Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Hygiene practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of hygiene in rearing domestic animals
- Identify hygiene practices in rearing domestic animals
- Appreciate the need for hygiene in animal rearing

- Search for information on hygienic practices in rearing domestic animals (clean feeders and waterers, clean animal housing, clean animals)
- Discuss findings and write short notes
- Present findings to classmates

How can we maintain hygiene while rearing animals?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 53
- Digital resources
- Print media
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Presentations

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Items for maintaining hygiene
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Field visit
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Cleaning animal feeders and waterers
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Cleaning animal houses
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Cleaning animals
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Importance of hygiene in animal rearing
Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Pest and disease control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify items used in rearing domestic animals
- Explain how to maintain hygiene of these items
- Value cleanliness in animal rearing

- Demonstrate cleaning of animals
- Apply appropriate animal cleaning techniques
- Handle animals with care

- Study pictures showing items used in rearing domestic animals
- Identify the items shown in the pictures
- Discuss how the items should be kept hygienic
- Share ideas with classmates
- Wear protective equipment and approach animals calmly
- Use appropriate cleaning methods for different animals
- Groom animals using appropriate tools
- Clean animal coats, feet, and other parts as needed
- Observe safety precautions when handling animals

What items should be kept hygienic when rearing domestic animals?
How do we clean animals to maintain their health?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 54
- Pictures showing animal rearing items
- Digital resources
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 55
- Exercise book and pen
- Protective equipment
- Digital camera
- Clean water
- Brush
- Soap
- Dirty animal feeders and waterers
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 56
- Broom
- Scrubbing brush
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 57
- Clean water
- Brushes
- Cleaning materials
- Protective equipment
- Flashcards
- Chart paper
- Markers
- Digital resources
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 58
- Pictures of common animal pests
- Chart showing pest control methods

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification
- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Hygiene Practices

Hygiene in Rearing Animals - Review of animal hygiene
Laundry: Loose Coloured Items - How to launder loose-coloured articles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize hygiene practices in rearing domestic animals
- Explain the importance of each practice
- Show commitment to animal welfare

- Review all hygiene practices in rearing domestic animals
- Discuss the importance of each practice
- Complete an assessment on animal hygiene
- Share assessments with classmates

Why is it important to maintain hygiene when rearing animals?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 58
- Assessment sheets
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 59
- Print media

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assessment

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose Coloured Items - Sorting in laundry
Laundry: Loose Coloured Items - Washing loose-coloured articles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of sorting in laundry
- Identify factors to consider when sorting laundry
- Value proper sorting in laundry

- Discuss the meaning of sorting in laundry
- Identify factors for sorting (type of fabric, color, size and weight, amount of dirt)
- Explain the importance of sorting in laundry
- Demonstrate sorting of different garment articles

Why is sorting important when laundering loose-coloured articles?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 60
- Different garment articles
- Laundry baskets
- Digital resources
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 61
- Dirty loose-coloured articles
- Clean water
- Soap
- Salt
- Basins

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose Coloured Items - Drying loose-coloured articles
Laundry: Loose Coloured Items - Finishing loose-coloured items
Laundry: Loose Coloured Items - Storing laundered articles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate drying of loose-coloured articles
- Apply appropriate drying techniques
- Value proper drying for garment care

- Demonstrate finishing of loose-coloured articles
- Apply appropriate finishing techniques
- Work safely with ironing equipment

- Hang the washed loose-coloured article to dry on a clothesline
- Fix the article with pegs
- Ensure the article is hung inside out to prevent fading
- Collect the article after it has completely dried
- Show the dried article to classmates
- Iron the dry loose-coloured article to smooth out wrinkles and creases
- Put the article on a hanger in a wardrobe or fold it and store in a box
- Show classmates how to store the article after finishing
- Close the wardrobe or box to protect clothes from gathering dust

How do we dry loose-coloured articles to maintain their color?
How do we finish loose-coloured articles after laundering?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 61
- Washed loose-coloured articles
- Clothesline
- Pegs
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 62
- Dry loose-coloured articles
- Iron box
- Storage space (box or wardrobe)
- Laundered articles
- Storage containers
- Hangers
- Wardrobe or storage box

