Measurements

Pythagorean Relationship - Sides of a right-angled triangle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recognize the sides of a right-angled triangle in different situations
- Identify the hypotenuse, base and height of a right-angled triangle
- Show interest in learning about right-angled triangles

- Draw and represent practical cases of right-angled triangles such as a ladder leaning against a wall
- Identify the sides of the triangle formed as hypotenuse, height and base
- Measure the length of sides of right-angled triangles

How do we identify sides of a right-angled triangle?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 116
- Squared paper
- Ruler
- Ladder or long stick

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Measurements

Pythagorean Relationship - Deriving Pythagorean relationship
Pythagorean Relationship - Working with Pythagorean relationship
Pythagorean Relationship - Applications of Pythagorean relationship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify Pythagorean relationship in different situations
- Establish the relationship between the squares of sides of a right-angled triangle
- Appreciate the Pythagorean relationship in right-angled triangles

- Draw right-angled triangles using squares
- Work out the area of each square on the sides of the triangle
- Relate the areas to derive the Pythagorean relationship
- Establish that the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of squares of the other two sides

How do we identify the Pythagorean relationship?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 117
- Squared or graph paper
- Ruler
- Page 118
- Calculator
- Page 119
- Metre rule
- Tape measure

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Class activities

Measurements

Length - Conversion of units of length
Length - Addition and subtraction of length
Length - Multiplication and division of length

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert units of length from one form to another involving cm, dm, m, Dm, Hm
- Arrange units of length in ascending and descending order
- Appreciate the importance of converting units of length

- Measure different lengths using various units
- Create conversion tables for units of length
- Perform conversions between different units of length
- Arrange units of length in ascending and descending order

What is the relationship between different units of length?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 122
- One-metre stick or string
- Ruler or metre rule
- Page 125
- Conversion tables of units of length
- Page 126
- Writing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Length - Perimeter of plane figures
Length - Circumference of circles

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define perimeter as the distance around a plane figure
- Calculate the perimeter of plane figures
- Appreciate the concept of perimeter in daily activities

- Make paper cut-outs of different plane figures
- Measure the distance around each shape using string and ruler
- Add the lengths of the sides to find perimeter
- Work out the perimeter of various plane figures including squares, rectangles and irregular shapes

How do we determine the perimeter of a shape?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 128
- Paper cut-outs
- Ruler
- String
- Page 130
- Set square
- Circular objects

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Length - Applications of length
Area - Square metre, acres and hectares

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply perimeter and circumference in real life situations
- Solve problems involving perimeter and circumference
- Value the application of length measurements in solving problems

- Identify real-life situations where perimeter and circumference are used
- Work out problems involving fencing, binding edges, and circular objects
- Discuss the application of perimeter and circumference in agriculture, construction and other fields

How do we use measurements of length in daily activities?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 132
- Measuring tools
- Models of different shapes
- Page 135
- 1 m sticks
- Ruler
- Pieces of string or masking tape

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Area - Area of rectangle and parallelogram

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Work out the area of a rectangle
- Work out the area of a parallelogram
- Appreciate the use of area in real life situations

- Create rectangles and parallelograms using sticks and strings
- Establish the formula for area of rectangle as length × width
- Transform a rectangle to a parallelogram to establish that area of a parallelogram = base × height

How do we calculate the area of a rectangle and a parallelogram?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 137
- Pieces of string or masking tape
- Sticks
- Paper
- Scissors

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Area - Area of a rhombus
Area - Area of a trapezium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a rhombus as a special parallelogram with all sides equal
- Calculate the area of a rhombus
- Show interest in learning about rhombuses

- Create a rhombus from a square by manipulating the vertices
- Establish two methods for calculating the area of a rhombus: base × height and half the product of diagonals
- Measure diagonals of rhombuses and calculate their areas

How do we calculate the area of a rhombus?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 139
- Four pieces of stick of equal length
- Pieces of string or masking tape
- Paper
- Scissors
- Page 141
- Ruler
- Pieces of paper
- Pair of scissors

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Area - Area of a circle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Work out the area of circles
- Derive the formula for the area of a circle
- Appreciate the importance of calculating areas of circles

- Draw a circle and divide it into sectors
- Rearrange the sectors to form a shape resembling a rectangle
- Derive the formula for the area of a circle as πr²
- Calculate areas of circles with different radii

How do we calculate the area of a circle?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 143
- Pieces of paper
- Pair of scissors
- Ruler
- Pair of compasses

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Area - Area of borders
Area - Area of combined shapes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a border as the region between two shapes
- Calculate the area of borders
- Value the application of area of borders in real life

- Create borders by placing one shape inside another
- Calculate the area of a border by subtracting the area of the inner shape from the area of the outer shape
- Solve real-life problems involving borders

How do we calculate the area of a border?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 144
- Pair of scissors
- Pieces of paper
- Ruler
- Page 146

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Area - Applications of area

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply formulas for areas of different shapes in real life situations
- Solve problems involving area
- Recognise use of area in real life situations

