Force and Energy

Force and its effect - Types of forces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define force
- Identify types of forces in nature
- Show interest in forces in the environment

- Brainstorm on the meaning of force as used in science
- Discuss different types of forces (gravity and friction)
- Share examples of forces from daily life
- Discuss what forces can do

What is force?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 104
- Pictures showing examples of force
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Force and its effect - Types of forces (gravity)
Force and its effect - Types of forces (friction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the existence of force of gravity
- Explain the effects of gravity
- Appreciate the force of gravity in daily life

- Carry out activities to demonstrate gravity (throwing a ball up, dropping stones)
- Observe what happens when objects are released
- Discuss what causes objects to fall down
- Record observations about gravity

How does gravity affect objects?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 105
- Balls
- Stones
- Books
- Digital resources
- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 106
- Objects for pulling
- Rough and smooth surfaces

- Observation - Demonstration - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Force and its effect - Effects of force

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe effects of force on objects
- Demonstrate how force can change shape
- Show interest in effects of force

- Carry out activities to demonstrate force changing shape (pressing clay, bending wire)
- Observe and record what happens to the objects
- Discuss how force changes the shape of objects
- Give examples from daily life

How does force change the shape of objects?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 108
- Clay or playdough
- Flexible wires or straws
- Digital resources
- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 109
- Balls
- Toy cars

- Observation - Demonstration - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Force and its effect - Effects of force

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how force changes speed
- Explain how force changes direction
- Show interest in force effects on movement

- Carry out activities to demonstrate force changing speed (pushing a toy car harder)
- Demonstrate force changing direction (deflecting a rolling ball)
- Discuss what makes objects speed up, slow down, or change direction
- Record observations

How does force affect the speed and direction of objects?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 110
- Toy cars
- Balls
- Flat surface
- Digital resources
- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 111
- Magnets
- Adhesive materials

- Observation - Demonstration - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Force and its effect - Uses of force

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of force in day-to-day life
- Demonstrate applications of force
- Appreciate force in daily activities

- Use digital devices to search for uses of force in daily life
- Observe and discuss uses of force (wheelbarrow, tug of war, pushing a bicycle)
- Demonstrate some uses of force
- Record observations

How is force used in day-to-day life?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 115
- Digital devices with internet
- Pictures showing uses of force
- Digital resources
- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures showing applications of gravity

- Observation - Demonstration - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Force and its effect - Uses of force

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain applications of force of friction
- Give examples of friction in daily life
- Value friction for daily activities

- Discuss applications of force of friction in day-to-day life
- Identify examples where friction is useful (walking, writing, braking)
- Demonstrate some applications of friction
- Record observations

How is friction useful in our daily life?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 117
- Pictures showing applications of friction
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Force and its effect - Ways of minimizing friction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of minimizing friction
- Demonstrate methods to reduce friction
- Appreciate need to reduce friction in some cases

- Discuss ways of minimizing friction between moving bodies
- Identify methods (smoothening surfaces, greasing, oiling, rollers, ball bearings)
- Demonstrate some methods of reducing friction
- Record observations

How can we reduce friction?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 118
- Oil or grease
- Rough and smooth surfaces
- Pictures of ball bearings and rollers
- Digital resources

- Observation - Demonstration - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Force and its effect - Applications of force

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize the effects and uses of forces
- Explain when to maximize or minimize different forces
- Show appreciation for forces in the environment

- Review all effects and uses of forces learned
- Create a summary chart of force applications
- Discuss when to maximize or minimize gravity and friction
- Present findings to classmates

How do we apply our knowledge of forces in daily life?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 119
- Summary charts
- Pictures of force applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written tests

Force and Energy

Light - Sources of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define light
- Identify natural and artificial sources of light
- Show interest in light sources

- Brainstorm on the meaning of light
- Carry out activities to identify sources of light
- Group light sources as natural or artificial
- Draw and label sources of light

What is light and where does it come from?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 121
- Pictures of light sources
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Light - Sources of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify more sources of light in nature
- Illustrate sources of light
- Value light sources in daily life