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Hygiene Practices

Laundry: Loose Coloured Items - Laundry products for different fabrics
Laundry: Loose Coloured Items - Review of laundering loose-coloured articles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify laundry products for different fabrics
- Explain when to use specific laundry products
- Make informed choices about laundry products

- Discuss different laundry products (detergents, fabric softeners, stain removers)
- Explain which products are suitable for different types of fabrics
- Discuss eco-friendly laundry products
- Create a chart showing fabrics and suitable laundry products
- Share charts with classmates

What laundry products are suitable for different fabrics?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 63
- Samples of laundry products
- Chart paper
- Markers
- Digital resources
- Assessment sheets
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Chart assessment

Production Techniques

Sewing Skills: Knitting - Basic knitting stitches
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Identifying knit and purl stitches
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Casting on

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of knitting
- Identify basic knitting stitches
- Appreciate knitting as a useful skill

- Search for information and pictures on knitting stitches (knit and purl)
- Discuss findings and write short notes
- Share findings with classmates

How do you knit an article for household use?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 64
- Digital resources
- Print media
- Reference materials
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 65
- Pictures showing knitting stitches
- Knitted garments
- Digital camera
- Two knitting needles
- Yarn
- Scissors

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Production Techniques

Sewing Skills: Knitting - Making a knit stitch
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Making a purl stitch
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Continuing knitting rows
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Understanding patterns
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Identifying household knitted articles
Sewing Skills: Knitting - Making a household article

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate making a knit stitch
- Follow correct knitting procedures
- Show patience in learning a new skill

- Identify household articles that can be knitted
- Explain the purpose of different knitted articles
- Appreciate the utility of knitted items

- Insert and push right needle into loop on left side from bottom to back
- Wrap working yarn around right needle from back to front
- Pull yarn down through the loop on left needle
- Pull stitch from left needle with right needle
- Pull working yarn to tighten stitch
- Continue until all stitches are transferred to right needle
- Describe and show classmates how to make knit stitches
- Study pictures showing knitted articles (scarves, mats, table wipers, etc.)
- Identify the knitted household articles shown in the pictures
- Discuss other articles that can be made by knitting
- Share ideas with classmates

How do we make a knit stitch in knitting?
What household articles can be made using knitting?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 66
- Cast on stitches made previously
- Knitting needles
- Yarn
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 67
- Knit stitches made previously
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 68
- Knitting in progress from previous lessons
- Sample knitting patterns
- Reference materials
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 69
- Pictures showing knitted articles
- Actual knitted household items
- Digital resources
- Two knitting needles
- Yarn
- Scissors

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation
- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Sewing Skills: Knitting - Finishing a knitted article
Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Description of framed suspended gardens

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate finishing techniques for knitted articles
- Cast off properly
- Show pride in completed work

- Cast off once the article is finished
- Cut the working yarn leaving a few inches of tail
- Pull the tail through the last stitch and tighten to secure the end
- Weave in loose ends neatly
- Display the finished article to classmates

How do we properly finish a knitted article?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 70
- Knitted article in progress
- Knitting needles
- Scissors
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 72
- Pictures of framed suspended gardens
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical assessment - Product evaluation

Production Techniques

Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Types of framed suspended gardens
Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Planning a framed suspended garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of framed suspended gardens
- Describe the construction of different garden types
- Show interest in innovative gardening

- Study pictures showing different types of framed suspended gardens
- Describe how the gardens in the pictures are constructed
- Discuss materials used to construct the framed suspended gardens
- Share ideas with classmates

What materials are used to construct framed suspended gardens?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 73
- Pictures of framed suspended gardens
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Drawing materials
- Chart paper
- Sample materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Constructing the frame
Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Fixing containers
Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Preparing growing medium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate constructing a frame for suspended garden
- Use tools safely and correctly
- Show resourcefulness in using available materials

- Demonstrate fixing containers on the frame
- Apply appropriate techniques for container attachment
- Work safely with tools and materials

- Get locally available materials for making a framed suspended garden
- Identify a site for constructing the garden
- Make a framework using poles, nails, and hammer or metal bars
- Ensure the frame is strong and stable
- Observe safety precautions throughout
- Prepare containers for mounting (clean, make drainage holes if needed)
- Fix containers on the framework securely
- Ensure containers are evenly spaced and balanced
- Verify that the structure is stable
- Observe safety precautions throughout

How do we construct a strong frame for a suspended garden?
How do we fix containers securely on the frame?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 74
- Locally available materials (wires, wooden planks, metal bars, poles)
- Tools (hammer, nails)
- Protective equipment
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 74
- Containers (plastic bottles, jerrycans, troughs)
- Wires, strings, or ropes
- Tools (scissors, knife, pliers)
- Protective equipment
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 75
- Soil
- Manure/compost
- Mixing containers

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Production Techniques

Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Planting in suspended garden
Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Maintenance of suspended garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plant crops in the suspended garden
- Select appropriate crops for suspended gardens
- Demonstrate care for planted crops

- Put the soil-manure mixture in the containers on the framework
- Select appropriate planting materials for suspended gardens
- Plant the materials in the containers
- Water the planted crops
- Discuss maintenance requirements

How do we establish crops in a framed suspended garden?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 75
- Growing medium (soil-manure mixture)
- Planting materials
- Water
- Watering can
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 76
- Constructed suspended garden
ing can
- Chart paper
- Markers

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Production Techniques

Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Benefits of suspended gardens

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of framed suspended gardens
- Identify situations where suspended gardens are ideal
- Appreciate innovative farming techniques

- Discuss the benefits of framed suspended gardens (space-saving, decorative, accessible)
- Identify situations where suspended gardens are ideal (urban areas, small spaces)
- Discuss environmental benefits of suspended gardens
- Create a poster highlighting the benefits
- Share posters with classmates

What are the advantages of using framed suspended gardens?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 76
- Chart paper
- Markers
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Production Techniques

Constructing Framed Suspended Garden - Review of suspended gardens
Adding Value to Crop Produce - Ways of adding value
Adding Value to Crop Produce - Value-added products
Adding Value to Crop Produce - Field visit

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize the process of constructing framed suspended gardens
- Evaluate the success of the garden construction
- Show pride in innovative gardening

- Identify value-added crop products
- Explain how raw crops are transformed into value-added products
- Value innovation in food processing

- Review the entire process of constructing framed suspended gardens
- Discuss challenges faced and solutions found
- Evaluate the success of the garden construction
- Complete an assessment on suspended gardens
- Share assessments with classmates
- Study pictures showing value-added products
- Identify the products shown in the pictures
- Discuss the process of transforming raw crops into these products
- Share ideas with classmates

What have we learned about constructing framed suspended gardens?
How can we transform raw crop produce into value-added products?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 76
- Assessment sheets
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Constructed suspended garden
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 77
- Pictures of crop produce
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 78
- Pictures of value-added products
- Actual value-added products if available
- Digital resources
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 79
- Exercise book and pen
- Protective equipment
- Digital camera

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assessment - Self-evaluation
- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Adding Value to Crop Produce - Value addition through drying

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate value addition through drying method
- Follow correct drying procedures
- Work safely with food processing equipment

- Wash and rinse crops like cassava with clean water
- Peel if necessary and slice into thin pieces
- Put the sliced pieces in the sun to dry
- Keep turning the slices to dry evenly
- Collect when completely dried
- Pack in appropriate materials and store in a cool dry place

How can we add value to crop produce through drying?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 79
- Raw crop produce (cassava, sweet potato)
- Knife
- Drying rack or tray
- Clean water
- Basins
- Packaging materials
- Protective equipment

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Production Techniques

Adding Value to Crop Produce - Value addition by frying
Adding Value to Crop Produce - Value addition of groundnuts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate value addition by frying method
- Follow correct frying procedures
- Maintain safety when cooking

- Wash and rinse potatoes in clean water
- Peel if necessary and slice into thin round pieces
- Put cooking oil in pan over heat source for deep frying
- Put potato slices in hot oil and add salt to taste
- Keep turning to cook evenly until crispy
- Remove from heat and cool down
- Pack in packaging materials and store

How can we add value to crop produce through frying?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 80
- Raw potatoes
- Knife
- Source of heat
- Wide pan or sufuria
- Cooking oil
- Salt
- Clean water
- Basins
- Packaging materials
- Protective equipment
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 81
- Raw groundnuts
- Sufuria
- Pestle and mortar

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Production Techniques

Adding Value to Crop Produce - Marketing value-added products
Adding Value to Crop Produce - Review of value addition
Making Homemade Soap - Forms of soap
Making Homemade Soap - Uses of household soaps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to market value-added products
- Identify marketing strategies for value-added products
- Appreciate the economic benefits of value addition

- Explain the importance of making homemade soap
- Identify different forms of homemade soap
- Appreciate the value of homemade products

- Discuss different marketing strategies for value-added products
- Create attractive packaging for value-added products
- Calculate potential profit margins for value-added products
- Create a marketing plan for a value-added product
- Share marketing plans with classmates
- Discuss the importance of making homemade soap
- Study pictures showing forms of homemade soap
- Identify the types of homemade soap shown
- Discuss household uses of each form of soap
- Share ideas with classmates

How can we market value-added crop products?
How can we make soap using natural ingredients?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 82
- Value-added products
- Packaging materials
- Chart paper
- Markers
- Calculator
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 83
- Assessment sheets
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 84
- Pictures of different forms of soap
- Samples of soap if available
- Digital resources
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 85
- Pictures showing soap uses
- Samples of different soap forms

- Observation - Oral questions - Marketing plan assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Making Homemade Soap - Natural ingredients for soap

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify natural ingredients for making soap
- Explain the purpose of each ingredient
- Show interest in natural products

- Discuss natural ingredients for making soap (ashes, water, animal fats, plant oils, salt)
- Study pictures showing ingredients for making homemade soap
- Identify the ingredients shown in the pictures
- Discuss how to obtain each ingredient locally
- Share ideas with classmates

What natural ingredients can be used for making homemade soap?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 86
- Pictures of soap ingredients
- Samples of ingredients if available
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Picture identification

Production Techniques

Making Homemade Soap - Field visit
Making Homemade Soap - Making liquid soap

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Observe soap making in a real setting
- Ask relevant questions about soap making
- Show interest in homemade product creation

- Visit a person or group who make homemade soaps in the community
- Study the processes of making different forms of homemade soaps
- Ask questions to understand the soap-making process
- Take pictures if possible
- Discuss findings and share experiences

How is homemade soap made in the community?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 86
- Exercise book and pen
- Protective equipment
- Digital camera
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 87
- Wood ash
- Table salt
- Animal fat
- Distilled water
- Buckets
- Source of heat
- Utensils for mixing
- Storage containers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written report

Production Techniques

Making Homemade Soap - Making bar and powder soap
Making Homemade Soap - Making paste soap
Making Homemade Soap - Review of homemade soap making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate making of bar and powder soap
- Follow correct soap-making procedures
- Maintain safety throughout the process

- Mix wood ash with distilled water and filter to make lye
- Heat animal fat until melted and strain to remove impurities
- Add lye water to melted fat and stir constantly
- Heat mixture and stir until it thickens
- Pour into molds lined with parchment paper
- Allow to rest, harden, and cure for several weeks
- Grind some pieces into powder for powder soap

How do we make homemade bar and powder soap?

- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 88
- Wood ash
- Table salt
- Animal fat
- Distilled water
- Buckets
- Source of heat
- Utensils for mixing
- Molds
- Grater
- Storage containers
- Protective equipment
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 90
- Bucket
- Highland Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 7 pg. 92
- Assessment sheets
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Homemade soap samples

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation