Natural and Historic Built Environments

Topographical Maps - Human activities on topographical maps
Topographical Maps - Mining and transportation representation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various human activities represented on topographical maps
- Describe how human activities are represented on a topographical map
- Appreciate the importance of representing human activities on topographical maps

- Take a short tour around the school neighborhood to identify human activities
- Brainstorm on human activities that may be represented on a topographical map
- Use print or digital resources to find out how human activities are represented in topographical maps

What are the various human activities that may be represented in a topographical map?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 96)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Topographical maps
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 98)
- Charts showing map symbols

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Topographical Maps - Agricultural and tourism activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symbols used to represent agricultural and tourism activities on topographical maps
- Interpret agricultural and tourism features from topographical maps
- Appreciate the significance of these activities represented on maps

- Study topographical maps showing agricultural and tourism features
- Identify symbols used to represent plantation farming, fishing, forestry, and tourism facilities
- Draw and label symbols for various agricultural and tourism activities
- Discuss evidence of these activities shown on topographical maps

How are agricultural and tourism activities represented on topographical maps?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 100)
- Topographical maps
- Digital resources
- Charts showing agricultural and tourism symbols

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing and labeling exercises - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Topographical Maps - Processing and trade
Topographical Maps - Enlarging parts of maps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify symbols used to represent processing industries and trade on topographical maps
- Interpret processing and trade features from topographical maps
- Value the economic importance of processing industries and trade shown on maps

- Study topographical maps showing processing and trade features
- Identify symbols used to represent factories, markets and shops
- Draw and label symbols for processing industries and trade centers
- Discuss economic importance of these features shown on maps

How are processing industries and trade centers represented on topographical maps?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 102)
- Topographical maps
- Digital resources
- Chart showing industrial symbols
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 104)
- Drawing materials
- Graph papers
- Rulers

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing and labeling exercises - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Topographical Maps - Reducing parts of maps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the process of reducing parts of topographical maps
- Apply creative thinking skills to reduce a selected part of a topographical map
- Demonstrate creativity in reducing parts of topographical maps

- Demonstrate the process of reducing parts of topographical maps
- Practice reducing selected parts of topographical maps
- Draw a reduced section of a topographical map showing human activities
- Present their reduced maps for peer assessment

How can we reduce parts of topographical maps while maintaining key features?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 106)
- Topographical maps
- Drawing materials
- Graph papers
- Rulers

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Portfolio assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Topographical Maps - Drawing cross-sections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the concept of cross-sections from topographical maps
- Illustrate cross-sections from topographical maps
- Show interest in drawing cross-sections from topographical maps

- Demonstrate the process of drawing cross-sections from topographical maps
- Identify contour lines and understand their significance for cross-sections
- Practice drawing cross-sections from topographical maps
- Present their cross-sections for peer assessment

Why is it important to draw cross-sections from topographical maps?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 110)
- Topographical maps
- Drawing materials
- Graph papers
- Rulers

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Portfolio assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Topographical Maps - Human activities in cross-sections
Internal Land Forming Processes - Types and causes of earth movements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify human activities that can be shown in cross-sections
- Draw cross-sections showing human activities
- Appreciate the representation of human activities in cross-sections

- Study cross-sections showing human activities
- Identify how human activities can be represented in cross-sections
- Draw cross-sections from topographical maps showing human activities
- Display cross-sections and take a gallery walk for peer assessment

How can human activities be represented in cross-sections?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 112)
- Topographical maps
- Drawing materials
- Graph papers
- Rulers
- Sample cross-sections
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 114)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts
- Pictures on earth movements

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Gallery walk assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Internal Land Forming Processes - Types of faults

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of faults in the environment
- Explain how different types of faults are formed
- Show curiosity about faulting processes

- Conduct library research on types of faults in the environment
- Present findings on different types of faults to the class
- Use diagrams to illustrate different types of faults
- Discuss the formation processes of different types of faults