- Carry out activities in groups to identify and illustrate sources of light
- Discuss what produces light in each source
- Use digital or print media to search for sources of light
- Present findings to classmates

What are the different sources of light?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 122
- Pictures of different light sources
- Digital devices with internet
- Digital resources

- Observation - Drawings - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of allowing natural light into houses
- Explain the importance of windows and translucent roofs
- Value natural lighting in houses

- Discuss ways of lighting a house using natural light
- Identify the role of windows and translucent roofs
- Observe pictures showing natural lighting in houses
- Record findings

How can we use natural light to light our houses?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 124
- Pictures showing natural lighting in houses
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify artificial lighting methods
- Compare different artificial lighting sources
- Appreciate energy-efficient lighting

- Discuss ways of lighting a house using artificial light
- Identify different types of artificial lighting (lamps, bulbs, lanterns)
- Compare traditional and modern lighting sources
- Discuss energy-efficient lighting

What artificial lighting methods can we use in our houses?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 125
- Pictures showing artificial lighting
- Examples of lighting devices (if available)
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Light - Ways of lighting a house

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare natural and artificial lighting
- Explain advantages and disadvantages of each
- Show interest in appropriate lighting methods

- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of natural lighting
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of artificial lighting
- Create a comparison chart
- Present findings to classmates

What are the advantages and disadvantages of different lighting methods?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 126
- Comparison chart
- Pictures of lighting methods
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of light in day-to-day life
- Explain how light helps people see
- Value light for vision and activities

- Discuss the uses of light in day-to-day life
- Identify how light helps us see objects
- Explain why we cannot see in darkness
- Discuss activities that require light

Why do we need light?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 128
- Pictures showing uses of light
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light helps with safety
- Identify safety uses of light
- Appreciate light for safety purposes

- Discuss how light contributes to safety
- Identify safety uses of light (street lights, warning lights, traffic lights)
- Explain why good lighting reduces accidents
- Record observations

How does light contribute to safety?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 129
- Pictures showing safety uses of light
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Light - Uses of light

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how light helps with pest control
- Identify other uses of light
- Show interest in diverse light applications

- Discuss how light helps with pest control
- Identify how light attracts or repels certain pests
- Discuss other uses of light (plants, health, communication)
- Record observations

How is light used for pest control and other purposes?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 130
- Pictures showing diverse light uses
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain applications of light in daily life
- Describe how light is used in different settings
- Value light applications

- Discuss applications of light in day-to-day life
- Identify applications in homes, schools, hospitals, and roads
- Discuss importance of each application
- Create a summary of light applications

How is light applied in different settings?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures showing light applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify more applications of light
- Explain technological applications of light
- Show interest in light technology

- Discuss technological applications of light
- Identify uses in photography, communication, and medicine
- Use digital resources to learn about light technologies
- Present findings to classmates

How is light used in modern technology?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 132
- Pictures showing technological light applications
- Digital devices with internet
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Light - Applications of light in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize uses and applications of light
- Create a chart of light applications
- Appreciate the importance of light

- Review all uses and applications of light learned
- Create a summary chart of light applications
- Discuss the overall importance of light in life
- Present findings to classmates

Why is light essential in our lives?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 133
- Summary charts
- Pictures of light applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define heat
- Identify natural and artificial sources of heat
- Show interest in heat sources

- Use available resources to search for the meaning of heat
- Discuss sources of heat (sun, fire, electricity, gas)
- Group heat sources as natural or artificial
- Draw and label sources of heat

What is heat and where does it come from?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 134
- Pictures of heat sources
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Heat - Sources of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify more sources of heat
- Compare different heat sources
- Value different heat sources

- Discuss different sources of heat in more detail
- Compare traditional and modern heat sources
- Discuss renewable and non-renewable heat sources
- Present findings to classmates

What are the different sources of heat?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 135
- Pictures of different heat sources
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of heat for cooking
- Demonstrate heat used for cooking
- Appreciate heat for food preparation

- Carry out activities to demonstrate uses of heat in day-to-day life
- Focus on heat for cooking
- Discuss different cooking methods that use heat
- Record observations

How is heat used for cooking?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 138
- Pictures showing cooking with heat
- Digital resources
- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 139
- Pictures showing warming uses of heat

- Observation - Demonstration - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of heat for drying
- Demonstrate how heat dries things
- Show interest in drying applications

- Continue activities demonstrating uses of heat
- Focus on heat for drying (clothes, crops, etc.)
- Demonstrate using heat to dry something
- Record observations

How is heat used for drying?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 140
- Pictures showing drying with heat
- Wet items for demonstration
- Digital resources

- Observation - Demonstration - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Heat - Uses of heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify uses of heat for ironing
- Explain other uses of heat
- Appreciate diverse heat applications

- Continue activities demonstrating uses of heat
- Focus on heat for ironing and other applications
- Discuss various applications of heat
- Record observations

What are other ways we use heat?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 141
- Pictures showing diverse heat uses
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Safety measures when handling heat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify safety measures when using heat
- Demonstrate safe heat handling
- Value safety with heat sources

- Discuss safety measures when using heat
- Identify protective measures (gloves, proper clothing)
- Demonstrate safe handling of hot objects
- Discuss consequences of unsafe heat handling

What safety measures should we observe when using heat?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 142
- Pictures showing heat safety measures
- Safety equipment (if available)
- Digital resources

- Observation - Demonstration - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Heat - Importance of heat in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of heat in daily life
- Identify essential heat applications
- Show appreciation for heat

- Discuss the importance of heat in day-to-day life
- Create a summary of heat uses and applications
- Discuss what life would be like without heat
- Present findings to classmates

Why is heat important in our daily lives?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 143
- Summary charts
- Pictures of heat applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Heat - Project: Making kitchen gloves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan how to make kitchen gloves
- Identify materials needed for the project
- Show interest in the project

- Discuss the purpose of kitchen gloves
- Plan how to make kitchen gloves using locally available materials
- Identify and collect necessary materials
- Sketch a design for the gloves

How can we design kitchen gloves?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 144
- Locally available materials
- Paper for planning
- Digital resources

- Observation - Planning document - Oral questions

Force and Energy

Heat - Project: Making kitchen gloves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Make kitchen gloves using locally available materials
- Follow project instructions
- Show creativity in making gloves

- Follow step-by-step instructions to make kitchen gloves
- Use locally available materials effectively
- Apply safety considerations in the design
- Test the gloves for heat resistance

How can we make kitchen gloves?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 144
- Locally available materials (cloth, padding)
- Sewing materials
- Digital resources

- Project work - Observation - Demonstration

Force and Energy

Heat - Project: Making kitchen gloves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test the functionality of kitchen gloves
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the gloves
- Value the importance of heat protection

- Test the kitchen gloves for heat protection
- Evaluate how well the gloves work
- Identify improvements for the design
- Demonstrate proper use of the gloves
- Discuss the importance of heat protection

How effective are our kitchen gloves?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 145
- Completed kitchen gloves
- Materials for testing
- Digital resources

- Evaluation - Demonstration - Oral questions - Peer assessment

Force and Energy

Heat - Heat summary and practical applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize sources, uses, and safety of heat
- Apply knowledge to practical situations
- Show appreciation for heat in life

- Review all heat concepts learned (sources, uses, safety)
- Create a comprehensive summary
- Discuss practical applications in daily life
- Present findings to classmates

How can we apply our knowledge of heat safely in daily life?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 145
- Summary charts
- Pictures of heat applications
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Force and Energy

Heat - Review of strand concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts about force
- Explain effects and uses of force
- Value force in daily life

- Review key concepts about force and its effects
- Summarize types of forces (gravity and friction)
- Discuss applications in daily life
- Create a mind map of force concepts

What have we learned about force?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 119
- Charts and diagrams
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Force and Energy

Heat - Review of strand concepts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Review key concepts about light
- Explain sources and uses of light
- Appreciate light in daily life

- Review key concepts about light
- Summarize sources and uses of light
- Discuss applications in daily life
- Create a mind map of light concepts

What have we learned about light?

- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 133
- Charts and diagrams
- Digital resources
- Oxford Everyday Science and Technology Learner's Book pg. 145

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments