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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3-2 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Definition of Settlement and Types
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define human settlement and distinguish between rural and urban settlements. Explain characteristics of rural settlements. Describe functions of urban settlements. Account for urbanisation concept and its origins. |
Q/A on local settlement types and characteristics. Teacher explains settlement definitions and types. Discussion on rural settlements and primary activities. Analysis of urban settlements and secondary/tertiary functions. Study of urbanisation concept from Greek origins.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 198-200
|
|
| 1 |
Reporting and revision of caspa exam |
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| 2 | 1 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Factors Influencing Location and Patterns of Settlement - Geographical Factors
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the influence of climate on settlement location. Describe how landforms affect settlement patterns. Account for the role of environmental diseases in settlement decisions. Analyze the impact of soil fertility and water bodies on settlement. |
Discussion on climate factors including rainfall and temperature effects. Analysis of landform influences and elevation preferences. Study of disease-affected areas and their sparse settlement. Examination of soil fertility and water body influences on settlement density.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 200-202
|
|
| 2 | 2 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Factors Influencing Location and Patterns of Settlement - Geographical Factors
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the influence of climate on settlement location. Describe how landforms affect settlement patterns. Account for the role of environmental diseases in settlement decisions. Analyze the impact of soil fertility and water bodies on settlement. |
Discussion on climate factors including rainfall and temperature effects. Analysis of landform influences and elevation preferences. Study of disease-affected areas and their sparse settlement. Examination of soil fertility and water body influences on settlement density.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Africa, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 200-202
|
|
| 2 | 3 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Factors Influencing Location and Patterns of Settlement - Economic and Other Factors
Settlement Patterns |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain economic factors influencing settlement patterns. Describe the role of defence and security in settlement location. Account for government planning effects on settlement. Analyze cultural practices and historical factors. |
Analysis of economic activities affecting settlement including nomadic pastoralism and arable farming. Discussion on defence considerations and historical hill settlements. Study of government settlement schemes and planning policies. Examination of cultural practices and tribal sentiments affecting distribution.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 202-204
|
|
| 2 | 4 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Distribution of Major Urban Centres in East Africa
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify categories of urban centres in East Africa. Locate capital cities, sea ports and lake ports. Describe mining towns, industrial towns and collecting towns. Account for gap towns and administrative towns. |
Map work identifying major urban centres across East Africa. Discussion on capital cities: Nairobi, Dar-es-Salaam, Kampala. Study of sea ports and lake ports with their functions. Analysis of different town categories with specific examples.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, map of East Africa, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 206-208
|
|
| 2 | 5 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Factors Influencing Growth of Major Urban Centres in East Africa
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain rural-urban migration as a growth factor. Describe natural population growth in urban areas. Account for infrastructure development effects. Analyze industrialisation, mining and tourism impacts on urban growth. |
Discussion on rural-urban migration patterns and causes. Analysis of natural urban population growth and demographic factors. Study of transport infrastructure and accessibility advantages. Examination of industrial development and mining effects on town growth.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 208-210
|
|
| 3 | 1 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Case Studies - Thika as Industrial Centre and Kisumu as Lake Port
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe Thika's location and industrial development. Explain factors favouring Thika's growth as industrial centre. Account for Kisumu's development as major lake port. Analyze factors contributing to Kisumu's growth and importance. |
Study of Thika's strategic location and major industries. Analysis of factors including road network, proximity to Nairobi, and water supply. Discussion on Kisumu's history from Port Florence to major lake port. Examination of Kisumu's advantages including strategic location and population density.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 210-213
|
|
| 3 | 2 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Case Study - Eldoret as Agricultural Collecting Centre
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe Eldoret's location and historical development. Explain factors making Eldoret a leading agricultural collecting centre. Account for Eldoret's growth and expansion. Analyze Eldoret's multiple functions beyond agriculture. |
Discussion on Eldoret's establishment by white settlers and agricultural focus. Analysis of strategic location along Nairobi-Kampala route. Study of collection and export facilities including airport and pipeline. Examination of administrative, educational and tourism functions.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 213-215
