WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Tourism - Definitions and Types

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define tourism, tourists, and eco-tourism; Distinguish between domestic and international tourism; Explain characteristics of eco-tourism; Analyze mass tourism vs sustainable tourism concepts

Teacher explanation of tourism concepts and terminology; Study of eco-tourism principles and environmental protection; Analysis of domestic vs international tourism patterns; Discussion on sustainable tourism practices and community involvement; Examination of tourism statistics and origins of tourists to Kenya

Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; World map

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 71-74

WILDLIFE AND TOURISM

Factors Influencing Tourism in Kenya
Tourist Attractions in Kenya
Significance and Problems of Tourism in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify factors that make Kenya a major tourist destination; Explain the role of publicity and marketing in tourism; Analyze the importance of peace and security; Evaluate infrastructure and facility development

Study of government publicity campaigns and international exhibitions; Analysis of packaged tours and trained personnel at Utalii College; Discussion on political stability and terrorism threats; Examination of tourist hotels, wildlife conservation measures, and transport networks

Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Kenya map
Chalkboard; Textbook; Kenya map; Exercise book; Pen
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Calculator

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 74-76

WILDLIFE AND TOURISM
ENERGY
ENERGY

Tourism in Switzerland and Comparison with Kenya
Definition and Types of Energy Sources
Renewable Energy Sources - Solar, Wind, Tidal and Wave

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe tourism development in Switzerland; Explain factors influencing Swiss tourism; Compare similarities and differences between Kenya and Switzerland tourism; Evaluate future prospects of tourism in Kenya

Study of Switzerland's Alpine scenery and climate attractions; Analysis of infrastructure, neutrality policy, and language diversity; Comparison of tourism features, attractions, and development levels; Discussion on Kenya's tourism future: security improvements, aggressive promotion, tariff adjustments

Chalkboard; World map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen/pencil; Sample solar panel if available
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; World map; Wind direction indicator if available

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 84-87

ENERGY

Renewable Energy Sources - Hydro, Geothermal and Biomass
Non-renewable Energy Sources
Hydro-Electric Power Stations in Kenya
HEP Projects in Uganda and Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain hydro power development and significance; Describe geothermal energy sources and locations; Analyze biomass energy production and uses; Evaluate the role of these sources in Kenya's energy mix

Study of hydro power evolution from waterfalls to dams; Analysis of geothermal energy in Rift Valley areas; Examination of biomass conversion processes and ethanol production; Discussion on charcoal production and fuel wood significance; Study of draught animals as energy sources

Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Kenya map; Charcoal sample
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Energy consumption tables
Chalkboard; Kenya map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; HEP station photos if available
Chalkboard; Africa map; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Comparative charts

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 91-95

ENERGY
INDUSTRY

Significance of Energy and Energy Crisis
Management and Conservation of Energy
Introduction and Factors Influencing Industrial Location

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze significance of energy in different sectors; Explain causes of energy crisis; Evaluate impact of oil crisis on Kenya; Assess effects on various economic sectors

Study of energy use in domestic, industrial, transport, and agricultural sectors; Analysis of energy crisis causes: over-reliance on petroleum, OPEC price controls, political sanctions; Examination of 1971-1974 and 1990 Gulf crises; Discussion on Kenya's impacts: inflation, reduced tourism, agricultural decline, foreign exchange depletion

Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Calculator; Economic impact charts
Chalkboard; Textbook; Exercise book; Pen; Energy-saving bulb if available; Conservation posters
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 103-106

INDUSTRY

Factors Influencing Industrial Location

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of transport, communication, electricity and water in industrial location. Describe government policies affecting industrial location. Define industrial inertia. Give examples of personal factors in industrial location.

Teacher exposition on infrastructure factors. Case study of Thika's industrial growth. Discussion on government policies and EPZs. Analysis of industrial inertia and personal decision factors.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 110-113

INDUSTRY

Types of Industries - Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
Classification and Distribution of Industries in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define and distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Give examples of each type in Kenya. Explain manufacturing and assembly industries. Describe service industries and their characteristics.