What are the different types of faults found in the environment?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 118)
- Library resources
- Digital resources
- Charts showing different types of faults
- Diagrams

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Diagrams assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Internal Land Forming Processes - Continental drift theory
Internal Land Forming Processes - Plate tectonics theory

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the theory of continental drift
- Describe the evidence supporting continental drift theory
- Develop interest in theories explaining earth's formation

- Use digital or print resources to research on the theory of continental drift
- Make short notes on continental drift theory
- Discuss evidence supporting the continental drift theory
- Use diagrams to illustrate continental drift theory

How does the theory of continental drift explain the formation of continents?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 122)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- World maps
- Charts showing continental drift
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 126)
- Charts showing plate tectonics

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Diagram interpretation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Internal Land Forming Processes - Features formed by faulting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify features formed due to faulting
- Illustrate the formation of rift valleys due to faulting
- Value the beauty of landforms created by faulting

- View video clips/documentaries on the processes of faulting
- Draw sketches illustrating the formation of rift valleys
- Use an atlas to locate features formed as a result of faulting processes
- Display the sketches for peer assessment

How are rift valleys formed through the process of faulting?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 130)
- Video clips/documentaries
- Atlas
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing rift valley formation

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Internal Land Forming Processes - Block mountains formation
Internal Land Forming Processes - Effects of faulting on human activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the formation of block mountains due to faulting
- Illustrate the formation of block mountains
- Appreciate diversity of landforms created by faulting

- View video clips/documentaries on the formation of block mountains
- Draw sketches illustrating the formation of block mountains
- Use an atlas to locate examples of block mountains
- Display the sketches for peer assessment

How are block mountains formed through the process of faulting?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 134)
- Video clips/documentaries
- Atlas
- Drawing materials
- Charts showing block mountain formation
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 136)
- Pictures showing effects of faulting
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Maps

- Observation - Drawing assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Internal Land Forming Processes - Hazards associated with faulting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify hazards associated with faulting
- Develop posters to create awareness on disasters relating to faulting
- Show concern for disaster risks associated with faulting

- Discuss hazards associated with faulting such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
- Develop posters to create awareness on disasters relating to faulting
- Display posters at strategic locations within the school
- Discuss disaster risk reduction measures related to faulting

What are the hazards associated with faulting and how can they be mitigated?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 138)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Materials for poster creation
- Pictures showing faulting disasters

- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Introduction and location
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Conditions for River Tana projects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify selected multipurpose river projects on a map of Africa
- Locate River Tana projects in Kenya and Aswan High Dam in Egypt
- Appreciate the importance of multipurpose river projects in Africa

- Use internet and print media to identify selected multipurpose river projects
- Use an atlas to locate River Tana and Aswan High Dam on a map of Africa
- Draw a sketch map of Africa showing the location of selected multipurpose river projects
- Discuss the strategic importance of these river projects

How useful are multipurpose river projects in society?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 140)
- Atlas
- Internet resources
- Map of Africa
- Print resources
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 142)
- Digital resources
- Pictures of River Tana projects
- Charts

- Observation - Map work assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Conditions for Aswan High Dam

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline physical conditions that led to establishment of Aswan High Dam
- Explain socio-economic conditions for Aswan High Dam
- Develop interest in the development of Aswan High Dam

- Discuss the physical conditions that led to the establishment of Aswan High Dam
- Research on the socio-economic conditions that favored the development of Aswan High Dam
- Create a chart comparing conditions for River Tana projects and Aswan High Dam
- Present findings to the class

What conditions led to the establishment of Aswan High Dam in Egypt?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 144)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of Aswan High Dam
- Charts

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Chart assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Economic importance
Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Social and political importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the economic importance of multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Explain the benefits of multipurpose river projects to local communities
- Appreciate the role of multipurpose river projects in economic development

- Carry out research on the economic importance of multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Write short notes and share with peers
- Discuss how multipurpose river projects benefit local communities
- Create a chart showing economic benefits of multipurpose river projects

What are the economic benefits of multipurpose river projects in Africa?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 146)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing economic activities around river projects
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 148)
- Pictures showing social benefits
- Materials for poster creation

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Chart assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Assess challenges facing multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Categorize challenges as environmental, social, economic and political
- Show concern for challenges facing multipurpose river projects

- Brainstorm on challenges facing multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Categorize challenges as environmental, social, economic and political
- Discuss how these challenges affect the effectiveness of multipurpose river projects
- Create a mind map of challenges and their interconnections

What challenges face multipurpose river projects in Africa?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 149)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing challenges
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Mind map assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Solutions to challenges

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design solutions to challenges facing multipurpose river projects
- Suggest sustainable approaches to river project management
- Demonstrate creativity in solving problems related to river projects

- Invite a resource person to share on solutions to challenges facing multipurpose river projects
- Design solutions to challenges facing multipurpose river projects
- Discuss sustainable approaches to river project management
- Create a presentation on innovative solutions

How can challenges facing multipurpose river projects be addressed?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 150)
- Resource person
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Project assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Multipurpose River Projects in Africa - Future prospects
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Factors leading to degradation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore future prospects for multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Suggest innovative approaches for future river projects
- Appreciate the potential of river resources for future development

- Research on planned or proposed multipurpose river projects in Africa
- Discuss innovative approaches for future river projects
- Create a vision board for future multipurpose river projects
- Present and discuss vision boards in class

What is the future of multipurpose river projects in Africa?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 151)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Materials for vision board creation
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 152)
- Video clips/documentaries
- Pictures showing environmental degradation

- Observation - Vision board assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Effects of degradation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the effects of environmental degradation in society
- Explain how environmental degradation affects quality of life
- Develop concern for effects of environmental degradation

- Use print or digital resources to establish effects of degradation of the environment
- Discuss how environmental degradation affects socio-economic activities
- Create a cause-and-effect chart showing impact of environmental degradation
- Present findings to the class

What are the effects of environmental degradation on society?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 154)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing effects of environmental degradation
- Charts

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Chart assessment

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Difference between management and conservation
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Measures for management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Distinguish between management and conservation of the environment
- Explain principles of environmental management and conservation
- Value sustainable approaches to environmental management

- Brainstorm on the difference between management and conservation of the environment
- Research on principles of environmental management and conservation
- Create a Venn diagram showing similarities and differences between management and conservation
- Share findings with peers

What is the difference between management and conservation of the environment?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 156)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts
- Pictures showing management and conservation activities
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 158)
- Materials for poster creation
- Pictures showing environmental management

- Observation - Venn diagram assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Measures for conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design measures to conserve the environment for sustainability
- Explain strategies for environmental conservation
- Show commitment to environmental conservation

- Discuss measures for conserving the environment
- Research on successful conservation strategies
- Design a poster with messages on how to creatively conserve the environment
- Present and display the posters in class

What measures can be taken to conserve the environment?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 159)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Materials for poster creation
- Pictures showing conservation activities

- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Management and Conservation of the Environment - Practical conservation activities
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Introduction and identification

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply creative thinking skills in managing and conserving the immediate environment
- Participate in environmental conservation activities
- Value practical actions for environmental conservation

- Demonstrate tolerance and express different viewpoints as they participate in environmental conservation in the community
- Plan and conduct a clean-up activity in the school or community
- Plant trees or establish a school garden
- Document the conservation activity and reflect on its impact

How can we actively participate in environmental conservation?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 160)
- Tree seedlings
- Gardening tools
- Clean-up equipment
- Digital cameras for documentation
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 162)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Map of Africa
- Pictures of world heritage sites

- Observation - Participation assessment - Project documentation - Reflection writing

Natural and Historic Built Environments

World Heritage Sites in Africa - Rock-Hewn Churches and Vallée de Mai

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela in Ethiopia
- Explain the distinctive features of Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve in Seychelles
- Appreciate the cultural and natural significance of these heritage sites