|
|
| 3 | 3 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Nairobi City Development
Problems Facing Nairobi and New York City Comparison |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Trace Nairobi's growth from railway camp to major city. Explain factors influencing Nairobi's development. Describe Nairobi's current status and international importance. Account for various functions performed by Nairobi. |
Study of Nairobi's origins during railway construction and strategic advantages. Analysis of factors including climate, water supply and central location. Discussion on Nairobi's elevation to city status and international organizations. Examination of industrial, administrative, educational and commercial functions.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books
Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 215-217
|
|
| 3 | 4 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Mombasa Port Development and Functions
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe Mombasa's location and physical setting. Explain factors contributing to Mombasa's growth as major port. Account for modern developments at Kilindini Harbour. Analyze Mombasa's role as tourist and cultural centre. |
Study of Mombasa's strategic coastal location and island setting. Analysis of railway connection and modern harbour facilities. Discussion on containerisation and Ro-Ro methods. Examination of oil refinery establishment and large hinterland.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, map of Kenya, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 221-224
|
|
| 3 | 5 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Rotterdam Port and Comparison with Mombasa
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe Rotterdam's location and development history. Explain factors leading to Rotterdam's growth as world's busiest port. Account for modern facilities and extensive hinterland. Compare similarities and differences between Mombasa and Rotterdam ports. |
Study of Rotterdam's location at river mouths and historical challenges. Analysis of New Waterway canal construction and Europoort development. Discussion on strategic location and modern cargo handling facilities. Comparison of both ports' hinterlands, facilities and functions.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, world map, exercise books
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 224-227
|
|
| 4 | 1 |
SETTLEMENT
|
Effects of Urbanisation - Social and Economic Problems
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain congestion problems in urban areas. Describe unemployment and pressure on social amenities. Account for environmental degradation in cities. Analyze increased crime and family breakdown issues. |
Discussion on urban congestion during rush hours and events. Analysis of unemployment problems and job market limitations. Study of pressure on educational, health and infrastructure facilities. Examination of pollution, noise and garbage management problems.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
|
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 227-230
|
|
| 4 | 2 |
SETTLEMENT
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT |
Effects of Urbanisation and Solutions
Introduction to Environment, Management and Conservation |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe mental health disorders and housing problems in cities. Explain juvenile delinquency and urban sprawl issues. Suggest solutions to urbanisation problems. Evaluate effectiveness of proposed solutions. |
Analysis of stress-related mental health problems in urban areas. Discussion on housing shortage leading to slum development. Study of youth problems and criminal activities. Examination of urban sprawl affecting agricultural land. Students suggest practical solutions to urbanisation challenges.
|
Chalkboard, textbook, exercise books, pen/pencil
Charts showing ecosystem components, Pictures of local environment, Newspaper cuttings on environmental issues |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 230-232
|
|
| 4 | 3 |
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
|
The Need for Environmental Management and Conservation
Environmental Hazards: Natural Disasters Environmental Hazards: Drought, Fires and Other Hazards |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain reasons why environmental management and conservation is necessary. Analyze the relationship between human activities and environmental degradation. Evaluate the concept of sustainable development. |
Review previous lesson through Q/A. Detailed discussion on seven key reasons for conservation: future generations, benefit of all, sustenance of human life, economic value, aesthetic value, protection of endangered species, environmental protection. Case study analysis of Kenya's conservation efforts. Assignment on local conservation examples.
|
Maps showing conservation areas in Kenya, Photos of endangered species, Economic data charts
World maps showing disaster-prone areas, Photos/videos of natural disasters, Richter Scale charts, News reports on recent disasters Maps of drought-prone areas in Africa, Photos of desertification, Newspaper reports on industrial accidents, Charts showing oil spill effects |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 229-231
|
|
| 4 | 4 |
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
|
Floods: Causes, Effects and Control Measures
Lightning, Windstorms, Pests and Diseases |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain the causes of floods including natural and human factors. Analyze the effects of flooding on human activities and environment. Evaluate various flood control measures and their effectiveness. |
Q/A on previous environmental hazards. Teacher explanation of flood formation and types (flash floods, seasonal floods). Detailed case study of flooding in Kenya (Kano Plains, Budalangi, Tana River). Discussion on flood control measures: dam construction, dredging, dykes, levees, afforestation. Practical activity: design flood control system for local area. Group presentation on flood management strategies.
