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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2-3 |
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
|
Introduction to Environment, Management and Conservation
The Need for Environmental Management and Conservation Environmental Hazards: Natural Disasters |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define the terms environment, biodiversity, ecosystem, environmental management and conservation. Explain the relationship between living and non-living components of environment. Outline reasons for environmental management and conservation. Explain reasons why environmental management and conservation is necessary. Analyze the relationship between human activities and environmental degradation. Evaluate the concept of sustainable development. |
Q/A: Review previous knowledge on environment from earlier classes. Teacher exposition on key terms with examples. Group discussion on local environmental components. Students identify examples of natural and social environments in their locality. Brainstorming on importance of environmental conservation.
Review previous lesson through Q/A. Detailed discussion on seven key reasons for conservation: future generations, benefit of all, sustenance of human life, economic value, aesthetic value, protection of endangered species, environmental protection. Case study analysis of Kenya's conservation efforts. Assignment on local conservation examples. |
Charts showing ecosystem components, Pictures of local environment, Newspaper cuttings on environmental issues
Maps showing conservation areas in Kenya, Photos of endangered species, Economic data charts World maps showing disaster-prone areas, Photos/videos of natural disasters, Richter Scale charts, News reports on recent disasters |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 228-231
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 229-231 |
|
| 1 | 4 |
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
|
Environmental Hazards: Drought, Fires and Other Hazards
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe the causes and effects of drought and desertification. Explain the impact of water spouts, toxic gas leaks, fires and oil spills. Analyze the relationship between environmental degradation and environmental refugees. |
Review previous hazards through Q/A. Detailed discussion on drought and desertification in Horn of Africa. Case studies: Nigeria oil pipeline explosion (2000), Chernobyl nuclear disaster (1984), Bhopal gas leak (1989). Group work on effects of oil spills with Mombasa 2005 example. Students research on environmental refugees in Africa.
|
Maps of drought-prone areas in Africa, Photos of desertification, Newspaper reports on industrial accidents, Charts showing oil spill effects
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 235-236
|
|
| 1 | 5 |
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
|
Floods: Causes, Effects and Control Measures
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the causes of floods including natural and human factors. Analyze the effects of flooding on human activities and environment. Evaluate various flood control measures and their effectiveness. |
Q/A on previous environmental hazards. Teacher explanation of flood formation and types (flash floods, seasonal floods). Detailed case study of flooding in Kenya (Kano Plains, Budalangi, Tana River). Discussion on flood control measures: dam construction, dredging, dykes, levees, afforestation. Practical activity: design flood control system for local area. Group presentation on flood management strategies.
|
Maps of flood-prone areas in Kenya, Photos of flood damage, Diagrams of flood control structures, Case study materials
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 236-239
|
|
| 2 | 1 |
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
|
Lightning, Windstorms, Pests and Diseases
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe the formation and effects of lightning and windstorms. Identify major pests and diseases affecting humans, crops and animals in Kenya. Explain control measures for lightning, windstorms, pests and diseases. |
Review previous lesson through oral questions. Teacher exposition on lightning formation and occurrence patterns around Lake Victoria region. Discussion on windstorms in arid areas and their effects. Comprehensive study of pest control: crop pests (locusts, army worms, weevils), animal pests (ticks, tsetse flies), human diseases (malaria, HIV/AIDS). Demonstration of lightning arrester installation. Group work on disease prevention strategies.
|
Diagrams of lightning formation, Photos of lightning arresters, Maps showing tsetse fly distribution, Health campaign materials, Charts on pest control methods
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 239-245
|
|
| 2 | 2-3 |
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Paper 1 Revision REVISION Paper 1 Revision |
Pollution: Types, Causes and Control Measures
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define pollution and identify main types of pollution. Explain causes and effects of air, water, land and sound pollution. Analyze pollution control measures being implemented in Kenya. Evaluate the role of individuals in environmental conservation. - Learn to perform calculations -Understand and interpret geographical diagrams and illustrations |
Brainstorming on meaning of pollution with local examples. Detailed study of four types of pollution: air pollution (greenhouse gases, ozone depletion), water pollution (industrial, agricultural, domestic sources), land pollution (solid waste, mining), sound pollution (noise sources). Case studies: Lake Naivasha flower farms, River Nzoia industrial pollution, Nakuru flamingo deaths. Discussion on pollution control measures and government policies. Individual assignment on personal environmental conservation practices.
