INSURANCE
PRODUCT PROMOTION

Insurance versus Gambling.
Purposes of product promotion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw contrast between insurance and gambling.

Oral questions & brief discussion;
Review questions.

video,newspaper
text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 109-110

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Personal selling of products.
Personal selling procedure. Advantages & disadvantages of personal selling.
Shows, trade fairs and exhibitions.
Advertising. Definition & aims of advertising.
Types of advertising.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe personal selling of product as a method of product promotion.
Cite circumstances when personal selling of products is appropriate.
Outline qualities of a good salesperson.

Oral questions;
Explanations;
Discussion.

text book

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 112-3

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Advertisement media. Newspapers, magazines and periodicals.
Posters, billboards & transit advertising.
Electronic advertising.
Advertising agencies. Advantages & disadvantages of Advertisement.
Publicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



State advantages and disadvantages of advertising in newspapers, magazines and periodicals.

Brain storming;
Probing questions
Discussion.

newspaper,magazines
television,text book
tv,video
tv,newspaper
text book

Pg 119-121

PRODUCT PROMOTION

Public relations.
Other methods of product promotion.
Sales promotion Definition and importance.
Methods of sales promotion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of public relations activities.
State advantages & disadvantages of
public relations as a method of product promotion.

text book
text book,tv
tv,magazines

New Inventor KLB BOOK II Pg 129

PRODUCT PROMOTION
SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Ethical issues in product promotion.
Current trends and emerging issues in product promotion.
Concept of firm and industry, factors determining size of firm

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some ethical issues related to product promotion.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Open discussion.

text book
internet,magazines
Textbook, local business examples, charts, case studies

New Inventor KLB BOOK IIPg 135-6

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Factors limiting firm size and production decisions
Government policies and location factors - comprehensive analysis
Transport networks, security and localization concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and explain factors limiting firm size
-Analyze market size impact on firm expansion
-Examine availability of factors of production
-Discuss nature of product/service limitations
-Evaluate owner's decision impact on firm size
-Explain entrepreneurial decisions on production
-Analyze factors influencing what to produce
-Examine demand, resources and skills requirements
-Discuss technology, returns and cost considerations

- Case studies on transport industry reforms 2004
-Discussion on medical care and hairdressing services
-Analysis of owner preferences for small-scale operations
-Group work on production decision factors
-Examination of market demand analysis
-Discussion on resource availability for production
-Analysis of skill requirements for different businesses
-Case studies on technology choice decisions

Textbook, transport industry examples, service business cases, charts
Textbook, government policy examples, Figure 2.1, infrastructure maps
Textbook, transport maps, security examples, agricultural cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 19-20

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Advantages and disadvantages of localization
Delocalisation policy and implementation
Advantages and disadvantages of delocalisation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify and explain employment creation through localization
-Analyze service industries development benefits
-Examine subsidiary industries creation
-Discuss economies of scale benefits
-Evaluate development and urbanization advantages
-Analyze congestion and overpopulation problems
-Examine increased crime rate issues
-Discuss adverse environmental problems
-Evaluate unbalanced regional development effects
-Assess massive unemployment possibilities

- Discussion on employment opportunities creation
-Analysis of specialized service industries growth
-Case studies on subsidiary industries development
-Group work on large-scale production benefits
-Examination of infrastructure development
-Discussion on rural-urban migration effects
-Analysis of congestion and health hazards
-Case studies on crime and prostitution increases
-Examination of environmental pollution problems
-Discussion on regional development imbalances

Textbook, employment data, environmental examples, urban planning cases
Textbook, government policy documents, rural development cases
Textbook, rural development examples, cost-benefit analysis

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 23-24

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Economies of scale - internal economies comprehensive analysis
External economies and specialization benefits

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economies of scale and their importance
-Distinguish between internal and external economies
-Analyze purchasing economies and bulk buying benefits
-Examine technical economies and specialized machinery
-Discuss staff economies and specialized personnel
-Evaluate financial economies and access to capital
-Analyze selling and marketing economies
-Examine staff welfare economies and employee benefits
-Discuss research economies and development benefits
-Evaluate inventory and transport economies

- Definition and explanation of economies concept
-Analysis of bulk purchasing discounts
-Case studies on specialized machinery benefits
-Discussion on specialized staff advantages
-Examination of asset-based borrowing capacity
-Group work on marketing advantages
-Analysis of employee welfare provision
-Case studies on research and development
-Discussion on inventory management benefits
-Examination of transport cost advantages

Textbook, business examples, machinery illustrations, financial cases
Textbook, industry examples, infrastructure maps, specialization cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 25-27

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Diseconomies of scale - internal and external
Existence of small firms and their advantages
Environmental impact and health implications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define diseconomies of scale and their causes
-Analyze Figure 2.2 LAC curve and diminishing returns
-Examine internal diseconomies affecting single firms
-Discuss marketing diseconomies and limited markets
-Analyze management diseconomies and complexity
-Examine factor market diseconomies and shortages
-Discuss overhead diseconomies and rising costs
-Evaluate technical diseconomies and capacity utilization
-Analyze external diseconomies affecting all firms
-Examine congestion, raw material and skilled labor shortages

- Analysis of Figure 2.2 and cost curve explanation
-Discussion on average cost increases
-Case studies on marketing difficulties
-Examination of management complexity problems
-Group work on factor shortage effects
-Analysis of overhead cost increases
-Discussion on equipment underutilization
-Case studies on industry-wide problems
-Examination of congestion and traffic costs
-Discussion on power shortages and rationing

Textbook, Figure 2.2, cost analysis examples, industry cases
Textbook, small business examples, market analysis, comparison charts
Textbook, environmental examples, health data, pollution cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 28-29

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM

Maintaining healthy environment and business responsibility
Pertinent issues - workers' rights and child labor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways to maintain healthy environment
-Analyze business responsibility to society
-Examine environmental conservation for future generations
-Discuss value addition to environment concept
-Evaluate general cleanliness and hygiene maintenance
-Analyze pollution control measures
-Examine appropriate farming and technology use
-Discuss afforestation and re-afforestation activities
-Evaluate appropriate mining and fishing techniques
-Assess environmental law observance requirements

- Discussion on business environmental responsibility
-Analysis of environmental conservation importance
-Case studies on value addition to environment
-Group work on cleanliness maintenance methods
-Examination of pollution control techniques
-Discussion on appropriate farming methods
-Analysis of afforestation programs
-Case studies on sustainable mining practices
-Examination of environmental law compliance
-Discussion on protective equipment provision

Textbook, environmental conservation examples, law documents
Textbook, labor law documents, case studies, Children's Act

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 31-32

SIZE AND LOCATION OF A FIRM
PRODUCT MARKETS
PRODUCT MARKETS

Environmental degradation, localization effects and practical applications
Introduction and meaning of market
Essential features and product market definition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze environmental degradation from production
-Examine waste disposal and pollution control
-Discuss global warming contribution
-Evaluate localization concentration effects
-Analyze unplanned urban development
-Examine congestion and housing shortages
-Discuss crime and prostitution increases
-Evaluate government intervention needs
-Apply all concepts to real business situations
-Prepare comprehensive assessment review

- Discussion on environmental responsibility
-Analysis of waste disposal methods
-Case studies on global warming effects
-Group work on localization problems
-Examination of urban planning challenges
-Discussion on social problem increases
-Analysis of government intervention strategies
-Practical application exercises
-Comprehensive review of all concepts
-Assessment preparation activities

Textbook, environmental cases, urban planning examples, assessment materials
Textbook, market examples, charts
Textbook, market scenarios, classification charts

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 32-33

PRODUCT MARKETS

Types of product markets overview
Pure competition - sellers, buyers and products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify four main product market types
-Introduce perfect competition concept
-Outline pure monopoly characteristics
-Describe monopolistic competition features
-Explain oligopoly market structure

- Overview of all market types
-Introduction to market structure concepts
-Discussion on market characteristics
-Group work on type identification
-Preliminary analysis of each structure