|
Maps of flood-prone areas in Kenya, Photos of flood damage, Diagrams of flood control structures, Case study materials
Diagrams of lightning formation, Photos of lightning arresters, Maps showing tsetse fly distribution, Health campaign materials, Charts on pest control methods |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 236-239
|
|
| 4 | 5 |
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Paper 1 Revision Paper 1 Revision |
Pollution: Types, Causes and Control Measures
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define pollution and identify main types of pollution. Explain causes and effects of air, water, land and sound pollution. Analyze pollution control measures being implemented in Kenya. Evaluate the role of individuals in environmental conservation. |
Brainstorming on meaning of pollution with local examples. Detailed study of four types of pollution: air pollution (greenhouse gases, ozone depletion), water pollution (industrial, agricultural, domestic sources), land pollution (solid waste, mining), sound pollution (noise sources). Case studies: Lake Naivasha flower farms, River Nzoia industrial pollution, Nakuru flamingo deaths. Discussion on pollution control measures and government policies. Individual assignment on personal environmental conservation practices.
|
Photos of polluted environments, Charts showing pollution sources, Water quality test kits, Sound level meters (if available), Government policy documents
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors |
KLB Secondary Geography Form 4, Pages 245-251
|
|
| 5 | 1 |
REVISION
Paper 1 Revision Paper 1 Revision |
Section B: Map Work
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 5 | 2 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
- Students answer past paper questions from Section A in groups.
-Students check each other's work using a marking scheme. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 5 | 3 |
Paper 2 Revision
Paper 1 Revision Paper 1 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions -Apply knowledge to answer questions |
- Students work in groups to brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions.
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better. -Practice writing full answers in a timed setting. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 5 | 4 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section B: Map Work
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 5 | 5 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions Section B: Long Structured Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
- Students answer past paper questions from Section A in groups.
-Students check each other's work using a marking scheme. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 6 | 1 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
Students work in groups to answer past paper questions from Section A and then mark each other's work
|
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper |
|
| 6 | 2 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section B: Map Work
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 6 | 3 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions Section B: Long Structured Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
- Students answer past paper questions from Section A in groups.
-Students check each other's work using a marking scheme. |
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 6 | 4 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
Students work in groups to answer past paper questions from Section A and then mark each other's work
|
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper |
|
| 6 | 5 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Map Work
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 7 | 1 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
Section B: Long Structured Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 7 | 2 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
Students work in groups to answer past paper questions from Section A and then mark each other's work
|
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper |
|
| 7 | 3 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Map Work
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Master the skills needed for map work questions -Learn to calculate distance, area, and identify features on a map |
- Teacher guides a session on how to answer map questions
-Students practice with a map extract to identify features and calculate distances |
Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics |
Geography KLB Book 1-4, Students' notes
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 7 | 4 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
Section B: Long Structured Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 7 | 5 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions Section B: Map Work |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
Students work in groups to answer past paper questions from Section A and then mark each other's work
|
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper |
|
| 8 | 1 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 |
- Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better |
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 8 | 2 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
Section B: Long Structured Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 8 | 3 |
Paper 1 Revision
|
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions
Section A: Calculation & Diagram Interpretation Questions Section B: Map Work |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Revise key geographical concepts and facts -Practice answering short, direct questions -Improve accuracy in providing brief but correct answers |
Students work in groups to answer past paper questions from Section A and then mark each other's work
|
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 1 exams, diagrams, projectors Map extracts from past papers, rulers, calculators |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper |
|
| 8 | 4 |
Paper 1 Revision
Paper 2 Revision |
Section B: Long Structured Questions & Field Study
Section A: Short Answer & Definition Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Develop detailed, well-structured answers to long questions 11 -Apply knowledge to answer questions -Learn how to answer questions about field studies 13 |
- Students brainstorm and outline answers for past paper questions in groups
-Teacher gives feedback on how to improve answers and structure them better |
Past Paper 1 exams, marking schemes
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes, summaries of topics |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 1 |
|
| 8 | 5 |
Paper 2 Revision
|
Section B: Photograph/Diagram questions
Section B: Long Structured Questions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
- Learn to interpret and analyze geographical photographs and diagrams -Practice answering specific questions based on an image -Master key skills like identifying features and describing an activity from a photo |
- Teacher shows how to break down and analyze a photograph.
-Students work on a past paper question involving a photograph, identifying features and describing activities. -Class discussion and teacher feedback on the answers. |
Past Paper 2 exams, photos, diagrams, projectors
Past Paper 2 exams, marking schemes |
Geography KLB Book 1-4
Geography Paper 2 |
|
| 9 |
End of term 3 break |
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