions
-Appreciate the use of factorization in simplification

-Write numerator and denominator as products of factors
-Identify and cancel common factors
-Simplify algebraic fractions using factorization

How do we simplify algebraic fractions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 59
-Algebra charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 60

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Algebraic Expressions - Applications of algebraic expressions
Linear Equations - Forming linear equations in two unknowns

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply algebraic expressions in real-life situations
-Form expressions from word problems
-Value the importance of algebraic expressions

-Form algebraic expressions from real-life situations
-Evaluate expressions for given values
-Use IT to practice algebraic expressions

How do we apply algebraic expressions in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 61
-Digital resources
-Internet access
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 62
-Shop setup materials

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Linear Equations - Forming related linear equations
Linear Equations - Solving linear equations by substitution method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Form related linear equations in two unknowns
-Create simultaneous equations from real-life situations
-Value the use of equations in problem-solving

-Set up a demonstration shop with two different improvised items
-Relate amounts spent to total amounts
-Form simultaneous equations from given scenarios

Where do we use linear equations in two unknowns in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 64
-Shop setup materials
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 66
-Equation charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Linear Equations - More on substitution method
Linear Equations - Solving linear equations by elimination method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply substitution method to various equations
-Solve complex simultaneous equations
-Appreciate the substitution method

-Solve different types of linear equations using substitution
-Apply substitution method to practical problems
-Compare solutions with other methods

How do we apply substitution method to different equations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 67
-Equation charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 68

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Algebra

Linear Equations - More on elimination method
Linear Equations - Applying linear equations in real-life situations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply elimination method to various equations
-Solve complex simultaneous equations
-Appreciate the elimination method

-Solve different types of linear equations using elimination
-Apply elimination method to practical problems
-Compare elimination with substitution method

When do we prefer elimination over substitution?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 70
-Equation charts
-Digital resources
-Internet access

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Circles - Working out the circumference of a circle
Circles - Working out the circumference of circles in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the circumference of a circle
-Apply the formula for circumference in calculations
-Show interest in learning about circles

-Wrap a paper strip around a cylinder and mark the start and end points
-Measure the distance between the marked points
-Calculate circumference using the formula C = πd
-Solve real-life problems involving circumference

How do we determine the circumference of a circle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 71
-Circular objects
-Measuring tape or ruler
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Circles - Working out the length of an arc
Circles - Working out the length of an arc in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the length of an arc of a circle
-Apply the formula for arc length in calculations
-Show interest in arc lengths

-Draw a circle and cut it out
-Fold the cut-out into four equal parts
-Relate the arc length to the circumference
-Calculate arc length using the formula
-Use cut-outs to relate arc length to the circumference

How do we determine the length of an arc of a circle?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 73
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 74
-Circular objects
-Protractors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Circles - Calculating the perimeter of a sector
Area - Calculating the area of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the perimeter of a sector of a circle
-Apply the formula for sector perimeter
-Show interest in using sectors

-Draw a circle and cut out the circle along its boundary
-Fold the circular cut-out into four equal parts and cut out one part
-Calculate the arc length of the sector
-Add the sum of the two radii to the arc length
-Determine the perimeter of the sector

How do we use sectors of a circle in real life situations?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 75
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-Scissors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 77
-Graph paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of a circle in real life
Area - Working out the area of a sector

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of circular area in real-life contexts
-Calculate areas of circular objects
-Show interest in circular areas

-Discuss and work out areas of different circles
-Measure radius and calculate area
-Solve real-life problems involving circular area

How do we apply knowledge of circular area?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 79
-Circular objects
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 80
-Paper
-Pair of compasses
-Protractors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the area of a sector in real life
Area - Working out the surface area of cubes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of sector area in real-life contexts
-Calculate sector areas in various scenarios
-Show interest in sector applications

-Calculate sector areas for different angles
-Solve real-life problems involving sector areas
-Discuss practical applications of sectors

How do we use sectors in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 81
-Sector models
-Protractors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 82
-Cube models
-Measuring tools

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of cuboids
Area - Working out the surface area of cylinders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out the surface area of cuboids
-Apply the formula for cuboid surface area
-Show interest in cuboid measurements

-Use a model of a cuboid to identify faces
-Identify pairs of faces with equal dimensions
-Calculate area of each pair of faces
-Apply the formula for cuboid surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a cuboid?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 84
-Cuboid models
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 86
-Cylindrical objects
-Paper
-Scissors

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Area - Working out the surface area of triangular prisms
Area - Working out the area of irregular shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine the surface area of triangular prisms
-Apply the formula for triangular prism surface area
-Show interest in prism measurements

-Use a model of triangular prism to identify faces
-Calculate areas of triangular faces and rectangular faces
-Find the sum of all face areas
-Apply the formula for triangular prism surface area

How do we calculate the surface area of a triangular prism?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 87
-Triangular prism models
-Measuring tools
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 88
-Square grid paper
-Irregular objects
-Tracing paper

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Identifying interest and principal
Money - Calculating simple interest

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify interest and principal in real-life situations
-Differentiate between principal and interest
-Show interest in financial terms

-Visit or invite resource persons from financial institutions
-Discuss how money is deposited and borrowed
-Gather information on principal and interest
-Identify principal and interest in various scenarios

What is interest in money?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 89
-Financial brochures
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 91
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - More on simple interest
Money - Calculating compound interest for one year

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex problems involving simple interest
-Find unknown values in interest calculations
-Show interest in financial calculations

-Calculate unknown principal, rate, or time given other values
-Apply simple interest formula in reverse
-Solve real-life problems involving simple interest

How do we calculate simple interest for different time periods?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 92
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 93

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Calculating compound interest for two years
Money - Calculating compound interest for three years
Money - Working out appreciation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate compound interest for two years
-Apply step-by-step calculation method
-Show interest in long-term investments

-Calculate interest for the first year and new principal
-Calculate interest for the second year
-Find the total compound interest
-Discuss the growth of investments

How do we pay for goods on hire purchase?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 94
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 95
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 96

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Measurements

Money - Working out depreciation
Money - Working out hire purchase

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out depreciation of value
-Apply depreciation calculations to assets
-Understand depreciation in financial planning

-Research meaning of depreciation
-List items that depreciate in value
-Calculate value after depreciation
-Discuss impact of depreciation on investments

How do we calculate depreciation of value?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 97
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 98
-Brochures from shops

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of parallel lines
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of parallel lines using a set square

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct parallel lines using a pair of compasses
-Apply parallel line construction in real-life situations
-Show interest in constructing parallel lines

-Draw line AB and point C above the line
-With C as center and radius length AB, draw an arc above line AB
-With B as center and radius length AC, draw an arc to cut the first arc at D
-Join C to D to form a line parallel to AB

How do we construct polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 100
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 103
-Set square

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of perpendicular lines from a point
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of perpendicular lines through a point

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct perpendicular lines from a point to a given line
-Apply perpendicular construction in solving problems
-Show interest in perpendicular lines

-Draw line AB and point M
-With M as center and suitable radius, construct two arcs to cut AB at C and D
-Using C and D as centers and suitable radius, construct two arcs on the opposite side to intersect at E
-Join M to E through point F on the line

How do we construct perpendicular lines?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 104
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Drawing paper
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 105

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Dividing a line proportionally
Geometrical Constructions - Identifying angle properties of polygons

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Divide a line proportionally
-Apply proportional division in solving problems
-Show interest in proportional division

-Draw lines AB and AC of convenient lengths
-Mark five equal intervals from A along AC
-Join the last point to B
-Draw lines parallel to this line through the other points
-Mark the points where these parallel lines cut AB

How do we divide a line proportionally?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 106
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Set square
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 108
-Polygon models
-Protractor
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular triangle
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular quadrilateral

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct a regular triangle
-Apply triangle construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of regular triangles

-Construct line PQ of required length
-Using P and Q as centers and radius equal to side length, construct two arcs intersecting at R
-Join P to R and Q to R
-Measure the angles to confirm they are all 60°

How do we construct regular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 112
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 113
-Set square

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular pentagon
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of a regular hexagon

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate interior angles of a regular pentagon
-Construct a regular pentagon
-Value the use of regular pentagons

-Find the size of each interior angle of the pentagon (108°)
-Draw line AB of required length
-Using B as center and radius equal to side length, locate C such that angle ABC is 108°
-Continue the process to locate D and E
-Join A to E to complete the pentagon

How are interior angles related to the number of sides?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 114
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 115

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Geometrical Constructions - Construction of irregular polygons
Geometrical Constructions - Construction of circles passing through vertices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Construct irregular polygons
-Apply irregular polygon construction in real-life situations
-Value the use of irregular polygons