Textbook, market structure charts, examples
Textbook, competition examples, product cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 41

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pure competition - restraints and factor mobility
Pure competition - costs and market knowledge
Perfect competition vs pure competition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain absence of artificial restraints
-Analyze price determination freedom
-Examine factor mobility requirements
-Discuss alternative factor uses
-Evaluate geographical factor movement

- Discussion on restraint absence
-Analysis of free price determination
-Case studies on factor mobility
-Group work on alternative uses
-Examination of factor movement

Textbook, factor examples, mobility cases
Textbook, transport examples, information cases
Textbook, comparison charts, theory examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 41-42

PRODUCT MARKETS

Criticism of perfect competition
Monopoly definition and characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze homogeneous product rarity
-Examine consumer variety preferences
-Discuss large-scale operation tendencies
-Evaluate firm location realities
-Assess government interference presence

- Discussion on perfect competition limitations
-Analysis of product variety needs
-Case studies on scale economies
-Group work on location factors
-Examination of government intervention

Textbook, criticism examples, reality cases
Textbook, monopoly examples, Figure 3.1

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42-43

PRODUCT MARKETS

Causes of monopoly - ownership and technical factors
Causes of monopoly - market and business factors
Advantages and disadvantages of monopoly

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze factor ownership monopoly
-Examine production technique ownership
-Discuss exclusive technical know-how
-Evaluate resource control effects
-Assess capital requirement barriers

- Discussion on ownership monopoly
-Analysis of technique control
-Case studies on technical know-how
-Group work on resource control
-Examination of capital barriers

Textbook, ownership examples, capital cases
Textbook, market examples, merger cases
Textbook, advantage/disadvantage examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 43

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition - definition and features
Monopolistic competition - product differentiation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define monopolistic competition
-Analyze competition-monopoly combination
-Examine many buyers and sellers
-Discuss similar but differentiated products
-Evaluate real-life market relevance

- Discussion on monopolistic competition
-Analysis of market combination
-Case studies on buyers/sellers
-Group work on product differentiation
-Examination of real market examples

Textbook, competition examples, Kenyan cases
Textbook, differentiation examples, brand cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 45

PRODUCT MARKETS

Monopolistic competition - operations and interdependence
Oligopoly - definition and characteristics
Oligopoly features - market control and products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze free entry and exit
-Examine firm interdependence
-Discuss non-price competition
-Evaluate price setting considerations
-Assess competitive responses

- Discussion on entry/exit freedom
-Analysis of firm interactions
-Case studies on non-price competition
-Group work on price setting
-Examination of competitive responses

Textbook, operation examples, competition cases
Textbook, oligopoly examples, rivalry cases
Textbook, control examples, sugar market cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46

PRODUCT MARKETS

Oligopoly - collusion and kinked demand curve
Kinked demand curve analysis
Pertinent issues - monopoly insensitivity and hoarding

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze collusion and cartel formation
-Examine profit maximization strategies
-Define kinked demand curve
-Discuss price rigidity explanation
-Evaluate elastic vs inelastic curves

- Discussion on collusion benefits
-Analysis of cartel formation
-Case studies on kinked demand
-Group work on price rigidity
-Examination of Figure 3.2

Textbook, collusion examples, Figure 3.2, graph papers
Textbook, price examples, elasticity cases
Textbook, monopoly cases, hoarding examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 47-48

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - government protection and liberalization
Pertinent issues - cartels and overcharging

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze infant industry protection
-Examine protection abuse problems
-Discuss growth refusal issues
-Evaluate liberalization policy effects
-Assess consumer supremacy importance

- Discussion on protection policies
-Analysis of infant industry abuse
-Case studies on liberalization
-Group work on consumer rights
-Examination of policy effects

Textbook, protection examples, liberalization cases
Textbook, cartel examples, matatu cases, petroleum industry