- Research on the Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela and Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve
- Create visual presentations on these world heritage sites
- Discuss the cultural and natural significance of these sites
- Present findings to the class

What makes Rock-Hewn Churches and Vallée de Mai unique world heritage sites?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 164)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of Rock-Hewn Churches and Vallée de Mai
- Video clips

- Observation - Visual presentation assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

World Heritage Sites in Africa - Serengeti and Robben Island
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Victoria Falls

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe Serengeti National Park in Tanzania
- Explain the historical significance of Robben Island in South Africa
- Value the importance of preserving natural and historical heritage sites

- Research on Serengeti National Park and Robben Island
- Create visual presentations on these world heritage sites
- Discuss the natural and historical significance of these sites
- Present findings to the class

What is the importance of Serengeti National Park and Robben Island as world heritage sites?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 166)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of Serengeti and Robben Island
- Video clips
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 168)
- Pictures of Victoria Falls

- Observation - Visual presentation assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

World Heritage Sites in Africa - Cultural heritage promotion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine importance of world heritage sites in promoting cultural heritage
- Explain how heritage sites contribute to cultural identity and pride
- Value the role of heritage sites in cultural preservation

- Brainstorm on the importance of world heritage sites in promoting cultural heritage
- Discuss how heritage sites contribute to cultural identity and pride
- Compose and sing songs or recite poems on the importance of world heritage sites in Africa
- Present songs or poems to the class

How do world heritage sites promote cultural heritage?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 169)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Musical instruments
- Writing materials

- Observation - Song/poem assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments
Political Developments and Governance

World Heritage Sites in Africa - Conservation measures
The Constitution of Kenya - Stages in constitution-making process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design measures to conserve world heritage sites
- Explain the role of different stakeholders in conserving heritage sites
- Show commitment to heritage site conservation

- Formulate in pairs measures to conserve heritage sites
- Research on the role of different stakeholders in conserving heritage sites
- Create a poster on conservation measures for world heritage sites
- Present and display posters in class

How can world heritage sites be conserved for future generations?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 170)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Materials for poster creation
- Pictures showing conservation activities
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 172)
- Charts on constitution-making process
- Manilla papers

- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Role of parliament

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine the role of parliament in constitution-making process
- Describe how parliament enacts constitutional laws
- Value the role of parliament in constitution-making

- Research on the role of parliament in constitution-making process in Kenya
- Discuss findings on parliament's role
- Watch a video on parliamentary debate on the constitution-making process
- Make notes on the role of parliament in constitution-making process

What is the role of parliament in the constitution-making process?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 174)
- Digital resources
- Video clips of parliamentary debates
- Print resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Note-making assessment

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Role of citizens in constitution-making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore the role of citizens in constitution-making process
- Explain how citizens participate in constitution review
- Recognize the importance of citizen participation in constitution-making

- Use digital devices to watch a video showing citizens participating in constitution-making process
- Study pictures showing citizens participating in constitution-making process
- Discuss the roles of citizens in constitution-making
- Write points and share with group members

How do citizens participate in the constitution-making process?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 176)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing citizen participation
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion assessment

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Citizens' participation
The Constitution of Kenya - Participating in constitution-making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways citizens can participate in constitution-making
- Explain the importance of citizen participation in governance
- Show interest in active citizenship

- Discuss how a responsible citizen participates in constitution-making process
- Study pictures showing citizen participation in constitution-making
- Brainstorm on the characteristics of a responsible citizen
- Role-play citizens participating in constitution-making process

What makes citizens' participation important in constitution-making?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 178)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing citizen participation
- Role-play materials
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 180)
- Writing materials

- Observation - Role-play assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Defending the constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of defending the Constitution of Kenya
- Identify roles of citizens in defending the constitution
- Show commitment to defending the Constitution of Kenya

