TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Identifying a problem in the locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify problems in the locality that can be solved using the skills acquired in Pre-Technical Studies.
- analyze the problems to determine their suitability for a project.
- appreciate the value of problem-solving in the community.

The learner is guided to:
- explore the locality to establish problems that can be solved using the skills acquired in this learning area.
- brainstorm on the problems in the locality that can be solved using the skills acquired.
- discuss and categorize the identified problems.

What problems in the locality can be solved using skills acquired in Pre-Technical Studies?

Digital devices, reference materials, local environment, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 153

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- suggest possible solutions to the identified problems.
- select an appropriate item that can be made to solve the identified problem.
- appreciate the creativity involved in problem-solving.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for information on possible items to solve the identified problem.
- discuss possible items that can be made to solve the identified problem.
- select one item that can be made using the skills acquired to solve the identified problem.

What items can be made to solve identified problems in the locality?

Digital devices, reference materials, local environment, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 154

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Making an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- sketch the item that can be made to solve the identified problem.
- identify materials and tools needed to make the item.
- value creativity and innovation in problem-solving.

The learner is guided to:
- sketch the item that can be made using the skills acquired to solve the identified problem.
- identify and list the materials and tools needed to make the item.
- plan the process of making the item step by step.

How can items be designed and planned to solve identified problems?

Digital devices, reference materials, local environment, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 155

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Making an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- prepare materials for making the item.
- use appropriate tools to work on the materials.
- value precision and attention to detail in project work.

The learner is guided to:
- gather and prepare the materials needed for making the item.
- select appropriate tools for working on the materials.
- begin working on the materials following the planned steps.

How can materials be prepared and worked on to make useful items?

Digital devices, reference materials, locally available materials, tools
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 156

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Making an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- continue making the item using appropriate tools and techniques.
- demonstrate proper use of tools in making the item.
- appreciate the importance of safety in project work.

The learner is guided to:
- continue working on the item using appropriate tools and techniques.
- apply proper skills in making the item.
- observe safety measures while working on the item.

How can tools and techniques be used safely to make useful items?

Digital devices, reference materials, locally available materials, tools
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 156

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Making an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- finalize making the item.
- evaluate the item against the initial design and purpose.
- value the importance of evaluation in project work.

The learner is guided to:
- complete making the item.
- add finishing touches to the item.
- evaluate the item against the initial design and purpose.
- make necessary adjustments to improve the item.

How can items be finished and evaluated for effectiveness?

Digital devices, reference materials, locally available materials, tools
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 156

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Making an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- calculate the cost of the item made.
- demonstrate the use of the item in solving the identified problem.
- appreciate the economic value of handmade items.

The learner is guided to:
- estimate the cost of the materials used in making the item.
- calculate the selling price for the item.
- demonstrate how the item solves the identified problem.
- display the item for peer assessment.

How can the cost and effectiveness of the made item be determined?

Digital devices, reference materials, locally available materials, tools
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 157

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Utilizing skills learnt in solving problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain how the skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies were applied in making the item.
- evaluate the effectiveness of the item in solving the identified problem.
- appreciate the application of technical skills in solving real-life problems.

The learner is guided to:
- study the illustration on application of knowledge and skills gained in Pre-Technical studies.
- discuss the role of the knowledge and skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies as shown in the illustration.
- discuss other roles of the knowledge and skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies in day-to-day life.

How can skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies be applied to solve problems in day-to-day life?

Digital devices, reference materials, made items, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 157

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

TOOLS AND PRODUCTION

Project - Utilizing skills learnt in solving problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- present the made item and its application in solving the identified problem.
- suggest improvements for future projects.
- value lifelong learning and skill development.

The learner is guided to:
- make a presentation at a school forum on the role of the knowledge and skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies in the community.
- display the made item and explain how it solves the identified problem.
- discuss possible improvements for future projects.
- summarize points about the role of the knowledge and skills learned in Pre-Technical Studies in day-to-day life.

How can knowledge and skills in Pre-Technical Studies improve life in the community?