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49

PRODUCT MARKETS

Pertinent issues - business integrity and honest practices
Pertinent issues - product differentiation and advertising
Learning activities - market identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze integrity requirements
-Examine honest business practices
-Discuss profitable honesty
-Evaluate long-term vs short-term benefits
-Assess ethical business conduct

- Discussion on business integrity
-Analysis of honest practices
-Case studies on ethical conduct
-Group work on long-term benefits
-Examination of sustainable practices

Textbook, integrity examples, ethical cases
Textbook, advertising examples, marketing cases
Market visit guides, observation sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49

PRODUCT MARKETS
CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Learning activities - trader interviews
Meaning of distribution and process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Interview local traders
-Determine trader market types
-Analyze business operations
-Examine pricing strategies
-Assess customer relations

- Trader interview activities
-Data collection exercises
-Analysis of business practices
-Group work on findings
-Examination of market behavior

Interview guides, data collection sheets
Textbook, distribution examples, packaging materials

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 50

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Classification of intermediaries - merchant vs agent traders
Merchant traders - export/import merchants and stockist distributors
Agent traders - commission agents, factors and auctioneers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Classify intermediaries based on ownership
-Define merchant traders and their characteristics
-Analyze merchant traders' risk assumption
-Define agent traders and principal relationships
-Distinguish between merchant and agent traders
-Examine ownership and possession concepts

- Discussion on intermediary classification
-Analysis of merchant trader characteristics
-Case studies on risk assumption
-Group work on agent-principal relationships
-Comparison exercises between types
-Practical examples of both trader types

Textbook, trader examples, classification charts
Textbook, import/export examples, stockist cases
Textbook, Figure 4.1, agent examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 42-43

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Non-trading agents - brokers, clearing agents and warehouse keepers
Role of intermediaries and channels of distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define brokers and their connecting functions
-Analyze export and import broker operations
-Examine clearing and forwarding agents
-Discuss warehouse keepers and storage services
-Analyze brokerage and demurrage fees
-Evaluate lien rights of agents

- Discussion on broker functions
-Analysis of clearing agent services
-Case studies on warehousing operations
-Group work on fee structures
-Examination of lien rights
-Practical examples of non-trading agents

Textbook, broker examples, warehouse cases
Textbook, Figure 4.2, chain examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 44-45

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Channel levels - zero, one, two and three level channels
Four-level channels and product distribution patterns
Choosing distribution channels - cost, availability and business factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define channel levels and intermediary numbers
-Analyze zero-level direct marketing
-Examine one-level channels and Bata example
-Discuss two-level consumer goods channels
-Analyze three-level intermediary chains
-Evaluate channel level selection factors

- Discussion on channel level concepts
-Analysis of Figures 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
-Case studies on Bata Shoe Company
-Group work on level comparisons
-Examination of consumer goods distribution
-Practical examples of all channel levels

Textbook, Figures 4.3-4.6, Bata examples
Textbook, Figures 4.7-4.9, product examples
Textbook, channel selection examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 46-47

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Product nature and market development factors
Financial strength, reputation and competitive factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze product nature impact on channels
-Examine high unit value products
-Discuss perishable goods distribution
-Analyze standardization effects
-Examine market development stages
-Evaluate new vs established product channels

- Discussion on product characteristics
-Analysis of value and perishability
-Case studies on standardization
-Group work on market development
-Examination of product lifecycle
-Practical examples of product-channel matching

Textbook, product examples, market cases
Textbook, financial examples, competitive cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 49-50

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Choice of specific intermediary within channels
Pertinent issues - HIV/AIDS prevalence and fatigue problems
Child labor and environmental degradation issues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze extent of coverage requirements
-Examine continuity guarantee importance
-Discuss intermediary reputation factors
-Evaluate other products handled
-Analyze effectiveness and reliability
-Examine credibility and trading standards

- Discussion on intermediary selection
-Analysis of coverage requirements
-Case studies on reputation factors
-Group work on effectiveness measures
-Examination of reliability factors
-Practical examples of selection criteria

