Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Components of Integrated Science as a field of study

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a mixture
- Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
- Show interest in learning about mixtures

- Brainstorm on the meaning of mixtures
- Discuss examples of mixtures found at home and school
- Categorize mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous

How do we identify different types of mixtures in our environment?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Digital resources
- Internet access

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Categorising mixtures as homogenous or heterogeneous
Mixtures - Solute, solvent and solution
Mixtures - Identifying solute, solvent and solution in mixtures
Mixtures - Separation by evaporation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify mixtures in the environment
- Categorise mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Appreciate the importance of understanding different types of mixtures

- Take a walk in the school environment to identify mixtures
- Record different types of mixtures observed
- Use a table to categorise mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous

What makes a mixture homogeneous or heterogeneous?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72
- Exercise books
- Environment for observation
Master Integrated Science pg. 74
- Salt and water
- Beakers and stirring rods
- Common salt
- Water
- Beakers
- Stirring rods
Master Integrated Science pg. 76
- Salt, water
- Evaporating dish
- Bunsen burner
- Tripod stand

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by crystallisation
Mixtures - Simple distillation setup
Mixtures - Separation by simple distillation
Mixtures - Fractional distillation setup

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the crystallisation process
- Separate mixtures using crystallisation method
- Show appreciation for the crystallisation method

- Prepare saturated salt solution
- Heat solution gently while stirring
- Allow cooling and observe crystal formation
- Filter and dry the crystals

What is the difference between evaporation and crystallisation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 78
- Salt, distilled water
- Evaporating dish
- Filter paper and funnel
Master Integrated Science pg. 80
- Distillation apparatus
- Safety equipment
- Salt solution
- Complete distillation setup
- Thermometer
Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Fractional distillation apparatus
- Digital devices for research

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by fractional distillation
Mixtures - Separation by sublimation
Mixtures - Separation by solvent extraction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate fractional distillation process
- Explain separation of miscible liquids
- Show appreciation for advanced separation techniques

- Define sublimation and deposition
- Demonstrate separation using sublimation
- Appreciate sublimation as a separation method

- Separate water and ethanol mixture using fractional distillation
- Monitor temperature changes
- Collect fractions at different temperatures
- Discuss applications
- Separate iodine from impurities using sublimation
- Observe purple vapour formation
- Collect pure iodine crystals on cool surfaces
- Discuss other substances that sublime

How are miscible liquids with close boiling points separated?
How does sublimation help in purifying substances?

Master Integrated Science pg. 82
- Water and ethanol mixture
- Complete fractional distillation setup
Master Integrated Science pg. 84
- Impure iodine
- Evaporating dish
- Filter funnel
- Cotton wool
Master Integrated Science pg. 86
- Groundnuts or seeds
- Propanone
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Written tests
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Separation by chromatography
Mixtures - Extended chromatography activity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define paper chromatography
- Demonstrate chromatography technique
- Appreciate chromatography as an analytical tool

- Prepare filter paper strip
- Apply ink spot and dip in propanone
- Observe separation of ink components
- Measure distances travelled by components

How does chromatography separate components of colored mixtures?

Master Integrated Science pg. 88
- Black ink
- Filter paper
- Propanone
- Measuring cylinder
Master Integrated Science pg. 90
- Various pen inks
- Filter papers
- Droppers

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Applications of separation methods in daily life
Mixtures - Matching separation methods with applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify applications of separation methods in industries
- Explain real-life uses of separation techniques
- Appreciate the importance of separation methods in society

- Study images showing industrial applications
- Discuss separation methods used in salt production
- Research applications using digital devices
- Present findings to classmates

How are separation methods applied in industries and daily life?

Master Integrated Science pg. 92
- Digital devices
- Industrial application images
- Reference materials
Master Integrated Science pg. 94
- Activity tables
- Course book

- Research presentation - Oral questions - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Mixtures - Review of separation methods
Mixtures - Assessment and application synthesis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize all separation methods learned
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of different methods
- Demonstrate understanding of separation principles

- Review all separation methods covered
- Create summary charts of separation techniques
- Discuss when to use each method
- Practice problem-solving with mixture separation

How do we choose the best separation method for a given situation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 72-94
- Summary charts
- Previous practical results
- Problem scenarios
- Assessment materials

- Written tests - Observation - Assessment rubrics

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Introduction to acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Using litmus paper to identify acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Resource person on plant extract indicators

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define acids and bases
- Identify characteristics of acids and bases
- Show interest in learning about acids and bases

- Explain the use of plant extracts as indicators
- Identify plants suitable for indicator preparation
- Show appreciation for natural indicators

- Brainstorm on acids and bases
- Discuss taste and texture of common substances
- Identify acidic and basic substances in daily life
- Share experiences with sour and bitter substances
- Listen to resource person on plant extract indicators
- Ask questions for clarification
- Write notes on key points discussed
- Discuss applications of natural indicators

What makes substances acidic or basic?
Why can some plants be used as acid-base indicators?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95
- Common household items
- Course book
Master Integrated Science pg. 96
- Red and blue litmus papers
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes
Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Resource person
- Note-taking materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral questions - Note-taking assessment

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Preparing indicators from plant extracts
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Alternative plant extract preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare acid-base indicators from plant flowers
- Extract colored substances from plant materials
- Show interest in natural indicator preparation

- Collect colored flowers from school environment
- Cut flowers into small pieces
- Crush flowers with ethanol to extract color
- Filter the extract to obtain colored solution

How do we extract useful indicators from plants?

Master Integrated Science pg. 98
- Plant flowers
- Ethanol
- Mortar and pestle
- Filter paper
Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Red cabbage or beetroot
- Extraction apparatus

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Observation

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Testing solutions with plant extract indicators
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of acids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use plant extract indicators to test solutions
- Classify solutions as acidic or basic using natural indicators
- Show appreciation for natural indicator effectiveness

- Test various household solutions with plant extract indicators
- Record color changes observed
- Complete classification table
- Compare results with litmus paper tests

How effective are plant extract indicators compared to litmus paper?

Master Integrated Science pg. 100
- Plant extract indicators
- Various household solutions
- Test tubes
- Droppers
Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Lemon juice
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Written tests

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Physical properties of bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Solubility of acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical properties of bases
- Compare properties of bases with acids
- Appreciate differences between acids and bases

- Observe appearance of baking powder solution
- Test texture and smell safely
- Test with litmus papers
- Compare with acidic solution properties
- Record comparative observations

How do physical properties of bases differ from acids?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Baking powder solution
- Safety equipment
- Litmus papers
- Comparison tables
- Acidic and basic solutions
- Water
- Test tubes
- Observation sheets

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Comparative analysis

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Electrical conductivity of acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of acids in daily life
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of bases in daily life
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Uses of indicators in various sectors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Test electrical conductivity of acids and bases
- Explain why acids and bases conduct electricity
- Appreciate electrical properties of solutions

- Identify uses of bases in cooking, cleaning, and medicine
- Explain applications of bases in agriculture
- Show appreciation for base applications

- Set up electrical conductivity apparatus
- Test conductivity of vinegar
- Test conductivity of baking powder solution
- Observe bulb brightness in both cases
- Discuss baking soda uses in cooking
- Explore cleaning applications of bases
- Research medicinal uses of antacids
- Study soil treatment with bases

Why do acidic and basic solutions conduct electricity?
What important roles do bases play in our lives?

Master Integrated Science pg. 102
- Battery and bulb setup
- Connecting wires
- Metal rods
- Acidic and basic solutions
Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Digital devices
- Application images
- Reference materials
Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household base products
- Digital resources
- Application examples
- Test strips examples
- Laboratory indicators

- Practical work - Observation schedule - Assessment rubrics
- Observation - Research activities - Oral presentations

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Reading product labels for acids and bases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify acidic and basic ingredients in household products
- Read and interpret product labels
- Show awareness of chemical content in daily products

- Collect household product containers
- Read ingredient labels carefully
- Identify acidic and basic components
- Create classification table of products
- Discuss findings with classmates

What acidic and basic substances are found in household products?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Household product containers
- Label reading worksheets
- Classification tables

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Label interpretation skills

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in food and cooking
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in agriculture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain uses of acids and bases in food preparation
- Identify preservative and flavoring applications
- Appreciate chemical processes in cooking

- Study food preservatives containing acids
- Explore baking powder use in cooking
- Discuss vinegar applications in food
- Analyze food flavoring with citric acid

How do acids and bases contribute to food preparation and preservation?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Food product examples
- Cooking ingredients
- Preservative labels
- Soil testing materials
- Agricultural examples
- pH testing demonstrations

- Observation - Practical demonstrations - Oral questions

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in medicine and health
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Applications in cleaning and industry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify medicinal uses of acids and bases
- Explain antacid function in treating heartburn
- Appreciate chemical solutions to health problems

- Study antacid tablet ingredients
- Discuss stomach acid neutralization
- Explore pain relief medications containing acids
- Research medical applications of acids and bases

How do acids and bases help solve health problems?

Master Integrated Science pg. 104
- Medicine examples
- Antacid products
- Medical application research
- Cleaning product examples
- Industrial application images
- Safety material examples

- Research activities - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Mixtures, Elements and Compounds
Living Things and Their Environment
Living Things and Their Environment

Acids, Bases and Indicators - Review and synthesis of concepts
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Problem-solving with acids and bases
Acids, Bases and Indicators - Integration and future applications
Human Reproductive System - Parts of the human reproductive system
Human Reproductive System - Parts of the human reproductive system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about acids, bases, and indicators
- Compare different identification methods
- Demonstrate comprehensive understanding

- Connect learning to future chemistry studies
- Identify career applications of acid-base knowledge
- Show enthusiasm for continued learning in chemistry

- Review acid and base definitions
- Compare litmus and plant extract indicators
- Summarize physical properties
- Create concept maps of applications
- Discuss connections to future chemistry topics
- Explore career paths using acid-base knowledge
- Plan investigations for continued learning
- Celebrate learning achievements

How do all the concepts about acids, bases, and indicators connect?
How will this knowledge help us in future chemistry studies?

Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Review materials
- Concept mapping resources
- Unknown solution samples
- Various indicators
- Problem scenarios
Master Integrated Science pg. 95-105
- Career information resources
- Future learning pathways
- Master Integrated Science pg. 106
- Charts showing reproductive systems
- Digital resources
- Master Integrated Science pg. 107
- Charts showing female reproductive system
- Digital devices

- Written tests - Assessment rubrics - Concept mapping
- Reflection activities - Career exploration - Learning celebration

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Reproductive System - Functions of reproductive system parts
Human Reproductive System - Physical changes in boys during adolescence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe functions of parts of the male reproductive system
- Explain the role of penis, testes and urethra
- Show appreciation for body functions

- Describe functions of human reproductive system parts
- Use textbooks to search for information on functions
- Write short notes based on findings
- Present findings to classmates

How do the parts of the male reproductive system function?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 109
- Reference books
- Charts
- Master Integrated Science pg. 110
- Digital resources
- Master Integrated Science pg. 111
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Assessment rubrics

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Reproductive System - Physical changes in girls during adolescence
Human Reproductive System - Understanding adolescence and puberty
Human Reproductive System - Developmental challenges during adolescence
Human Reproductive System - Common challenges faced by adolescents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe physical changes in girls during adolescence
- Identify differences between girls and women
- Appreciate normal body development

- Describe physical differences between girls and women
- Outline physical changes shown in images
- Describe changes in chest area, hips and genitals
- Search for information on adolescent changes

What physical changes occur in girls during adolescence?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 112
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Master Integrated Science pg. 113
- Resource person
- Note books
- Master Integrated Science pg. 114
- Manila papers
- Master Integrated Science pg. 116
- Case study materials
- Charts

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Reproductive System - Coping mechanisms for adolescent challenges
Human Reproductive System - Planning to manage developmental challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Develop strategies for managing adolescent challenges
- Practice effective communication about body changes
- Show responsibility in health maintenance

- Discuss coping mechanisms for developmental challenges
- Practice open communication with trusted adults
- Focus on strengths beyond appearance
- Participate in group activities

What strategies help adolescents cope with developmental challenges?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 117
- Group activity materials
- Reference books
- Master Integrated Science pg. 118
- Planning templates
- Portfolio folders

- Assessment rubrics - Observation - Checklist

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Reproductive System - Review and assessment
Human Reproductive System - Extended activities and reflection
Human Reproductive System - Integration and application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Summarize key concepts about human reproduction
- Demonstrate understanding of adolescent development
- Apply knowledge to real-life situations

- Apply reproductive health knowledge in community contexts
- Communicate effectively about adolescent development
- Show maturity in discussing sensitive topics

- Define reproduction and identify body systems
- Name parts and state functions of reproductive systems
- List physical changes during adolescence
- Provide advice for developmental challenges

- Discuss physical changes with parents or guardians
- Complete extended activities from textbook
- Reflect on learning about human reproduction
- Share appropriate experiences with classmates

How can knowledge of human reproduction help in daily life?
How can learning about reproduction benefit families and communities?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 119
- Assessment materials
- Review sheets
- Master Integrated Science pg. 106
- Community resources
- Family involvement
- Career information
- Cross-curricular materials

- Written tests - Assessment rubrics - Oral questions
- Community feedback - Reflection journals - Peer assessment

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Reproductive System - Assessment and remediation
Human Reproductive System - Enrichment and extension

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate mastery of reproductive system concepts
- Identify areas needing improvement
- Set goals for continued learning

- Complete comprehensive assessment on reproductive system
- Identify strengths and weaknesses in understanding
- Receive feedback on performance
- Plan for improvement in weak areas

What have I learned about human reproduction and how can I improve?

- Assessment papers
- Feedback forms
- Improvement plans
- Advanced reference materials
- Internet resources
- Presentation tools

- Summative assessment - Self-evaluation - Teacher feedback

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Excretory System - Components of the excretory system
Human Excretory System - External parts of the skin

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of the excretory system
- Recognize the skin as an excretory organ
- Appreciate the importance of waste removal

- Brainstorm on waste removal in humans
- Identify excretory organs (skin, lungs, kidneys)
- Discuss the role of excretory system
- Compare different excretory organs

What organs make up the human excretory system?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 119
- Charts of excretory system
- Digital resources
- Master Integrated Science pg. 120
- Hand lenses
- Observation sheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Excretory System - Structure of the skin
Human Excretory System - Functions of skin parts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parts of the skin from diagrams
- Label epidermis, dermis, sweat glands and ducts
- Understand the layered structure of skin

- Study images and identify labeled parts A to F
- Use charts to label parts of human skin
- Draw and label parts of human skin
- Share work with classmates

What are the main structural parts of the human skin?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 121
- Skin structure charts
- Digital devices
- Master Integrated Science pg. 122
- Reference materials
- Digital resources

- Assessment rubrics - Practical work - Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Excretory System - Understanding excretion and waste products
Human Excretory System - Parts of the urinary system
Human Excretory System - Modeling the urinary system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define excretion
- Identify waste products excreted by different organs
- Understand the importance of waste removal

- Create models of the urinary system
- Use locally available materials creatively
- Demonstrate understanding through model construction

- Complete puzzle on skin parts and functions
- Study story of sweating process
- Identify waste products from skin, lungs and kidneys
- Discuss harmful effects of waste accumulation

- Study models created by other students
- Identify materials used in model construction
- Collect locally available materials
- Construct model of urinary system
- Display and observe classmates' models

Why is excretion important for the human body?
How can we create models to show the structure of the urinary system?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 123
- Puzzle materials
- Story completion sheets
- Master Integrated Science pg. 124
- Urinary system charts
- Digital devices

- Master Integrated Science pg. 125
- Locally available materials
- Model construction supplies

- Checklist - Anecdotal records - Written tests
- Portfolio assessment - Practical work - Peer evaluation

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Excretory System - Functions of urinary system parts
Human Excretory System - External parts of the kidney

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe functions of kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
- Explain the process of urine formation
- Appreciate the complexity of kidney function

- Answer questions about functions of urinary system parts
- Use textbooks to search for function information
- Take turns reading questions and answering
- Share findings with classmates

How do the parts of the urinary system work together?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 126
- Function reference materials
- Question cards
- Master Integrated Science pg. 127
- Kidney structure charts
- Digital resources

- Assessment rubrics - Oral questions - Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Excretory System - Kidney disorders and their causes
Human Excretory System - Prevention of kidney disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify common kidney disorders
- Describe causes of kidney stones and kidney failure
- Understand the importance of kidney health

- Search for information on kidney disorders
- Read conversation with resource person
- Identify kidney disorders mentioned
- Discuss causes and prevention methods

What are common kidney disorders and what causes them?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 128
- Reference materials
- Case study conversations
- Master Integrated Science pg. 129
- Health promotion materials
- Resource person

- Checklist - Anecdotal records - Oral questions

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Excretory System - Promoting skin health
Human Excretory System - Promoting kidney health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify practices that promote healthy skin
- Develop good hygiene habits
- Appreciate the importance of skin care

- Study pictures and identify healthy skin
- Discuss activities to promote healthy skin
- Give advice for skin hygiene scenarios
- Search for information on skin health practices

What activities promote healthy skin?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 130
- Health education materials
- Digital devices
- Master Integrated Science pg. 131
- Nutrition information
- Health guidelines

- Practical work - Assessment rubrics - Checklist

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Excretory System - Developing daily health logs
Human Excretory System - Integration and health promotion
Human Excretory System - Review and assessment
Human Excretory System - Extension and enrichment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create daily logs for skin and kidney health
- Plan health-promoting activities
- Take responsibility for personal health

- Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of excretory system
- Apply knowledge to solve health problems
- Show mastery of key concepts

- Study sample daily log for health activities
- Create personal plan using provided guide
- Show plan to family members
- Follow and monitor daily health activities

- Complete comprehensive assessment questions
- Identify body organs and their functions
- List activities that promote organ health
- Provide health advice for kidney disorders

How can we plan and track activities that promote skin and kidney health?
What have I learned about the human excretory system?

- Master Integrated Science pg. 132
- Planning templates
- Family involvement
- Master Integrated Science pg. 133
- Community health resources
- Family discussion guides
- Assessment papers
- Review materials
- Health case studies
- Advanced health resources
- Research materials
- Presentation tools

- Portfolio assessment - Self-monitoring - Family feedback
- Summative assessment - Written tests - Assessment rubrics

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Excretory System - Final integration and reflection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Synthesize learning from entire strand
- Reflect on personal growth and understanding
- Set goals for continued health learning

- Complete reflection on entire Living Things strand
- Connect reproductive and excretory systems
- Evaluate personal health practices
- Plan for continued health education

How has learning about living things and their environment changed my understanding of health?

- Reflection journals
- Integration activities
- Goal-setting materials

- Reflection assessment - Self-evaluation - Portfolio review