-Given the measurements of sides and angles, draw the first side
-Use measurements to construct each subsequent side and angle
-Complete the polygon by joining the last vertex to the first
-Verify measurements of all sides and angles

How do we construct irregular polygons?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 117
-Pair of compasses
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 123

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing and labeling a Cartesian plane
Coordinates and Graphs - Identifying points on the Cartesian plane

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw a labelled Cartesian plane
-Identify different parts of the Cartesian plane
-Show interest in Cartesian planes

-Draw a horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis
-Mark the origin where the axes intersect
-Use a scale to mark positive and negative values on both axes
-Label the axes and quadrants

How do we plot coordinates on a Cartesian plane?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 128
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 129
-Cartesian plane charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Plotting points on the Cartesian plane
Coordinates and Graphs - Generating table of values for linear equations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plot points on the Cartesian plane
-Apply coordinate plotting in real-life situations
-Show interest in coordinate systems

-Draw a Cartesian plane with appropriate scale
-Given ordered pairs, locate the x-coordinate on the x-axis
-Locate the y-coordinate on the y-axis
-Mark the point where the vertical and horizontal lines from these coordinates meet

Why are coordinates important in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 130
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 131
-Exercise books
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Determining appropriate scale
Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Determine an appropriate scale for a linear equation
-Convert actual values to scale values
-Show interest in scale selection

-Analyze the range of x and y values in the table
-Choose a scale that allows all points to fit on the graph paper
-Convert actual values to appropriate scale values
-Discuss the importance of suitable scales

How do we choose an appropriate scale?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 133
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 135
-Ruler
-Pencil

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Drawing linear graphs (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Draw linear graphs for different equations
-Identify key features of linear graphs
-Show interest in graphical representations

-Generate tables of values for different linear equations
-Plot the points on a Cartesian plane
-Draw the lines representing the equations
-Discuss the gradient and y-intercept of each line

How does changing the equation affect the graph?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 136
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 137

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Solving simultaneous equations graphically (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve more complex simultaneous equations
-Determine accurate solutions from graphs
-Show interest in solution techniques

-Generate tables of values for equations with different forms
-Plot both equations on the same Cartesian plane
-Identify the point of intersection with precision
-Interpret the meaning of the solution

What are the advantages of graphical solutions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 138
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 140
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Coordinates and Graphs - Applying simultaneous equations in real life (II)
Coordinates and Graphs - Solving practical problems using graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex real-life problems using graphs
-Interpret solutions in context
-Show interest in practical applications

-Analyze complex word problems involving costs, quantities, etc.
-Form appropriate simultaneous equations
-Solve graphically and interpret the solution
-Discuss the practical implications of the solution

How can graphs help us make decisions?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 141
-Graph paper
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 142

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Representing length to a given scale
Scale Drawing - Converting actual length to scale length

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Represent length to a given scale
-Select appropriate scales
-Show interest in scale representation

-Measure lengths of various objects in the environment
-Record measurements in a table
-Identify objects that can/cannot be drawn to actual size
-Use scales to represent lengths proportionally

How do we determine scales in real life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 143
-Measuring tape/ruler
-Various objects
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 145
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Converting scale length to actual length
Scale Drawing - Interpreting linear scales in statement form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Convert scale length to actual length
-Apply conversion in real-life situations
-Show interest in scale conversion

-Study scale drawings with given scales
-Measure scale lengths in the drawings
-Convert scale lengths to actual lengths
-Verify conversions by measuring actual objects

How do we determine actual sizes from scale drawings?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 147
-Scale drawings
-Ruler
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 148
-Scale diagrams

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Writing linear scales in statement form
Scale Drawing - Interpreting linear scales in ratio form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Write linear scales in statement form
-Apply statement scales correctly
-Show interest in scale representation

-Study objects with given actual and scale measurements
-Calculate the relationship between actual and scale lengths
-Express the scale in statement form
-Determine actual and scale measurements of other objects using the scale

How do we create an appropriate scale statement?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 149
-Various objects
-Measuring tools
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 150
-Scale diagrams
-Ruler

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Writing linear scales in ratio form
Scale Drawing - Converting linear scale from statement to ratio form

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Write linear scales in ratio form
-Apply ratio scales correctly
-Show interest in scale representation

-Measure actual objects and their scale representations
-Convert measurements to the same units
-Express the relationship as a ratio in simplest form
-Use the ratio to make scale drawings of other objects

What information does a ratio scale provide?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 151
-Various objects
-Measuring tools
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 152
-Maps with statement scales
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Converting linear scale from ratio to statement form
Scale Drawing - Making scale drawings (I)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Convert linear scales from ratio to statement form
-Apply conversion in real-life situations
-Show interest in different scale forms

-Study scales in ratio form (1:n)
-Determine what unit measurement the ratio represents
-Express the scale in statement form (1 cm represents x units)
-Verify that both forms represent the same scale

Why might we need to convert between scale forms?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 153
-Maps with ratio scales
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 155
-Drawing paper
-Ruler
-Various objects

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Making scale drawings (II)
Scale Drawing - Solving problems using scale drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make more complex scale drawings
-Apply scale drawing principles
-Show interest in scale drawing applications

-Measure objects with irregular or complex shapes
-Choose suitable scales based on drawing space and object size
-Convert actual measurements to scale lengths
-Create detailed and accurate scale drawings

How do professionals use scale drawings?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 156
-Drawing paper
-Ruler
-Protractor
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 157
-Scale drawings
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Scale Drawing - Applications of scale drawings
Common Solids - Identification of common solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply scale drawings in various contexts
-Appreciate real-world applications
-Show interest in practical uses of scale drawings

-Explore applications in architecture, engineering, cartography, etc.
-Examine scale drawings from different fields
-Discuss the importance of scale in different professions
-Create scale drawings for practical purposes

How do different professions use scale drawings?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 157
-Maps
-Blueprint samples
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 158
-Common solid objects

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Geometry

Common Solids - Characteristics of common solids
Common Solids - Nets of cube and cuboid

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe characteristics of common solids
-Differentiate between types of solids
-Value the properties of geometric solids

-Examine various solids: cubes, cuboids, prisms, pyramids, etc.
-Identify and count faces, edges, and vertices
-Determine the shapes of faces (triangular, rectangular, etc.)
-Classify solids based on their properties

What features define different types of solids?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 160
-Solid models
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 161
-Cardboard boxes
-Scissors
-Drawing materials

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Nets of pyramids
Common Solids - Nets of cylinders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Sketch nets of pyramids
-Understand the components of pyramids
-Value the relationship between nets and solids

-Study pyramids with different base shapes
-Cut pyramids along edges to create nets
-Identify the shapes of faces in the nets
-Draw nets of pyramids with given dimensions

How do nets help us understand solids?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 163
-Pyramid models
-Scissors
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 164
-Cylindrical objects
-Ruler

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Nets of cones
Common Solids - Surface area of cubes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Sketch nets of cones
-Understand the components of cones
-Value the relationship between nets and solids

-Examine conical objects
-Identify the components (circular base and curved surface)
-Draw the net showing the sector for curved surface and circular base
-Calculate the sector angle based on slant height and radius

What determines the shape of a cone's net?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 166
-Conical objects
-Compass
-Drawing materials
-Cube models
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Surface area of cuboids
Common Solids - Surface area of cylinders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out surface area of cuboids from nets
-Apply the formula for cuboid surface area
-Value surface area applications

-Draw nets of cuboids with given dimensions
-Calculate the area of each rectangular face
-Find the sum of areas of all faces
-Derive and apply the formula: SA = 2(lb + lh + bh)

What's the relationship between dimensions and surface area?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 168
-Cuboid models
-Calculator
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 170
-Cylinder models

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Surface area of triangular prisms
Common Solids - Distance between points on solid surfaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Work out surface area of triangular prisms
-Apply appropriate formulas
-Value the properties of prisms

-Draw nets of triangular prisms with given dimensions
-Calculate the area of the triangular bases
-Calculate the area of the rectangular lateral faces
-Find the sum of areas of all faces

What factors affect a prism's surface area?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 171
-Triangular prism models
-Calculator
-Drawing materials
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 172
-Solid models
-Ruler
-String

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - More on distance between points
Common Solids - Making models of hollow solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Solve complex problems involving distance on solid surfaces
-Apply problem-solving strategies
-Value geometric reasoning

-Study complex paths between points on different faces
-Draw nets showing the points and the path between them
-Calculate distances on different parts of the path
-Find the total distance of the path

How do we determine the shortest path between points?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 174
-Solid models
-String
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 175
-Paper/cardboard
-Scissors
-Glue/tape

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Geometry

Common Solids - Making skeleton models
Common Solids - Making compact solid models

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Make skeleton models of solids
-Understand edges and vertices
-Value different model types

-Use straws or wires to represent edges
-Use clay or adhesive to connect at vertices
-Create skeleton models of cubes, prisms, pyramids, etc.
-Compare skeleton and hollow models

What insights do skeleton models provide?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 176
-Straws/wires
-Clay/adhesive
-Scissors
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 177
-Clay/plasticine
-Containers
-Tools for molding

-Observation -Oral questions -Model creation

Geometry
Data Handling and Probability

Common Solids - Applications of solids
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Drawing bar graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge of solids in real-life contexts
-Identify geometric solids in the environment
-Value the importance of geometry in daily life

-Explore applications of different solids in architecture, packaging, art, etc.
-Identify solids in natural and man-made structures
-Discuss the properties that make solids suitable for specific purposes
-Create designs using combinations of solids

How does understanding solids help in everyday life?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 177
-Sample objects
-Digital resources
-Models
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 178
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Colored pencils

-Observation -Oral questions -Written assignments

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Interpreting bar graphs
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Drawing line graphs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Interpret bar graphs of data from real-life situations
-Extract information from bar graphs
-Value the importance of data interpretation

-Study bar graphs representing various data sets
-Identify highest and lowest values
-Calculate differences between values
-Answer questions based on information in the graphs

How do we interpret information from bar graphs?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 180
-Bar graph charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 183
-Graph paper
-Ruler
-Colored pencils

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Interpreting line graphs
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Identifying the mode

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Interpret line graphs of data from real-life situations
-Extract information from line graphs
-Value the use of line graphs in data analysis

-Study line graphs showing journeys, prices, etc.
-Identify trends, highest and lowest points
-Calculate changes between points
-Answer questions based on information in the graphs

How do we determine the mean of data?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 185
-Line graph charts
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 187
-Data sets
-Calculator

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Mode of grouped data
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Calculating the mean

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Find the mode of grouped data
-Create frequency tables
-Value the mode as a measure of central tendency

-Organize data sets into frequency tables
-Count occurrences of each value
-Identify the value with highest frequency
-Discuss the significance of mode in data analysis

Why is the mode important in data analysis?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 190
-Data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 192

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Mean of grouped data
Data Presentation and Interpretation - Determining the median

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Calculate the mean of grouped data
-Apply frequency tables in mean calculation
-Value the mean as a measure of central tendency

-Create frequency tables for data sets
-Multiply each value by its frequency
-Find the sum of products
-Divide by the total frequency (number of items)

How do we calculate the mean of large data sets?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 193
-Data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 195

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Data Presentation and Interpretation - Applications of measures of central tendency
Probability - Identifying events involving chance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply mean, median and mode in real-life contexts
-Compare different measures of central tendency
-Value data analysis in decision-making

-Apply all three measures (mean, median, mode) to data sets
-Compare the results and identify differences
-Discuss when each measure is most appropriate
-Analyze real-life data using appropriate measures

How do we choose the right measure of central tendency?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 196
-Real-life data sets
-Calculator
-Digital resources
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 197
-Event cards

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Performing chance experiments
Probability - Writing experimental probability outcomes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Perform chance experiments in different situations
-Record outcomes of chance experiments
-Value experimental approaches to probability

-Flip coins and record heads or tails outcomes
-Toss dice and record number outcomes
-Discuss possible outcomes of each experiment
-Conduct multiple trials and record results

What factors affect probability outcomes?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 198
-Coins
-Dice
-Spinner wheels
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 199
-Cards
-Tally charts

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests

Data Handling and Probability

Probability - Expressing probability outcomes in fractions
Probability - Expressing probability in decimals
Probability - Expressing probability in percentages
Probability - Applications in real life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Express probability outcomes in fractions
-Calculate probability as a ratio of favorable outcomes
-Value fractional representation of probability

-Flip coins multiple times and record outcomes
-Count frequency of each outcome (heads/tails)
-Express results as fractions of total trials
-Compare experimental results with theoretical probability

How do we calculate probability as a fraction?

-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 200
-Coins
-Cards
-Recording sheets
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 202
-Spinner wheels
-Calculator
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 203
-Dice
-KLB Grade 8 Mathematics pg. 204
-Real-life scenarios
-Digital resources

-Observation -Oral questions -Written tests