Matter

Properties of matter - Meaning of matter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of matter
- Identify examples of matter in the environment
- Appreciate the existence of matter in the environment

- Brainstorm on the meaning of matter
- Observe things around them
- Identify and list things they can see
- Observe if they occupy space
- Use a sheet of paper to fan their face and note what they feel
- Share findings in a class presentation

How do we define matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 59
- Digital devices
- Pen, notebook, sheet of paper
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - States of matter
Properties of matter - Properties of solids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of solids
Properties of matter - Mass of solids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the three states of matter
- Group objects in the environment into the three states of matter
- Show interest in exploring different states of matter

- Touch and feel the objects around them including water
- Identify the objects and discuss how different objects feel
- Group the objects around them into categories: hard objects that cannot be pressed, visible but not hard objects that can flow, things not visible but can be felt
- Find out the meaning of the term matter

What are the three states of matter?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 60
- Various objects in the immediate environment
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 61
- Various solid objects (stones, books, soil, pebbles)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 62
- Two containers of the same size
- Soil/sand/pebbles
- Stone
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 63
- Various solid objects
- Spring balance (if available)
- Thread or string

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Properties of matter - Measuring mass of solids
Properties of matter - Comparing mass of solids
Properties of matter - Properties of liquids
Properties of matter - Definite volume of liquids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Measure the mass of various solids using a spring balance
- Record the mass of solids
- Appreciate the importance of measuring mass

- Tie a thread or string to a stone
- Hook the string to a spring balance
- Note the reading before taking the masses of the solids
- Weigh the masses, one at a time
- Record the mass of each solid in a table

How do we measure the mass of solids?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 64
- Spring balance
- Thread or string
- Various solids (stones, wood, plastics, bean seeds, books, nails, metal rods)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 65
- Materials for making a beam balance
- Various solid objects of different masses
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 66
- Water
- Transparent containers of different shapes
- Measuring containers
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 67
- Measuring containers of different shapes and sizes

- Observation - Practical activity assessment - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of liquids
Properties of matter - Properties of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that liquids have mass
- Compare the mass of liquids with empty containers
- Value the importance of mass in liquids

- Have two similar jerricans or big water bottles of the same size and material
- Fill one with water and leave the other empty
- Lift the empty bottle and note if it's heavy or light
- Lift the bottle filled with water and note if it's heavy or light
- Determine which bottle is easier to lift
- Explain observations

Do liquids have mass?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 68
- Two similar water bottles or jerricans
- Water
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 69
- Balloons of different sizes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Mass of gases
Properties of matter - Volume of gases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that gases have mass
- Compare the mass of inflated and deflated objects
- Show interest in investigating properties of gases

- Collect two similar balls or balloons (both inflated)
- Get a pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick for deflating
- Use a beam balance to compare masses of two inflated balls/balloons
- Deflate one ball/balloon
- Compare their masses on the beam balance again
- Record observations

Do gases have mass?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 70
- Two similar balls or balloons
- Pin, needle, thorn, or toothpick
- Beam balance
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 71
- Glass
- Piece of cloth or tissue paper
- Basin with water
- Glue

- Observation - Practical assessment - Written work

Matter

Properties of matter - Importance of different states of matter
Management of solid waste - Meaning of solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of different states of matter in daily life
- Give examples of how each state of matter is used
- Appreciate the use of different states of matter in daily life

- Discuss how solids are used in daily life (buildings, utensils, books)
- Discuss how liquids are used (fuel, drinking, cooking, cleaning)
- Discuss how gases are used (cooking gas, air for inflating)
- Search for information on uses of different states of matter
- Share findings

Why are the different states of matter important in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 75
- Digital devices (if available)
- Textbooks
- Charts showing uses of different states of matter
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 77
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Types of solid waste in the environment
Management of solid waste - Decomposable waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste found at home and in school
- List examples of solid waste in various environments
- Appreciate the need to manage solid waste properly

- Identify and discuss types of solid waste likely to be found at home and in school
- List examples of solid waste
- Record findings in a table showing solid waste found at home and in school
- Share findings in a class presentation

What types of solid waste are found in our environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 78
- Pen and notebook
- Immediate environment
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures of decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written work

Matter

Management of solid waste - Non-decomposable waste
Management of solid waste - Sorting solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify non-decomposable solid waste
- Explain what happens to non-decomposable waste over time
- Value proper management of non-decomposable waste

- Study pictures of non-decomposable solid waste
- Discuss what is shown and how it affects the environment
- Discuss what happens if polythene bags, wires, broken glasses, and plastics are left in a covered container for a month
- Record answers in notebook

What happens to non-decomposable waste over time?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 80
- Pictures of non-decomposable waste
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 81
- Two separate dustbins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gear (gloves)
- Solid waste from school compound

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Management of solid waste - Dangers of solid waste
Management of solid waste - Methods of managing solid waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the dangers of solid waste to the environment
- Explain how solid waste affects humans, animals, and plants
- Show concern for the effects of solid waste on the environment

- Study picture of decomposable and non-decomposable solid waste dumped in a water source
- Identify and discuss what is illustrated
- Discuss possible causes and effects on the environment
- Brainstorm solutions to the problem
- Record findings and share with classmates

How is solid waste dangerous to the environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 82
- Pictures showing environmental pollution
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 83
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - The 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
Management of solid waste - Managing waste in classroom

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
- Identify ways of applying the 3Rs in waste management
- Value the importance of the 3Rs in waste management

- Brainstorm on the meaning of reduce, reuse, and recycle
- Study pictures showing methods of managing solid waste
- Come up with ideas of managing various types of solid waste based on the 3Rs
- Create a wheel of ideas for managing solid waste
- Share ideas with peers, family, and community members

How can we apply the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) in managing solid waste?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures showing methods of waste management
- Pen and notebook
- Textbooks
- Digital media (if available)
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 86
- Separate bins for decomposable and non-decomposable waste
- Protective gloves and masks
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Group work assessment - Written assignments

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in school
Management of solid waste - Managing waste at home

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Apply the 3Rs in managing school waste
- Value proper waste management in the school environment

- Identify and collect types of solid waste found in the school
- Discuss how various types of waste can be managed by reducing, reusing, and recycling
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Observe safety measures during waste collection

How can we apply the 3Rs in managing waste in our school?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 87
- Protective gloves and masks
- Collection bins
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 88
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures showing waste management at home

- Observation - Practical assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Managing waste in public functions
Management of solid waste - Safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of solid waste produced in public functions
- Apply the 3Rs in managing waste from public functions
- Value responsible waste management at public events

- Identify and discuss various types of solid waste likely to be produced in public functions
- Categorize waste into decomposable and non-decomposable
- Discuss management of plastic bottles, food remains, glass bottles, broken bottles
- Discuss how event planners can help manage waste
- Discuss application of 3Rs in waste management

How can we manage waste generated at public functions?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 89
- Pen and notebook
- Pictures of public events
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 90
- Pictures showing safety measures
- Personal Protective Equipment (if available)
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Management of solid waste - Project planning
Management of solid waste - Making a waste bin

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify steps for making items from waste
- Plan a project using waste materials
- Show creativity in planning a project

- Discuss steps for making items from waste materials
- Identify locally available materials for projects
- Plan for making a waste bin, toys, or ornaments
- Record project plans

How do we plan a project using waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 91
- Pictures showing steps for projects
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 92
- Locally available materials (cardboard, plastic bottles, sheets of newspaper, carton boxes)
- Tools for cutting and joining materials

- Observation - Planning assessment - Group work evaluation

Matter

Management of solid waste - Making toys or ornaments
Water conservation - Meaning of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make toys or ornaments using waste materials
- Apply creativity in designing toys or ornaments
- Value the importance of recycling waste materials

- Study pictures showing toys made from locally available materials
- Study pictures showing how to make simple bracelets from plastic straws
- Make toys or ornaments using waste materials
- Display completed items
- Share the creative process with classmates

How can we make toys or ornaments from waste materials?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 93
- Waste materials suitable for making toys or ornaments
- Tools for cutting and joining materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures showing water conservation
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Product assessment - Project evaluation

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage
Water conservation - Water wastage in school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted
- Distinguish between proper and improper water use
- Show concern for water wastage

- Study pictures showing water use
- Discuss whether water is being used properly in each picture
- Record findings and share with classmates
- Discuss consequences of water wastage

How is water wasted in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures showing water use
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 97
- Pictures showing water use in school

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Water wastage at home
Water conservation - Ways of using water wisely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways in which water is wasted at home
- Explain consequences of water wastage at home
- Show responsibility in proper water use at home

- Discuss ways in which water is wasted at home
- Identify activities that lead to water wastage
- Discuss the dangers of leaving taps running
- Discuss consequences of wet floors
- Share findings with classmates

How is water wasted in our homes?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures showing water use at home
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 99
- Chart showing different ways of using water

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Methods of conserving water (3Rs)
Water conservation - Reducing water usage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of reducing, reusing, and recycling water
- Identify ways of applying 3Rs in water conservation
- Show interest in water conservation using 3Rs

- Discuss the meaning of reducing, reusing, and recycling in water conservation
- Study pictures showing water conservation methods
- Answer questions about applying 3Rs to water conservation
- Complete a table categorizing conservation methods