Teacher explains the three types of industries with examples. Discussion on manufacturing versus assembly industries. Analysis of motor vehicle assembly plants in Kenya. Students categorise local industries by type.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 113-119

INDUSTRY

Distribution of Industries in Kenya (continued)
Manufacturing Industries and Cottage Industries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe meat processing and non-food agricultural industries. Explain cotton, sisal, tobacco and pyrethrum processing. Account for timber and paper processing. Identify non-agricultural manufacturing industries.

Teacher explains meat processing and agricultural non-food industries. Discussion on cotton processing from ginneries to textiles. Analysis of sisal, tobacco and pyrethrum processing locations. Study of timber and paper processing industries.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 123-125

INDUSTRY

Jua Kali Industries and Significance of Industrialisation
Significance of Industrialisation (continued) and Problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Jua Kali industries and their characteristics. Describe government support for informal sector. Outline the significance of industrialisation to Kenya. Explain employment creation and income generation.

Discussion on Jua Kali industries and government support. Analysis of industrialisation significance including employment and income generation. Study of infrastructure development and foreign exchange benefits. Examination of balance of trade improvements.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 128-133

INDUSTRY

Problems of Industrialisation and Solutions
Cottage Industry in India

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain neglect of agriculture and unemployment issues. Describe displacement of people and rural-urban migration. Account for competition from imports and capital inadequacy. Suggest practical solutions to industrialisation problems.

Analysis of major industrialisation problems including agriculture neglect and unemployment. Discussion on people displacement and rural-urban migration. Examination of import competition and capital shortage. Students suggest practical solutions to identified problems.

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Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 135-142

INDUSTRY

Cottage Industry in India (continued) and Problems
Iron and Steel Industry in Ruhr Region of Germany

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain advantages and significance of cottage industry in India. Identify problems facing cottage industries. Suggest solutions to the problems. Compare with cottage industries in Kenya.

Discussion on advantages and economic significance of cottage industries. Analysis of problems including inadequate funds and competition. Examination of solutions through co-operatives and policies. Comparison with Kenyan cottage industries.

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Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 144-146

INDUSTRY

Iron and Steel Industry in Ruhr Region and Car Manufacturing in Japan
Car Manufacturing and Electronics Industry in Japan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain significance of iron and steel industry in Ruhr Region. Identify problems facing the region. Describe Japan's physical features and their influence on industrialisation. Explain historical factors in Japanese industrial development.

Analysis of Ruhr industry significance and problems. Map work on Japan's physical features. Discussion on mountainous terrain limiting agriculture. Study of Meiji Era influence on industrial development and post-war focus on manufacturing.

Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 148-153

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Definition of Transport and Communication
Road Transport

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define transport and communication. Give examples of transport modes for people and commodities. Explain different communication methods. Distinguish between traditional and modern communication.

Q/A on local movement of people and goods. Teacher explains transport and communication definitions. Discussion on traditional versus modern communication methods. Students identify local examples.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 136

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Railway Transport
Water Transport

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the development of railway transport in Africa. Describe railway construction in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. State advantages and disadvantages of railway transport. Account for problems facing railway development.

Discussion on railway development in Africa since 19th century. Analysis of Kenya-Uganda Railway and TAZARA construction. Study of railway advantages and disadvantages. Examination of problems including gauge differences.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 138-140

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Water Transport (continued) and Air Transport
Pipelines, Lifts and Types of Communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of water transport. Explain the development of air transport in Africa. Identify major airports and airlines. Describe advantages and disadvantages of air transport.

Analysis of water transport advantages and disadvantages. Discussion on African air transport development. Study of major airports and national airlines. Examination of air transport advantages and disadvantages.

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Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 142-144

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Types of Communication (continued)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe telephone services and their development. Explain postal and courier services. Define facsimile and internet communication. Account for communication development in Africa.

Analysis of telephone development and mobile technology. Discussion on postal services and African Postal Union. Study of facsimile and internet technology. Examination of communication challenges in Africa.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 146-148

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Distribution of Major Transport Lines in Africa
Role of Transport and Communication in Economic Development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major road networks in Africa. Describe trans-continental highways. Explain railway distribution patterns. Account for airline networks and waterways.

Map work on African transport networks. Discussion on trans-continental highways and railway systems. Analysis of airline networks and major waterways. Study of transport connectivity patterns.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 148-151

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Role of Transport and Communication (continued)
Problems Facing Transport and Communication in Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain revenue generation from transport and communication. Describe development of urban centres. Account for promotion of national image. Analyze overall economic impact.

Study of revenue generation from transport and communication. Analysis of urban development along transport routes. Discussion on national image promotion through airlines. Examination of overall economic impacts.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 153-155

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Problems Facing Transport and Communication (continued)
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway - Introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the impact of civil wars on transport and communication. Describe other problems affecting development. Suggest solutions to transport and communication problems. Account for efforts being made to solve problems.

Discussion on civil wars affecting infrastructure development. Analysis of economic instability and mass destruction. Study of solutions including trans-continental highways and regional cooperation. Examination of efforts to improve transport and communication systems.

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Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 157-159

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway - Development
Role of Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe construction developments of the seaway project. Explain by-pass canals and their functions. Account for dredging and dam construction. Identify locks and navigation improvements.

Study of seaway construction developments. Analysis of by-pass canals and their functions. Discussion on dredging operations and dam construction. Examination of locks and navigation improvements.

Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 161-163

TRADE

Introduction and Types of Trade
Types of Trade (continued) and Factors Influencing Trade

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define trade and explain its historical development. Distinguish between barter trade and money economy. Explain internal and external trade. Describe forms of internal trade including wholesalers and retailers.

Q/A on local trading activities and market experiences. Teacher explains trade definition and historical development from barter to money economy. Discussion on internal versus external trade. Analysis of wholesalers, retailers, hawkers, and market systems. Students identify different types of traders in their locality.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 158-160

TRADE

Major Exports and Imports of Kenya
Significance of Trade to Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify Kenya's major exports including agricultural and manufactured goods. Explain the destination of Kenyan exports. Describe Kenya's major imports and their sources. Account for Kenya's unfavorable balance of trade.

Analysis of Kenya's export products using textbook lists and figures. Discussion on export destinations especially COMESA countries. Study of import requirements and sources from different regions. Examination of trade balance data and deficit implications. Map work on Kenya's trading partners and trade flows.

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Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 162-165

TRADE

Problems Facing Trade in Kenya
Future of International Trade and Regional Trading Blocs Introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify problems facing trade including scarcity of goods and inadequate capital. Explain infrastructure and security challenges. Describe trade barriers and poverty effects. Account for poor market buildings and smuggling issues.

Analysis of trade problems starting with capital inadequacy and goods scarcity. Discussion on infrastructure challenges and transport difficulties. Study of security issues affecting traders and business operations. Examination of trade barriers, poverty effects, and smuggling impacts. Students suggest solutions to identified problems.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 168-171

TRADE

COMESA, SADC and ECOWAS
European Union and Benefits/Problems of Regional Trading Blocs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain COMESA's role in member economies. Describe SADC formation, membership and economic role. Account for ECOWAS objectives and economic benefits. Compare the three regional trading blocs.

Analysis of COMESA's economic benefits including trade promotion and industrial growth. Study of SADC history from SADCC to current status and membership. Discussion on ECOWAS formation, objectives and economic roles. Comparison of different regional blocs' approaches to trade and development. Map work identifying member countries of each bloc.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 174-178

POPULATION

Introduction and Population Distribution in East Africa
Factors Influencing Population Distribution in East Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define population and demography. Explain the importance of census. Describe population distribution in East Africa. Distinguish between densely and sparsely populated areas.

Q/A on local population knowledge and census importance. Teacher explains population concepts and East African distribution patterns. Discussion on densely populated areas including major towns and highlands. Analysis of sparsely populated regions using population figures and maps.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of East Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 177-178

POPULATION

Factors Influencing Population Distribution (continued)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effect of flooding, urbanisation and insecurity on population distribution. Describe the influence of land ownership and relief on settlement patterns. Account for government policy effects on population distribution.

