INSURANCE
PRODUCT PROMOTION

Insurance versus Gambling.
Purposes of product promotion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw contrast between insurance and gambling.

Oral questions & brief discussion;
Review questions.

video,newspaper
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 109-110

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Personal selling of products.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe personal selling of product as a method of product promotion.
Cite circumstances when personal selling of products is appropriate.
Outline qualities of a good salesperson.

Oral questions;
Explanations;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 112-3

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Personal selling procedure. Advantages & disadvantages of personal selling.
Shows, trade fairs and exhibitions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight steps involved in personal selling.


State advantages &disadvantages of personal selling.

Brain storming;
Oral questions;
Simulations / role playing;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 113-4



Pg 117-8

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Advertising. Definition & aims of advertising.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term advertising.
State aims of advantages.

Brain storming;
Oral questions;

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 118

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Types of advertising.
Advertisement media. Newspapers, magazines and periodicals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline types of advertising.

Exposition;
Oral questions;
Discussion.

text book
newspaper,magazines

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 118-9

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Posters, billboards & transit advertising.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages posters, billboards & transit advertising.

Brain storming;
Probing questions
Discussion.

television,text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 122-4

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Electronic advertising.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of advertising on radio, TV and cinema.

Probing questions
Discussion.

tv,video

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 124-6

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Advertising agencies. Advantages & disadvantages of Advertisement.
Publicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight functions of Advertising agencies.

State advantages & disadvantages of
advertisement to the consumers, producers and manufacturers.

Oral questions;
Discussion.

tv,newspaper
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 126-127

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Public relations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of public relations activities.
State advantages & disadvantages of
public relations as a method of product promotion.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 129

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Other methods of product promotion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight other methods of product promotion.
State advantages & disadvantages of named method.

Probing questions and brief discussion on window display, direct mail advertising, cataloguing, discounts, coupons, etc.

text book,tv

New Inventor KLB BOOK IIPg 131-133.

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Sales promotion Definition and importance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term sales promotion
State the importance of sales promotion.

Oral questions;
Discussion.

tv,magazines

New Inventor KLB BOOK IIPg 134

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Methods of sales promotion.
Ethical issues in product promotion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe various methods of sales promotion.
Outline factors influencing choice of promotion method.

Brain storming;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK IIPg 134-5

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Current trends and emerging issues in product promotion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the impacts of current trends and emerging issues in product promotion.

Probing questions on effects of internet & HIV/AIDS, influence on the youth, pollution, mobile phones, convoys, etc.
Open discussion.

internet,magazines

New Inventor KLB BOOK IIPg 136-8

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Definition of demand, effective demand and law of demand
Demand schedule, demand curve and interpretation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define demand and effective demand with examples
-Distinguish between desire and demand using real scenarios
-Explain purchasing power concept and its importance
-State the law of demand with detailed explanation
-Identify and explain ceteris paribus assumption
-Apply law of demand to various commodity examples

- Brainstorming on demand meaning using market scenarios
-Group discussions on desire vs demand with case studies
-Analysis of purchasing power using local examples
-Guided discovery of law of demand through price experiments
-Role play: buyer behavior at different price levels
-Practical applications using bread, milk, transport examples

Textbook, charts, local commodity examples, market scenarios
Textbook, graph papers, rulers, calculators, Table 1.1 data

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 1-3

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Factors influencing demand - comprehensive analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and explain all 9 factors influencing demand
-Analyze price effects on demand with examples
-Examine consumer income impact on demand patterns
-Describe taste and preference effects with cultural examples
-Distinguish between complementary and substitute goods
-Explain future expectations impact on current demand
-Analyze population factors and demographic effects
-Examine government policy effects on demand
-Discuss seasonal, festival and wealth distribution impacts

- Comprehensive brainstorming on all demand factors
-Case studies on income changes in different economic classes
-Analysis of complementary goods (pen-ink, car-petrol)
-Discussion on substitute goods (tea-coffee, beef-mutton)
-Examination of Kenyan cultural factors affecting demand
-Group work on government policy effects (taxation)
-Analysis of seasonal demand patterns (umbrellas, warm clothes)
-Real-life examples of wealth distribution effects

Textbook, case studies, examples of complementary goods, cultural scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 3-5

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Movement along demand curve vs shift in demand curve
Types of demand with detailed examples and applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain movement along demand curve in detail
-Distinguish between expansion and contraction of demand
-Identify specific factors causing movement along curve
-Explain shift in demand curve with multiple examples
-Identify factors causing rightward and leftward shifts
-Distinguish between increase and decrease in demand
-Draw detailed diagrams showing both movements and shifts
-Compare and contrast movement vs shift scenarios
-Apply concepts to real market situations

- Guided drawing of demand curve movements using Figure 1.3
-Step-by-step analysis of expansion vs contraction
-Detailed drawing of demand curve shifts using Figure 1.4
-Practical exercises showing rightward and leftward shifts
-Group work comparing movement vs shift scenarios
-Case studies on income changes causing shifts
-Analysis of price changes causing movements
-Comprehensive graph work with multiple examples

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figure 1.3 and 1.4
Textbook, charts, local examples, case studies, Figure 1.5

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 4-6

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Meaning of supply, law of supply and supply schedule

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define supply with comprehensive explanation
-Explain supplier willingness and ability concepts
-Describe profit motive in supply decisions
-State law of supply with detailed explanation
-Identify ceteris paribus assumption in supply
-Prepare supply schedules from given data
-Interpret supply schedule information
-Analyze Table 1.2 eggs example in detail
-Compare supply patterns across different commodities

- Brainstorming on supply meaning using supplier perspectives
-Discussion on profit motives through case studies
-Guided discovery of law of supply using price-supply experiments
-Practical preparation of supply schedules using Table 1.2
-Step-by-step analysis of eggs supply example
-Calculations showing price-supply relationships
-Group work on supply schedule interpretations
-Role play: supplier decision-making at different prices

Textbook, calculators, Table 1.2 data, charts, supplier examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 6-8

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Supply curve and factors influencing supply
Movement along supply curve, shift in supply curve and types of supply

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Draw supply curves from supply schedules
-Explain upward sloping nature of supply curves
-Plot and identify specific points on supply curves
-Analyze Figure 1.6 in detail
-Identify and explain all 7 factors influencing supply
-Examine price and cost of production effects
-Analyze production technology impact on supply
-Discuss entry of new firms and natural factors
-Examine government policy and future expectations effects

- Guided construction of supply curves using Figure 1.6
-Step-by-step plotting with explanations
-Comprehensive analysis of all supply factors
-Case studies on production cost changes
-Discussion on technology improvements (machinery)
-Analysis of new firm entry effects (bakeries example)
-Examination of natural factors (weather, rainfall)
-Group work on government policy effects (taxation)
-Real-life examples of supply factor impacts

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, Figure 1.6, case studies, technology examples
Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.7 and 1.8, agricultural examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 7-9

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Equilibrium price, equilibrium quantity and market analysis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define equilibrium price and quantity concepts
-Explain equilibrium point in market context
-Use combined demand and supply schedules
-Determine equilibrium from Table 1.3 pen example
-Draw combined demand-supply curves
-Identify equilibrium point graphically
-Analyze Figure 1.9 in comprehensive detail
-Explain market stability and price mechanism
-Calculate equilibrium values from different scenarios

- Detailed analysis of Table 1.3 pen example
-Step-by-step calculations for equilibrium determination
-Guided construction of combined demand-supply curves
-Analysis of Figure 1.9 with intersection point identification
-Discussion on market stability and forces
-Practical exercises with different commodity examples
-Group work on equilibrium calculations
-Role play: market reaching equilibrium

Textbook, calculators, graph papers, rulers, Table 1.3 data, Figure 1.9

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 10-12

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Excess demand, excess supply and market disequilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define excess demand and excess supply
-Calculate excess quantities using textbook examples
-Explain causes of market disequilibrium
-Analyze effects of setting prices below equilibrium
-Examine effects of setting prices above equilibrium
-Discuss market adjustment mechanisms
-Explain competitive actions of buyers and sellers
-Analyze shortage and surplus situations
-Predict market behavior in disequilibrium

- Detailed calculations using shs 15 and shs 25 examples
-Analysis of excess demand at shs 15 (60-30=30 units)
-Examination of excess supply at shs 25 (50-30=20 units)
-Discussion on competitive buyer action pushing prices up
-Analysis of competitive seller action pushing prices down
-Case studies on real market shortage situations
-Group work on surplus scenarios
-Role play: market adjustment processes

Textbook, calculators, market examples, shortage/surplus scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 11-12

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Excess demand, excess supply and market disequilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define excess demand and excess supply
-Calculate excess quantities using textbook examples
-Explain causes of market disequilibrium
-Analyze effects of setting prices below equilibrium
-Examine effects of setting prices above equilibrium
-Discuss market adjustment mechanisms
-Explain competitive actions of buyers and sellers
-Analyze shortage and surplus situations
-Predict market behavior in disequilibrium

- Detailed calculations using shs 15 and shs 25 examples
-Analysis of excess demand at shs 15 (60-30=30 units)
-Examination of excess supply at shs 25 (50-30=20 units)
-Discussion on competitive buyer action pushing prices up
-Analysis of competitive seller action pushing prices down
-Case studies on real market shortage situations
-Group work on surplus scenarios
-Role play: market adjustment processes