Textbook, intermediary examples, selection cases
Textbook, health examples, safety cases
Textbook, child labor examples, environmental cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 51

CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION

Bribery, corruption and ethical business practices
Learning activities, research and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze bribery in distribution operations
-Examine traffic police corruption
-Discuss overloading and rule adherence
-Evaluate ethical business practices
-Analyze public interest considerations
-Examine fair play in distribution business

- Discussion on corruption problems
-Analysis of bribery effects
-Case studies on rule adherence
-Group work on ethical practices
-Examination of public interest
-Practical examples of fair business

Textbook, corruption examples, ethical cases
Research guides, interview forms, debate materials, assessment tools

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 52

NATIONAL INCOME

Meaning of national income and basic concepts
GDP, NDP and GNP definitions
NNP, NNI and per capita income

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define national income from nation and income components
-Analyze money value of goods and services produced
-Examine Figure 5.1 sources of income
-Define GDP, NDP, GNP, NNP concepts
-Distinguish between gross and net products
-Analyze American economist's definition

- Discussion on national income meaning
-Analysis of Figure 5.1 income sources
-Case studies on money value measurement
-Group work on concept definitions
-Examination of gross vs net differences
-Practical examples of national income

Textbook, Figure 5.1, income examples
Textbook, production examples, calculation sheets
Textbook, calculators, formula sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 54-55

NATIONAL INCOME

Circular flow of income - two-sector economy
Four-sector closed economy circular flow
Open economy and injections/withdrawals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain circular flow basic principles
-Analyze Figure 5.2 two-sector model
-Examine household and firm interactions
-Discuss factor payments and goods exchange
-Analyze outer and inner loop flows
-Examine assumptions of two-sector model

- Discussion on circular flow principles
-Analysis of Figure 5.2 detailed examination
-Case studies on household-firm exchanges
-Group work on flow directions
-Examination of model assumptions
-Practical examples of circular flow

Textbook, Figure 5.2, flow diagrams
Textbook, Figure 5.3, sector examples
Textbook, Figure 5.4, equilibrium examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 56-57

NATIONAL INCOME

Methods of measuring national income - income approach
Problems of income approach and output approach

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze three approaches to measurement
-Examine income approach comprehensively
-Discuss factors of production incomes
-Analyze wages, rent, interest, and profit
-Examine transfer payments exclusion
-Evaluate foreign income considerations

- Discussion on measurement approaches
-Analysis of income approach details
-Case studies on factor incomes
-Group work on transfer payment exclusion
-Examination of foreign income issues
-Practical examples of income calculation

Textbook, income examples, calculation sheets
Textbook, Example 5.1, calculation sheets

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 59-60

NATIONAL INCOME

Output approach problems and expenditure approach
Problems in measuring national income
Additional measurement problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze output approach problems
-Examine double counting and subsistence issues
-Discuss depreciation estimation difficulties
-Define expenditure approach methodology
-Analyze GNE formula C+I+G+X-M
-Examine market price vs factor cost

- Discussion on output approach problems
-Analysis of estimation difficulties
-Case studies on depreciation calculation
-Group work on expenditure components
-Examination of GNE formula application
-Practical examples of expenditure calculation

Textbook, expenditure examples, formula sheets
Textbook, Figure 5.5, measurement examples
Textbook, Figure 5.6, valuation examples

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 62-63

NATIONAL INCOME

Per capita income and economic welfare
International comparison problems
Uses of national income statistics
Factors influencing national income level

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define economic welfare concept
-Analyze per capita income as welfare measure
-Examine limitations of per capita income
-Discuss statistical problems
-Analyze money value change effects
-Evaluate international comparison difficulties

- Discussion on economic welfare
-Analysis of per capita limitations
-Case studies on statistical problems
-Group work on comparison difficulties
-Examination of welfare measurement
-Practical examples of welfare indicators

Textbook, welfare examples, comparison charts
Textbook, international examples, comparison cases
Textbook, Table 5.1, statistics examples
Textbook, factor examples, level cases

Trendy Business Studies Form 3 Pg 65-66