Digital devices, reference materials, made items, manila papers
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 158

Portfolio, observation, rubrics, project work, oral questions

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Identifying financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of financial institution.
- identify financial institutions available in Kenya.
- appreciate the role of financial institutions in the economy.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the term 'financial institution'.
- study the illustration of people receiving services at a financial institution.
- discuss the financial institution shown in the illustration.

What financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 160

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Identifying financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- list various financial institutions in Kenya.
- explain the services offered by different financial institutions.
- value the importance of financial institutions in economic development.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on other financial institutions available in Kenya.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the financial institutions available in Kenya.

What financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 161

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Classifying financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain classification of financial institutions.
- categorize financial institutions in Kenya.
- appreciate the diversity of financial institutions in Kenya.

The learner is guided to:
- engage a resource person on the meaning of the word 'classification' in relation to financial institutions.
- listen to the resource person explain how financial institutions are classified.
- discuss examples of financial institutions in each classification.

How are financial institutions classified in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 162

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Classifying financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- distinguish between banking and non-banking financial institutions.
- categorize financial institutions according to their services.
- value the role of different types of financial institutions.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the information given by the resource person.
- use relevant textbooks and other reference materials to search for more information on the classification of financial institutions in Kenya.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the classification of financial institutions in Kenya.

What are the different categories of financial institutions in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 164

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Analyzing services offered by financial institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify services offered by different financial institutions.
- explain the functions of various financial services.
- appreciate the importance of financial services.

The learner is guided to:
- read the case study on Mrembo and Baraka's experience with financial institutions.
- discuss the financial institutions mentioned in the case study.
- discuss the services offered by the financial institutions mentioned in the case study.

What services are offered by different financial institutions in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 165

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Analyzing services offered by financial institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- analyze different financial services offered by various institutions.
- compare services offered by different financial institutions.
- value the importance of comparing financial services before use.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on other services offered by financial institutions.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the services offered by financial institutions in Kenya.

How do services differ across various financial institutions?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 166

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Financial Services - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain how entrepreneurs can utilize financial services.
- identify benefits of financial services to entrepreneurs.
- value the role of financial services in business growth.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the importance of financial services to an entrepreneur.
- visit a financial institution in the locality and observe various financial services.
- participate in role play as employees and customers in a modeled financial institution.

How can entrepreneurs utilize financial services for business development?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, financial institution
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 167
P.B pg. 168

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Explaining reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of government involvement in business.
- identify reasons for government involvement in business.
- appreciate the role of government in regulating business activities.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the expression 'government involvement in business'.
- study the information on reasons for government involvement in business.
- discuss the reasons for government involvement in business as shown in the figure.

Why does the government get involved in business activities?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 169

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Explaining reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- analyze various reasons for government intervention in business.
- explain the benefits of government involvement in business.
- value the regulatory role of government in business.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on other reasons for government involvement in business.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the reasons for government involvement in business.

How does government involvement benefit businesses and consumers?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, photographs, pictures
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 171

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Describing ways of government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify different ways government involves itself in business.
- describe how government regulates business activities.
- appreciate the balance between government regulation and free enterprise.

The learner is guided to:
- engage a resource person on ways of government involvement in business.
- discuss the responses given by the resource person.
- discuss other ways of government involvement in business.

In what ways does the government involve itself in business activities?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 172

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Describing ways of government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain various government interventions in business.
- analyze the impact of government policies on business operations.
- value the importance of government involvement in promoting fair business practices.

The learner is guided to:
- continue discussing ways of government involvement in business.
- analyze how different government interventions affect business operations.
- summarize points on ways of government involvement in business in Kenya.

How do government interventions affect business operations?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 173

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Exploring types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of tax.
- identify reasons for paying taxes.
- appreciate the importance of tax compliance.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the term 'tax'.
- use print and digital media to search for information on the importance of paying taxes.
- visit a business in the locality to learn about taxes paid.