- Discuss the application of area in different fields such as construction, agriculture, and interior design
- Calculate areas of various shapes in real-life contexts
- Solve problems involving area measurements

Where do we apply area measurements in real life?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 147
- Chart showing area formulas
- Calculator

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Volume and Capacity - Cubic metre as unit of volume
Volume and Capacity - Conversion of cubic metres to cubic centimetres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify cubic metre (m³) as a unit of volume
- Construct a model of a cubic metre
- Appreciate the cubic metre as a standard unit of volume

- Join twelve sticks of length 1 m each to form a cube
- Cover the cube with paper to make a closed cube
- Discuss the volume of a cubic metre (1m × 1m × 1m = 1m³)
- Identify real-life applications of cubic metres

How do we use cubic metre to work out volume?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 149
- Twelve sticks of length 1 m each
- Old pieces of paper
- Pair of scissors
- Ruler
- Page 150
- A cube whose sides measure 1 m

- Observation - Oral questions - Class activities

Measurements

Volume and Capacity - Conversion of cubic centimetres to cubic metres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert volume from cubic centimetres to cubic metres
- Solve problems involving conversion of units of volume
- Value the importance of converting units of volume

- Measure dimensions of various objects in centimetres and calculate their volumes in cubic centimetres
- Convert the volumes from cubic centimetres to cubic metres
- Establish that to convert from cubic centimetres to cubic metres, divide by 1,000,000

How do we convert volume in cubic centimetres to cubic metres?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 152
- Ruler or tape measure
- Calculator

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Volume and Capacity - Volume of cubes and cuboids
Volume and Capacity - Volume of a cylinder

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate the volume of cubes
- Calculate the volume of cuboids
- Appreciate the use of volume in real life situations

- Create models of cubes and cuboids using clay or plasticine
- Measure the dimensions of the models
- Establish that volume = length × width × height
- Calculate volumes of various cubes and cuboids

How do we calculate the volume of cubes and cuboids?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 153
- Clay or plasticine
- Ruler
- Mathematics textbooks
- Page 155
- Kenyan coins of the same denomination
- Circular objects
- Calculator

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Volume and Capacity - Relationship between cubic measurements and litres

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the relationship between cm³, m³ and litres
- Convert between units of volume and capacity
- Value the relationship between volume and capacity

- Fill a container with water and place it inside a basin
- Lower a cube of known volume into the water
- Measure the volume of water displaced
- Establish that 1,000 cm³ = 1 litre and 1 m³ = 1,000 litres

How many litres is one cubic metre?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 156
- A cube whose sides measure 10 cm
- Container
- Basin
- Graduated cylinder

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Volume and Capacity - Relating volume to capacity
Volume and Capacity - Working out capacity of containers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Relate volume to capacity
- Convert between volume and capacity
- Show interest in the relationship between volume and capacity

- Calculate the volume of various containers
- Use bottles to fill the containers with water
- Count the number of bottles needed to fill each container
- Compare the volume of containers with their capacity

How is volume related to capacity?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 157
- Bottles with capacities labelled on them
- Containers of different sizes
- Page 158

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Units of measuring time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify units of measuring time
- Read time on analogue and digital clocks
- Appreciate the importance of time in daily activities

- Read time on different types of clocks
- Identify units of time (hours, minutes, seconds)
- Discuss the importance of time management

In which units can we express time?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 160
- Analogue and digital clocks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Conversion of units of time

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert time from one unit to another
- Apply conversion of time in real life situations
- Value the importance of converting units of time

- Create conversion tables for units of time
- Convert between hours, minutes, and seconds
- Solve problems involving conversion of time

How do we convert units of time?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 161
- Conversion tables of units of time

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Conversion of units of distance
Time, Distance and Speed - Identification of speed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert distance from one unit to another
- Apply conversion of distance in real life situations
- Appreciate the importance of converting units of distance

- Estimate distances between places in kilometres
- Convert distances from kilometres to metres and vice versa
- Create conversion tables for units of distance

How do we convert distance from one unit to another?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 162
- Conversion tables of units of distance
- Page 163
- Stopwatch
- Metre stick

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Calculation of speed in m/s

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate speed in metres per second (m/s)
- Apply the formula for speed in real life situations
- Value the importance of speed in daily activities

- Measure distances in metres
- Record time taken to cover the distances in seconds
- Calculate speed by dividing distance by time
- Express speed in metres per second

Which steps do you follow in order to calculate speed in metres per second?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 164
- Stopwatch
- Metre stick
- Calculator

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Calculation of speed in km/h
Time, Distance and Speed - Conversion of speed from km/h to m/s

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate speed in kilometres per hour (km/h)
- Apply the formula for speed in real life situations
- Appreciate the concept of speed in daily life

- Examine signboards showing distances between destinations
- Calculate speed by dividing distance in kilometres by time in hours
- Solve problems involving speed in km/h

Why is speed an important measurement in our daily lives?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 165
- Charts showing distances between locations
- Calculator
- Page 166
- Conversion charts

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Time, Distance and Speed - Conversion of units of speed from m/s to km/h

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert speed from m/s to km/h
- Apply conversion of speed in real life situations
- Appreciate the importance of converting units of speed

- Convert distance from metres to kilometres
- Convert time from seconds to hours
- Apply the relationship: 1 m/s = 3.6 km/h
- Solve problems involving conversion of speed from m/s to km/h

How do we convert speed in metres per second to kilometres per hour?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 168
- Calculator
- Conversion charts

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Temperature - Measuring temperature
Temperature - Comparing temperature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the temperature conditions of the immediate environment
- Measure temperature using a thermometer
- Value the importance of measuring temperature

- Observe and discuss temperature conditions in the environment (warm, hot, cold)
- Use a thermometer to measure temperature
- Record temperature readings in degrees Celsius

How do we measure temperature?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 170
- Thermometer or thermogun
- Page 171
- Thermometer
- Various substances to test temperature

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Temperature - Units of measuring temperature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify units of measuring temperature as degree Celsius and Kelvin
- Appreciate the use of standard units in measuring temperature
- Show interest in temperature measurement

- Discuss the Celsius and Kelvin scales
- Measure temperatures using a thermometer
- Record temperature readings in degrees Celsius
- Discuss absolute zero and the Kelvin scale

In which units do we measure temperature?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 172
- Thermometer
- Temperature charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Temperature - Conversion from degrees Celsius to Kelvin
Temperature - Conversion from Kelvin to degrees Celsius

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Convert temperature from degrees Celsius to Kelvin
- Apply the formula for conversion
- Appreciate the importance of converting units of temperature

- Measure temperatures in degrees Celsius
- Convert the temperatures to Kelvin using the formula K = °C + 273
- Create conversion tables for temperature

How do we convert temperature from degrees Celsius to Kelvin?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 173
- Thermometer
- Ice or very cold water
- Calculator
- Page 174
- Writing materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Temperature - Working out temperature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate temperature changes
- Work out temperature in degrees Celsius and Kelvin
- Appreciate temperature changes in the environment

- Record temperatures at different times of the day
- Calculate temperature differences
- Solve problems involving temperature changes
- Convert temperature changes between Celsius and Kelvin

How do we work out temperature in degrees Celsius and in Kelvin?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 175
- Temperature data
- Calculator

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Money - Profit and loss
Money - Percentage profit and loss

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate profit and loss
- Apply the concepts of profit and loss in real life situations
- Show interest in business transactions

- Role-play shopping and selling activities
- Calculate profit as selling price minus buying price
- Calculate loss as buying price minus selling price
- Solve problems involving profit and loss

How do we work out profit and loss?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 176
- Imitation items
- Imitation money
- Page 179
- Worksheets
- Calculator

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Measurements

Money - Discount

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate discount
- Apply the concept of discount in real life situations
- Appreciate the importance of discount in business

- Role-play shopping scenarios involving discounts
- Calculate discount as marked price minus selling price
- Solve problems involving discounts

How do we calculate discount?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 181
- Writing materials
- Shop price lists

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Money - Percentage discount
Money - Commission

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate percentage discount
- Apply percentage discount in real life situations
- Show interest in percentage discount calculations

- Express discount as a fraction of the marked price
- Convert the fraction to percentage
- Calculate percentage discount in various scenarios
- Solve problems involving percentage discount

How do we calculate percentage discount?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 182
- Worksheets
- Calculator
- Page 184
- Writing materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Money - Percentage commission

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Calculate percentage commission
- Apply percentage commission in real life situations
- Value the concept of percentage commission

- Express commission as a fraction of the value of sales
- Convert the fraction to percentage
- Calculate percentage commission in various scenarios
- Solve problems involving percentage commission

How do we calculate percentage commission?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 186
- Writing materials
- Calculator

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Money - Bills at home
Money - Preparing bills

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of bills
- Interpret bills at home
- Appreciate the importance of bills in financial management

- Study sample bills (water, electricity, internet)
- Identify the components of different bills
- Discuss the importance of understanding bills

How do we interpret bills?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 187
- Sample bills
- Page 188
- Samples of shopping bills
- Imitation money

- Observation - Oral questions - Class activities

Measurements

Money - Postal charges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify postal services
- Calculate postal charges for different items
- Appreciate the importance of postal services

- Visit or discuss about the nearest post office
- Identify services offered at the post office
- Calculate charges for sending letters, parcels, and other items
- Solve problems involving postal charges

How do we calculate charges to send items to different places?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 190
- Inland postal charges tables
- Writing materials

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities

Measurements

Money - International postal charges
Money - Mobile money services
Money - Mobile money transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between inland and international postal services
- Calculate international postal charges
- Value the importance of international postal services

- Study tables showing international postal charges
- Calculate charges for sending items to different countries
- Compare charges for different methods of sending items internationally

How do we calculate charges to send items to other countries?

- Oxford Active Mathematics 7
- Page 192
- International postal charges tables
- Writing materials
- Page 198
- Charts showing mobile money charges
- Page 199
- Mobile money transaction charges charts

- Observation - Written assignments - Class activities