How can we apply the 3Rs in water conservation?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 100
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Pen and notebook
- Print and digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures showing ways to reduce water usage
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter

Water conservation - Reusing water
Water conservation - Recycling water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of reusing water
- Apply water-reusing techniques in daily activities
- Appreciate the importance of reusing water

- Discuss the concept of reusing water
- Identify examples: using rinse water for mopping, using water from washing fruits/vegetables for garden watering
- Discuss other methods of reusing water
- Record and share findings

How can we reuse water in our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 102
- Pictures showing ways to reuse water
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures showing water recycling processes

- Observation - Oral questions - Group work assessment

Matter

Water conservation - Importance of water conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of water conservation
- Identify the benefits of conserving water
- Appreciate the value of water conservation

- Read a story about two villages during drought
- Discuss why water conservation is important
- Identify benefits of water conservation mentioned in the story
- Explore problems faced by villages that didn't conserve water
- Suggest solutions to water conservation problems

Why is it important to conserve water?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 104
- Story about water conservation
- Pictures of water storage facilities
- Pen and notebook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Matter
Force and Energy

Water conservation - Responsible water use
Water conservation - Creating water conservation posters
Force and its Effect - Meaning of force

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Practice responsible water use
- Keep a record of water conservation practices
- Value responsible water use habits

- Keep a journal of ways in which they practice responsible water use
- Record observations at the end of every week
- Share experiences with other learners
- Exchange ideas on responsible water use habits
- Share ideas with family and community

How can we practice responsible water use in our daily lives?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 105
- Journal for recording observations
- Pen and notebook
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 106
- Cardboard paper, sheets of paper
- Masking tape, glue
- Digital devices (if available)
- Coloring materials
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 111
- Digital media
- Heavy objects for moving

- Observation - Journal assessment - Self-evaluation

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Types of forces
Force and its Effect - Force of gravity
Force and its Effect - Force of friction
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change of shape

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of forces in nature
- Demonstrate the existence of force of gravity
- Value the role of gravity in our daily lives

- Use print and non-print media to search for information about types of forces
- Discuss findings with peers
- Throw objects upwards and observe them falling back
- Discuss why objects fall back to the ground

Why do objects fall back to the ground when released from a height?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 113
- Various objects to demonstrate gravity
- Digital resources
- Balls
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 114
- Various objects to demonstrate friction
- Rough and smooth surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 115
- Paper
- Malleable objects

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Start and stop motion
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Change direction and increase speed
Force and its Effect - Effects of force: Hold objects together
Force and its Effect - Uses of force in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate that force can start motion
- Show that force can stop moving objects
- Value the effects of force in daily activities

- Kick a ball towards a friend
- Stop a moving ball with foot
- Discuss what makes the ball move and stop
- Record observations in notebooks

What makes a ball move? What makes a ball stop moving?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 116
- Balls
- Open space for activities
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 117
- Swings
- Hard surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pieces of wood
- Nails
- Hammer or carpenter's glue
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 122
- Digital resources
- Wheelbarrow
- Pictures showing use of force

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Smoothening surfaces
Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using lubricants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of minimizing friction
- Demonstrate how smoothening surfaces reduces friction
- Value the importance of reducing friction

- Observe writing and sitting surfaces of desks
- Discuss why surfaces of rolling boards and pins are smoothened
- Give examples of surfaces that are smoothened to minimize friction

Why are the surfaces of the rolling board and pin smoothened?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 125
- Sandpaper
- Wood planer
- Smooth and rough surfaces
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 126
- Lubricants (oil, grease)
- Pictures of machines

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Force and its Effect - Ways of minimizing friction: Using rollers and ball bearings
Light - Meaning of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how rollers and ball bearings reduce friction
- Identify places where rollers and ball bearings are used
- Show interest in ways of reducing friction

- Pull loads on rough surfaces and with improvised rollers
- Discuss the use of rollers in daily life
- Observe and discuss how ball bearings work
- Record observations in notebooks

When is it easier to move a load?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 127
- Rollers
- Pictures of ball bearings
- Heavy objects for demonstrations
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 135
- Classroom with windows/curtains
- Written text on board

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical activities

Force and Energy

Light - Sources of light: Natural sources
Light - Sources of light: Artificial sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify natural sources of light
- Distinguish between natural and artificial sources of light
- Show interest in learning about light sources

- Search for information about sources of light
- Identify natural sources of light (sun, stars)
- Discuss and record observations
- Share findings with peers

What are the natural sources of light in our environment?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 136
- Digital resources
- Pictures of light sources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 137
- Various artificial light sources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Using windows
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Translucent roofs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe how windows are used to light a house
- Compare well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Appreciate the importance of natural lighting