What types of taxes are collected in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, businesses in locality
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 174

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Exploring types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify different types of taxes in Kenya.
- explain the purpose of various tax types.
- value the role of taxes in national development.

The learner is guided to:
- engage with workers on the types of taxes they pay.
- discuss the responses given by the workers.
- discuss other types of taxes in Kenya.
- summarize points on the types of taxes in Kenya.

How do different types of taxes serve various economic purposes?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, businesses in locality
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 176

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Analyzing e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of e-government services.
- identify e-government services available for businesses.
- appreciate the role of technology in government service delivery.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of expression 'e-government services'.
- read the case study on use of e-government services.
- analyze the case study to identify the highlighted e-government services in business.

What e-Government services are available for businesses in Kenya?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, e-government platforms
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 177

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Analyzing e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- analyze various e-government services for businesses.
- demonstrate use of e-government platforms.
- value the convenience of e-government services.

The learner is guided to:
- use a digital device to search for information on other e-government services in business.
- where possible, explore an e-government platform.
- summarize points on e-government services in business.

How have e-Government services improved business operations?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, e-government platforms
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 178

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Government and Business - Acknowledging the need to comply with government regulations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of compliance with government regulations.
- identify the importance of complying with government regulations.
- appreciate the value of regulatory compliance in business.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the expression 'complying with government regulations in business'.
- discuss reasons for complying with government regulations in business.
- summarize points on the need to comply with government regulations in business.

Why is it important for businesses to comply with government regulations?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business regulations
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 179

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Explaining the importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of a business plan.
- identify the importance of a business plan.
- appreciate the role of planning in business success.

The learner is guided to:
- discuss the meaning of the term 'business plan'.
- engage a resource person on the importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship.
- discuss the responses given by the resource person.

Why is a business plan important to an entrepreneur?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 180

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Explaining the importance of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- analyze the benefits of a business plan to entrepreneurs.
- explain how a business plan guides business operations.
- value the role of planning in entrepreneurial success.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on the importance of a business plan.
- share findings with the class.
- summarize points on the importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship.

How does a business plan contribute to entrepreneurial success?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, resource person
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 181

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Describing the components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify the components of a business plan.
- explain the purpose of each component.
- appreciate the comprehensive nature of a business plan.

The learner is guided to:
- read the case study on Waridi's business plan.
- discuss the components of a business plan as highlighted in the case study.
- analyze how each component contributes to the overall effectiveness of the business plan.

What components make up a comprehensive business plan?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, sample business plans
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 182

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Describing the components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the details required in each component of a business plan.
- analyze the relationships between different components.
- value the importance of thorough planning in business.

The learner is guided to:
- use print or digital media to search for more information on the components of a business plan.
- present findings to classmates.
- summarize points on the components of a business plan.

How do the components of a business plan relate to each other?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, sample business plans
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 183

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the meaning of a business plan template.
- identify various sections of a business plan template.
- appreciate the value of using templates in business planning.

The learner is guided to:
- brainstorm on the meaning of a business plan template.
- use print or digital media to search for information on business plan templates.
- draw a business plan template in their notebooks.

How is a business plan template structured and filled?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business plan templates
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 184

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- fill in a business plan template with appropriate information.
- develop a basic business plan for a business idea.
- value the practical application of business planning.

The learner is guided to:
- complete the business plan template by filling in the required information.
- display the completed business plan for peers to see.
- provide and receive feedback on completed business plans.

How is information organized and presented in a business plan?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business plan templates
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 184

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Business Plan - Embracing the use of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain how a business plan guides entrepreneurial activities.
- demonstrate the use of a business plan in business decision-making.
- value the continuous use of business plans in business operations.

The learner is guided to:
- prepare a speech on the need for a business plan in entrepreneurship.
- read the speech during a school forum.
- make copies of a sample business plan template and assist entrepreneurs within their locality to fill in.

How can entrepreneurs effectively use business plans in their operations?

Digital resources, relevant textbooks and reference materials, business plan templates
KLB Pre-Tech Studies Grade 9
P.B pg. 185

Assignments, self and peer assessment, oral questions, observation