Textbook, calculators, market examples, shortage/surplus scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 11-12

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Effects of changes in demand on equilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of increase in demand on equilibrium
-Analyze rightward shift of demand curve impacts
-Draw diagrams showing demand increase effects
-Examine effects of decrease in demand on equilibrium
-Analyze leftward shift of demand curve impacts
-Draw diagrams showing demand decrease effects
-Compare increase vs decrease effects
-Predict new equilibrium positions
-Apply to real market situations with examples

- Guided analysis of demand increase using Figure 1.10
-Step-by-step drawing of rightward demand shift
-Analysis of price rising from OP₁ to OP₂
-Examination of quantity increase from OQ₁ to OQ₂
-Detailed analysis of demand decrease using Figure 1.11
-Drawing of leftward demand shift
-Discussion on lowering effects on price and quantity
-Comparison exercises between increase and decrease
-Practical applications to consumer behavior changes

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.10 and 1.11

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 12-14

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Effects of changes in supply on equilibrium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain effects of increase in supply on equilibrium
-Analyze rightward shift of supply curve impacts
-Understand mixed effects on price and quantity
-Examine effects of decrease in supply on equilibrium
-Analyze leftward shift of supply curve impacts
-Draw detailed diagrams showing supply change effects
-Compare supply increase vs decrease effects
-Predict equilibrium changes for each scenario
-Apply to production and market scenarios

- Guided analysis of supply increase using Figure 1.12
-Step-by-step drawing of rightward supply shift
-Analysis of price falling due to excess supply
-Examination of quantity increase due to more supply
-Detailed analysis of supply decrease using Figure 1.13
-Drawing of leftward supply shift
-Discussion on price rising due to shortage
-Analysis of quantity decrease due to less supply
-Comparison exercises and practical applications

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.12 and 1.13

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 14-16

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Simultaneous changes in demand and supply

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze simultaneous increase in demand and supply
-Examine increase in demand with decrease in supply
-Study decrease in demand with decrease in supply
-Analyze decrease in demand with increase in supply
-Understand proportionate vs disproportionate changes
-Predict effects on equilibrium price and quantity
-Draw complex diagrams showing simultaneous changes
-Compare all four combination scenarios
-Apply to real market situations

- Comprehensive analysis of Figure 1.14 (both increase)
-Detailed examination of Figure 1.15 (demand up, supply down)
-Analysis of Figure 1.16 (both decrease)
-Study of Figure 1.17 (demand down, supply up)
-Group work on proportionate change analysis
-Drawing of complex equilibrium diagrams
-Discussion on big vs small changes in price/quantity
-Practical exercises with different scenarios
-Case studies on real market simultaneous changes

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.14-1.17

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 16-18

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Simultaneous changes in demand and supply

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze simultaneous increase in demand and supply
-Examine increase in demand with decrease in supply
-Study decrease in demand with decrease in supply
-Analyze decrease in demand with increase in supply
-Understand proportionate vs disproportionate changes
-Predict effects on equilibrium price and quantity
-Draw complex diagrams showing simultaneous changes
-Compare all four combination scenarios
-Apply to real market situations

- Comprehensive analysis of Figure 1.14 (both increase)
-Detailed examination of Figure 1.15 (demand up, supply down)
-Analysis of Figure 1.16 (both decrease)
-Study of Figure 1.17 (demand down, supply up)
-Group work on proportionate change analysis
-Drawing of complex equilibrium diagrams
-Discussion on big vs small changes in price/quantity
-Practical exercises with different scenarios
-Case studies on real market simultaneous changes

Graph papers, textbook, rulers, colored pens, Figures 1.14-1.17

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 16-18

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Other price determination methods and pertinent issues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify alternative price determination methods
-Explain government price control mechanisms
-Describe manufacturer price fixing approaches
-Analyze cost-plus pricing and profit margin considerations
-Define hoarding and overpricing practices
-Explain artificial shortage creation
-Analyze unscrupulous trading practices
-Discuss customer supremacy and business ethics
-Examine honest vs dishonest business practices

- Discussion on government price control in Kenya
-Case studies on controlled commodity prices
-Analysis of cost-plus pricing calculations
-Examination of hoarding practices and effects
-Discussion on artificial shortage creation
-Case studies on overpricing and customer exploitation
-Analysis of undercutting and monopolistic behavior
-Group work on business ethics and customer value
-Role play: honest vs unscrupulous business practices

Textbook, case studies, government pricing examples, business ethics scenarios

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 14-16