- Observe pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Discuss the importance of windows in lighting
- Compare rooms with large windows versus small windows
- Record observations

Which room is well-lit? Why?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 138
- Pictures of well-lit and poorly-lit rooms
- Classroom with windows
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 140
- Pictures of buildings with translucent roofs
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house: Artificial lighting
Light - Ways of lighting a house: Solar lighting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial ways of lighting a house
- Describe various artificial lighting sources
- Appreciate the importance of proper lighting

- Observe and discuss different artificial lighting methods
- Identify common artificial lighting sources in homes
- Discuss safety measures when using artificial lighting
- Record observations

What are some artificial ways of lighting a house?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 141
- Various artificial light sources
- Pictures of lighting methods
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 142
- Pictures of solar panels
- Digital resources
- Solar powered devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Plants and light
Light - Uses of light: Safety and security

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how plants use light
- Describe the importance of light for plant growth
- Value the role of light in nature

- Observe pictures showing plants in light and darkness
- Discuss why plants need sunlight for healthy growth
- Search for information on how plants use light
- Record observations

Why do plants require sunlight for healthy growth?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 143
- Pictures of plants
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 145
- Pictures of well-lit and dark roads

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light: Reading and eye health
Light - Applications of light: Communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe good lighting for reading
- Explain how poor lighting affects eye health
- Value the importance of eye care

- Discuss why we strain our eyes in poorly lit rooms
- Explain why it's important to read in well-lit rooms
- Discuss eye care practices and the importance of reporting eye problems
- Record observations

Why do we strain our eyes when we try to read in a poorly-lit room?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 144
- Pictures showing reading in different lighting conditions
- Digital resources
- Pictures of traffic lights

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Discouraging pests
Light - Applications of light: Daily activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light discourages pests
- Identify pests that hide in dark places
- Show interest in maintaining well-lit spaces

- Observe pictures of pests that hide in dark places
- Discuss why pests like cockroaches and rats prefer darkness
- Explain how good lighting discourages pest breeding
- Record observations

Where do pests such as rats and cockroaches hide in the house?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 147
- Pictures of pests
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Charts on light applications

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light: Summary and review
Heat - Meaning of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize the various uses and applications of light
- Explain the importance of light in our lives
- Appreciate light as an essential resource

- Review all sources and applications of light
- Discuss the importance of light for vision and activities
- Complete assessment activities on light
- Share knowledge with peers

How does light affect our daily activities?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 149
- Digital resources
- Assessment worksheets
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 151
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Sun
Heat - Sources of heat: Fire

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the sun as a source of heat
- Describe how solar energy is used as heat
- Appreciate the sun as a natural heat source

- Discuss the sun as a source of heat
- Explain how water can be warmed using sunlight
- Observe pictures of solar cookers
- Record observations

What does a solar cooker use as a source of energy?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 153
- Pictures of solar cookers
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 154
- Pictures of fire sources
- Digital resources
- Samples of briquettes

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat: Gas
Heat - Sources of heat: Electricity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify gas as a source of heat
- Describe how gas produces heat
- Show awareness of safety when using gas

- Search for information on gas as a heat source
- Discuss how gas produces heat
- Learn about safety measures when using gas
- Record observations

What precautions should one observe when using gas as a source of heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 155
- Pictures of gas cylinders and cookers
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 156
- Pictures of electric cookers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Cooking
Heat - Uses of heat: Warming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how heat is used for cooking
- Identify various cooking methods that use heat
- Appreciate the importance of heat in food preparation

- Observe various cooking activities
- Discuss how heat is used to prepare meals
- Identify different cooking methods
- Record observations

How do we get meals ready after preparing ingredients?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 158
- Pictures of cooking activities
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 159
- Pictures of warming activities

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat: Drying
Heat - Uses of heat: Ironing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how heat is used for drying
- Describe various drying applications
- Appreciate the importance of heat in preservation

- Observe the drying of clothes, crops, fish in the sun
- Discuss why drying is important for preservation
- Identify items that are dried using heat
- Record observations

Why are harvested crops such as grains dried in the sun?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of drying activities
- Digital resources
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 161
- Pictures of different types of irons

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Safety measures when handling heat
Heat - Importance of heat in daily life
Heat - Project: Making kitchen gloves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe safety measures when handling heat
- Identify potential dangers of heat sources
- Value the importance of safety

- Search for information on safety measures when handling heat
- Discuss safe ways to handle hot items
- Identify protective gear for handling heat
- Record observations

Why is it important to observe safety measures when handling heat?

- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 162
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing safety practices
- KLB Science and Technology Grade 4 Learner's Book pg. 165
- Pictures showing uses of heat
- Paper for patterns
- Fabric pieces
- Scissors
- Needles and thread

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments