GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Introduction. Gaseous exchange in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To explain importance of gaseous exchange.

To describe gaseous exchange in plants.

Discussion
Explanations

Q/A: Products of respiration.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 48

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of CO2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of CO2 by plants.

Class experiments including control experiments.

Explain the observations made.

Bicarbonate indicator, boiling tubes, Aluminum foil.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Release of O2 by plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show release of O2 by plants.

Teacher demonstration: Test for the gas evolved.
Discuss observations.

Gas jar,
Glass funnel,
Water plant,
Beaker.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 49

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Stomata.
Opening & closing of stomata.
Stomata and habitats of plants.
Lenticels.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the structure and explain the functions of stomata.

To relate plant habitats and the no. of stomata.
To explain the variation between number of stomata on the upper and lower face.

Detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams.
Observe number of stomata of prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.

Discuss the observations.

text book
Prepared slides of hydrophytes and xerophytes.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 51

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.
Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.
Gaseous exchange in amphibians.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.
To describe the structure of gills of a bony fish.
To explain how a gill is adapted to function as a respiratory surface.
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in gills.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.



Drawing and labeling a gill of a fish; stating the function of each part; and stating how it is adapted to its functions.
Detailed discussion.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.
Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 56-57

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in mammals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down parts of the tracheal system in man.
To describe the function of the parts of a system respiratory.

Discuss at length man?s respiratory system.

Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 59

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

The structure of the lungs.
Inhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

Wall charts- Structure of lungs.
Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of exhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during exhalation.
Explain the exhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.
Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.
To state and explain briefly factors affecting the rate of inhalation / exhalation processes.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.


Discussion and explanations.

Thoracic cavity model.
text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Intercostal muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

Lime water, rib cage model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.

Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.
Burning food.
The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration.
To explain significance of respiration.
To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration.

Q/A: Definition

Brief discussion of significance of respiration.
Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 74

RESPIRATION

Anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe anaerobic respiration.

Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:

Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer

K.L.B. BK 2
P.77

RESPIRATION

Oxygen ?debt?.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the term ?oxygen debt?.
To explain the effect of ?oxygen debt? on the amount of energy released during respiration.

Probing questions.

Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.78

RESPIRATION

Applications of anaerobic respiration.
Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Rate of respiration.
The mammalian skin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.
Draw and label the structure of the mammalian skin.
To describe functions of parts of the mammalian skin.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 86-87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

Exposition and discussion.

Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The kidneys structure.
The nephron.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.

Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.

Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.
Chart?Kidney nephron.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Urine formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain formation of urine.

Detailed discussion.

chart

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.
The Liver.
Deamination.
Other functions of the liver.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the loop of Henle; and how it?s adapted to its function.
To discuss the role of ADH in determination of concentration of urine.
To explain the function of the liver in deamination.

Discussion and explanations.

Probing questions.
Probing questions.

Discussion

Chart-
The nephron.
text book
Chart-Structure of the liver

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 91-92
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To name and discuss kidney disorders.
To identify methods of preventing and treating these disorders.

Exposition and discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 96-97

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The feedback mechanism.
The hypothalamus.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between positive and negative feedback and state their roles in maintaining the desirable point.

Schematic representation of feedbacks.

Exposition and discussion.

Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 97-98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation.

Exposition and discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.
Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain various homeostatic behavioral activities.
To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.

To explain regulation of blood sugar.

Discussion on control of body temperature.
Probing questions.
Detailed discussion.



Detailed discussion.

text book,video
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 99
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 101-102