- Teacher shows how to do calculations from tables -Students practice interpreting diagrams |
Photos of polluted environments, Charts showing pollution sources, Water quality test kits, Sound level meters (if available), Government policy documents
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 245-251
Geography KLB Book 1-4 Paper 1 exam |
|
| 2 | 4 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section B: Map Work
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 2 | 5 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 |
- Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better |
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 3 | 1 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 3 | 2-3 |
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions -Apply knowledge to answer questions - Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
- Students work in groups to brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions.
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better. -Practice writing full answers in a timed setting. Students work in groups to answer past paper questions from Section A and then mark each other's work |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 3 | 4 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions
Section B: Map Work |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to perform calculations -Understand and interpret geographical diagrams and illustrations |
- Teacher shows how to do calculations from tables
-Students practice interpreting diagrams |
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Paper 1 exam |
|
| 3 | 5 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 |
- Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better |
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 4 | 1 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
- Students answer past paper questions from Section A in groups.
-Students check each other's work using a marking scheme. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 4 | 2-3 |
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 2 Revision Paper 1 Revision |
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
Section B: Long Structured Questions Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo - Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions -Apply knowledge to answer questions |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. - Students work in groups to brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions. -Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better. -Practice writing full answers in a timed setting. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 4 | 4 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to perform calculations -Understand and interpret geographical diagrams and illustrations |
- Teacher shows how to do calculations from tables
-Students practice interpreting diagrams |
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Paper 1 exam |
|
| 4 | 5 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section B: Map Work
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 5 | 1 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 |
- Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better |
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 5 | 2-3 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
Section B: Long Structured Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo - Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions -Apply knowledge to answer questions |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. - Students work in groups to brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions. -Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better. -Practice writing full answers in a timed setting. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 5 | 4 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
Students work in groups to answer past paper questions from Section A and then mark each other's work
|
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper |
|
| 5 | 5 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions
Section B: Map Work |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to perform calculations -Understand and interpret geographical diagrams and illustrations |
- Teacher shows how to do calculations from tables
-Students practice interpreting diagrams |
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Paper 1 exam |
|
| 6 | 1 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 |
- Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better |
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 6 | 2-3 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers - Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Students answer past paper questions from Section A in groups.
-Students check each other's work using a marking scheme. - Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph. -Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 2 Geography KLB Book 1-4 Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 6 | 4 |
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions -Apply knowledge to answer questions |
- Students work in groups to brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions.
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better. -Practice writing full answers in a timed setting. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 6 | 5 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to perform calculations -Understand and interpret geographical diagrams and illustrations |
- Teacher shows how to do calculations from tables
-Students practice interpreting diagrams |
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Paper 1 exam |
|
| 7 | 1 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section B: Map Work
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 7 | 2-3 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 - Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better - Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph. -Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 1 Geography KLB Book 1-4 Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 7 | 4 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Long Structured Questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions -Apply knowledge to answer questions |
- Students work in groups to brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions.
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better. -Practice writing full answers in a timed setting. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 7 | 5 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
Students work in groups to answer past paper questions from Section A and then mark each other's work
|
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper |
|
| 8 | 1 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions
Section B: Map Work |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to perform calculations -Understand and interpret geographical diagrams and illustrations |
- Teacher shows how to do calculations from tables
-Students practice interpreting diagrams |
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Paper 1 exam |
|
| 8 | 2-3 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 - Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
- Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better - Students answer past paper questions from Section A in groups. -Students check each other's work using a marking scheme. |
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 1 Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 8 | 4 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 8 | 5 |
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions -Apply knowledge to answer questions |
- Students work in groups to brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions.
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better. -Practice writing full answers in a timed setting. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 9 | 1 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to perform calculations -Understand and interpret geographical diagrams and illustrations |
- Teacher shows how to do calculations from tables
-Students practice interpreting diagrams |
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Paper 1 exam |
|
| 9 | 2-3 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 1 Revision Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Map Work
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map - Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances - Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups -Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 Geography KLB Book 1-4 Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 9 | 4 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 9 | 5 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Long Structured Questions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions -Apply knowledge to answer questions |
- Students work in groups to brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions.
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better. -Practice writing full answers in a timed setting. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes
|
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
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