Analysis of flood-prone areas like Bunyala Plains affecting settlement. Discussion on urbanisation attracting rural-urban migration. Study of insecurity in northern Kenya and Uganda affecting population. Examination of relief barriers and government settlement schemes.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of East Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 180-182

POPULATION

Factors Influencing Population Growth
Migration and Population Growth Calculation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define population growth and its measurement. Explain fertility, fecundity and infertility concepts. Describe factors affecting fertility rates. Account for mortality and its impact on population growth.

Teacher explains population growth concepts and calculation methods. Discussion on fertility definitions and measurement. Analysis of factors affecting fertility including education and urbanisation. Study of mortality trends and their impact on population growth.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, calculator

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 182-184

POPULATION

Demographic Trends and Transition Theory
Population Structure and Age-Sex Pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain demographic transition theory and its four stages. Describe characteristics of each demographic stage. Account for Kenya's position in demographic transition. Identify factors leading to slow population growth.

Teacher explains demographic transition theory using diagrams. Discussion on each stage characteristics and examples. Analysis of Kenya's current demographic stage with supporting evidence. Study of factors causing slow population growth including warfare and epidemics.

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Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, calculator

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 186-189

POPULATION

Consequences of Population Growth and Structure
Problems of Slow Population Growth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of rapid population growth on GDP. Describe impact on land, forest and water resources. Account for effects on social facilities provision. Analyze impact on food production and employment.

Discussion on population growth effects on economic development. Analysis of land fragmentation and resource pressure. Study of social facilities strain including education and health. Examination of unemployment and dependency ratio impacts.

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KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 192-195

POPULATION

Population Growth in Kenya - Historical Trends
Factors Influencing Kenya's Population Growth

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Kenya's population growth from 1948 to 1999. Explain factors contributing to rapid population growth. Account for cultural beliefs influencing fertility. Describe the impact of health services on population growth.

Analysis of Kenya's census data showing population increases. Discussion on cultural factors including son preference and early marriage. Study of traditional practices affecting family size. Examination of improved health care reducing mortality rates.

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KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 196-198

POPULATION

Population Growth in Sweden
Factors Influencing Population Distribution in Sweden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Sweden's demographic characteristics and growth patterns. Explain factors contributing to slow population growth. Account for Sweden's demographic transition stage. Compare Sweden's population trends with global patterns.

Discussion on Sweden's replacement level population growth. Analysis of factors causing slow growth including urbanisation and contraceptive use. Study of Sweden's fourth demographic transition stage. Examination of economic factors influencing small family preferences.

Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 200-201

POPULATION
SETTLEMENT

Comparison Between Kenya and Sweden Population Trends
Definition of Settlement and Types

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare similarities in population distribution factors. Contrast differences in growth rates and population structure. Analyze differences in urbanisation patterns and life expectancy. Evaluate demographic policy implications for both countries.

Discussion on similarities including uneven distribution and improved medical care. Analysis of differences in growth rates and age structures. Comparison of urbanisation levels and life expectancy rates. Examination of population policies and their effectiveness in both countries.

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KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 203-205

SETTLEMENT

Factors Influencing Location and Patterns of Settlement - Geographical Factors
Factors Influencing Location and Patterns of Settlement - Economic and Other Factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the influence of climate on settlement location. Describe how landforms affect settlement patterns. Account for the role of environmental diseases in settlement decisions. Analyze the impact of soil fertility and water bodies on settlement.

Discussion on climate factors including rainfall and temperature effects. Analysis of landform influences and elevation preferences. Study of disease-affected areas and their sparse settlement. Examination of soil fertility and water body influences on settlement density.

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Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 200-202

SETTLEMENT

Settlement Patterns
Distribution of Major Urban Centres in East Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define and describe nucleated settlement patterns. Explain dispersed settlement patterns and their characteristics. Account for linear settlement patterns. Give examples of each pattern type from East Africa.

