GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Respiratory surfaces in animals.
Gaseous exchange in protozoa.
Gaseous exchange in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a respiratory surface.
To state characteristics of respiratory surfaces.
To identify the environment or medium of operation of respiratory surfaces.

To describe the mechanism of gaseous exchange in insects

Teacher exposes meaning of a respiratory surface.
Discuss at length, giving examples of organisms that have a given respiratory surface.
Drawing tracheal system of a grasshopper.
Discuss at length the structure of the tracheal system.
Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 53
K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 53, 54

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Breathing in insects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the breathing mechanism in an insect.

Observe breathing movements of live specimens of grasshoppers, locusts or cockroaches.

Live specimens of insects,
Hand lenses,
Boiling tubes.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.
Gaseous exchange in a bony fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To give an account of the number, position and shape of spiracles of insects.

Drawing the abdomen and showing the position and shape of spiracles, and giving reasons thereof.

Live specimens of insects.

A gill of a fish.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 56

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in amphibians.
Gaseous exchange in mammals.
The structure of the lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange in a frog.
To explain adaptations of the lungs to their functions.

Q/A: Various methods of gaseous exchange in a frog.
Discuss gaseous exchange through the mouth, lungs and skin of a frog.

Drawing labeled diagrams coupled with explanations.

text book
Wall chart- Respiratory system in man.
Wall charts- Structure of lungs.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 58
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 60-1

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhalation.
Exhalation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of inhalation in man.

Showing movements of ribs during inhalation.
Explain the inhalation mechanism.

Chart / model of a rib cage.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-62

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Thoracic cavity model.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify similarities between a model thoracic cavity and an actual thoracic cavity.

Teacher presents a model thoracic cavity.
Q/A: Comparing parts of the model cavity and the actual rib cage.

Thoracic cavity model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 61-63

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
Rate of breathing in man.
Intercostal muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe gaseous exchange in an alveolus.
To explain regulation of breathing in man.


To explain the function of intercostal muscles during the breathing system.

Discussion and explanations.
Detailed discussion.
Counting number of inhalations before and after an exercise blow.

text book

Lime water, rib cage model.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 64
K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 66

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Inhaled and exhaled air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To test for CO2 in the air we inhale/ exhale.

Observe colour changes of lime water, and make deductions.
Brief discussion.

Lime water.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
P. 67

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

Diseases of the respiratory system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state the causes, symptoms and prevention of respiratory diseases.

Discuss cause, symptoms and prevention of whooping cough TB, bronchitis, etc.

Resource person.

K.L.B. BOOK 2
PP. 67-70

RESPIRATION

Introduction ? Definition and importance of respiration.
Burning food.
The mitochondrion.
Aerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able:
To define respiration.
To explain significance of respiration.
To state functions of mitochondrion in respiration.

Q/A: Definition

Brief discussion of significance of respiration.
Drawing structure of the mitochondrion.
Explain function of the mitochondrion.

text book
Wall charts- The mitochond-rion
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 73-74
K.L.B. BK 2
P. 74

RESPIRATION

Anaerobic respiration.
Oxygen ?debt?.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe anaerobic respiration.

Observe set up experiments.
Detailed discussion punctuated with probing questions:

Glucose
Yeast
Thermometer
text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P.77

RESPIRATION

Applications of anaerobic respiration.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain applications of anaerobic respiration.

Q/A: Products of fermentation process.
Listing down various applications of anaerobic respiration.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79

RESPIRATION
RESPIRATION
EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Respiratory substrates & respiratory quotient.
Rate of respiration.
The mammalian skin.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify respiratory substrates in the body.
To define respiratory quotient.
To calculate R.Q.
To state and explain factors affecting rate of respiration.

Brief discussion/ explanations.

Exposition of definition and its significance.
Problem solving.
Detailed discussion and explanations.

text book
text book
Permanent slides of mammalian skin.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 79
K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 80-81

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The lungs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the role of lungs as excretory organs.

Exposition and discussion.

Chart/ model- Mammalian lungs.

K.L.B. BK 2
P. 87

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The kidneys structure.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the external structure of kidney.
To describe the internal structure of the kidney.

Observe external features of a kidney.
Observe internal drawing and labeling of the kidney.

Wall-Charts?internal organs of a kidney.

K.L.B. BK 2
PP. 89-90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The nephron.
Urine formation.
The loop of Henle.
Kidney diseases and disorders.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of the nephron.
To explain formation of urine.

Discuss features of the nephron.
Draw structure of the nephron.
Label the diagram.
Detailed discussion.

Chart?Kidney nephron.
chart
Chart-
The nephron.
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 90

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The Liver.
Deamination.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a diagram of the liver.

Drawing and labeling diagram of the liver.

Chart-Structure of the liver
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 93-94

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Other functions of the liver.
Liver disorders.
Homeostasis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain other functions of the liver.

Probing questions.
Discussion

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 95-96

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

The feedback mechanism.
The hypothalamus.
The skin and thermoregulation.
Blood vessels and their functions in thermo-regulation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between positive and negative feedback and state their roles in maintaining the desirable point.


To explain the function of the skin in thermoregulation.

Schematic representation of feedbacks.

Exposition and discussion.

Chart-
Schematic diagram of feedback mechanism
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 97-98
K.L.B. BK 2 PP 98

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Homeostatic behavioral activities.
Osmoregulation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain various homeostatic behavioral activities.

Discussion on control of body temperature.
Probing questions.

text book,video
text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 99

EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS

Blood sugar.
Diabetes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss effects of insufficient/ excess sugar in the blood.

To explain regulation of blood sugar.

Detailed discussion.



Detailed discussion.

text book

K.L.B. BK 2 PP 101-102