Teacher explains nucleated settlements around oases and mining areas. Discussion on dispersed settlements in plateau areas and large holdings. Analysis of linear settlements along rivers, roads and transport lines. Students identify settlement patterns in their local area.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
Chalkboard, textbook, map of East Africa, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 204-206

SETTLEMENT

Factors Influencing Growth of Major Urban Centres in East Africa
Case Studies - Thika as Industrial Centre and Kisumu as Lake Port

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain rural-urban migration as a growth factor. Describe natural population growth in urban areas. Account for infrastructure development effects. Analyze industrialisation, mining and tourism impacts on urban growth.

Discussion on rural-urban migration patterns and causes. Analysis of natural urban population growth and demographic factors. Study of transport infrastructure and accessibility advantages. Examination of industrial development and mining effects on town growth.

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Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 208-210

SETTLEMENT

Case Study - Eldoret as Agricultural Collecting Centre

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Eldoret's location and historical development. Explain factors making Eldoret a leading agricultural collecting centre. Account for Eldoret's growth and expansion. Analyze Eldoret's multiple functions beyond agriculture.

Discussion on Eldoret's establishment by white settlers and agricultural focus. Analysis of strategic location along Nairobi-Kampala route. Study of collection and export facilities including airport and pipeline. Examination of administrative, educational and tourism functions.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 213-215

SETTLEMENT

Nairobi City Development
Problems Facing Nairobi and New York City Comparison

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Trace Nairobi's growth from railway camp to major city. Explain factors influencing Nairobi's development. Describe Nairobi's current status and international importance. Account for various functions performed by Nairobi.

Study of Nairobi's origins during railway construction and strategic advantages. Analysis of factors including climate, water supply and central location. Discussion on Nairobi's elevation to city status and international organizations. Examination of industrial, administrative, educational and commercial functions.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 215-217

SETTLEMENT

Mombasa Port Development and Functions
Rotterdam Port and Comparison with Mombasa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Mombasa's location and physical setting. Explain factors contributing to Mombasa's growth as major port. Account for modern developments at Kilindini Harbour. Analyze Mombasa's role as tourist and cultural centre.

Study of Mombasa's strategic coastal location and island setting. Analysis of railway connection and modern harbour facilities. Discussion on containerisation and Ro-Ro methods. Examination of oil refinery establishment and large hinterland.

Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 221-224

SETTLEMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Effects of Urbanisation - Social and Economic Problems
Effects of Urbanisation and Solutions
Introduction to Environment, Management and Conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain congestion problems in urban areas. Describe unemployment and pressure on social amenities. Account for environmental degradation in cities. Analyze increased crime and family breakdown issues.

Discussion on urban congestion during rush hours and events. Analysis of unemployment problems and job market limitations. Study of pressure on educational, health and infrastructure facilities. Examination of pollution, noise and garbage management problems.

Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
Charts showing ecosystem components, Pictures of local environment, Newspaper cuttings on environmental issues

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 227-230

MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

The Need for Environmental Management and Conservation
Environmental Hazards: Natural Disasters
Environmental Hazards: Drought, Fires and Other Hazards
Floods: Causes, Effects and Control Measures
Lightning, Windstorms, Pests and Diseases
Pollution: Types, Causes and Control Measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain reasons why environmental management and conservation is necessary. Analyze the relationship between human activities and environmental degradation. Evaluate the concept of sustainable development.

Review previous lesson through Q/A. Detailed discussion on seven key reasons for conservation: future generations, benefit of all, sustenance of human life, economic value, aesthetic value, protection of endangered species, environmental protection. Case study analysis of Kenya's conservation efforts. Assignment on local conservation examples.

Maps showing conservation areas in Kenya, Photos of endangered species, Economic data charts
World maps showing disaster-prone areas, Photos/videos of natural disasters, Richter Scale charts, News reports on recent disasters
Maps of drought-prone areas in Africa, Photos of desertification, Newspaper reports on industrial accidents, Charts showing oil spill effects
Maps of flood-prone areas in Kenya, Photos of flood damage, Diagrams of flood control structures, Case study materials
Diagrams of lightning formation, Photos of lightning arresters, Maps showing tsetse fly distribution, Health campaign materials, Charts on pest control methods
Photos of polluted environments, Charts showing pollution sources, Water quality test kits, Sound level meters (if available), Government policy documents

KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 229-231