- Brainstorm on meaning of "defend" the Constitution of Kenya
- Discuss ways of defending the Constitution of Kenya
- Study pictures showing people defending the Constitution of Kenya
- Share stories on how they have defended the Constitution of Kenya

How can citizens defend the Constitution of Kenya?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 180)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing constitution defense
- The Constitution of Kenya

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Story assessment

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya - Promoting the constitution
The Constitution of Kenya - Implementing the constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of promoting the Constitution of Kenya
- Identify strategies for constitutional awareness
- Desire to promote the Constitution of Kenya

- Brainstorm on meaning of "promote" the Constitution of Kenya
- Discuss ways of promoting the Constitution of Kenya
- Compose songs on defending and promoting the Constitution of Kenya
- Sing songs to group members

What strategies can be used to promote the Constitution of Kenya?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 181)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Musical instruments
- The Constitution of Kenya
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 182)
- Charts

- Observation - Song assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Civic Engagement in Governance - Individual civic activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify individual civic engagement activities in Kenya
- Explain the importance of individual civic actions
- Show interest in individual civic engagement

- Research using digital devices or print materials to identify individual civic engagement activities in Kenya
- Discuss in groups different individual civic activities
- Study pictures showing individual civic engagement activities
- Develop slogans on individual civic engagement in Kenya

How does civic engagement promote good governance in the country?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 182)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing civic engagement activities
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Slogan assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Civic Engagement in Governance - Collective civic activities
Civic Engagement in Governance - Political parties requirements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify collective civic engagement activities in Kenya
- Explain the importance of collective civic actions
- Appreciate the value of collective civic engagement

- Research using digital devices or print materials to identify collective civic engagement activities in Kenya
- Discuss in groups different collective civic activities
- Create posters on collective civic engagement activities
- Display posters in class and school notice boards

What collective civic engagement activities exist in Kenya?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 184)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing collective civic activities
- Materials for poster creation
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 186)
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Charts

- Observation - Poster assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Civic Engagement in Governance - Role of political parties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Illustrate the role of political parties in democratic governance
- Explain how political parties enhance democracy
- Recognize the importance of political parties in governance

- Discuss the meaning of democracy and democratic governance
- Research on the role of political parties in democratic governance
- Create a chart on the role of political parties in democratic governance
- Recite a poem on the role of political parties in democratic governance

What is the role of political parties in democratic governance?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 188)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts
- Poems

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Poem assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Civic Engagement in Governance - Elective positions
Civic Engagement in Governance - Values for ethical civic engagement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Outline positions vied for in a general election in Kenya
- Describe the responsibilities of elected officials
- Show interest in electoral processes

- Research on positions vied for in a general election in Kenya
- Study a chart showing elective positions in Kenya
- Discuss the responsibilities of different elected officials
- Design and draw charts on positions vied for in general elections

What positions are vied for in a general election in Kenya?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 190)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts showing elective positions
- Drawing materials
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 192)
- Role-play materials
- Charts

- Observation - Chart assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Introduction and structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the components of Kenya's Bill of Rights
- Explain the structure of Kenya's Bill of Rights
- Value the importance of the Bill of Rights

- Define the term 'Bill of Rights'
- Use digital or print resources to research on Kenya's Bill of Rights
- Study a chart showing parts of the Bill of Rights
- Discuss the components of the Bill of Rights for mutual social wellbeing

How can we protect the special groups in the community?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 195)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Chart completion

Political Developments and Governance

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Importance and application
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Rights of the elderly

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore Kenya's Bill of Rights for mutual social well-being
- Explain the importance of the Bill of Rights
- Show appreciation for the Bill of Rights in protecting individuals

- Read an article on the purpose of Kenya's Bill of Rights
- Discuss the importance of the Bill of Rights for mutual social wellbeing
- Study an excerpt of the Constitution of Kenya on application of the Bill of Rights
- Create a chart showing the importance of Kenya's Bill of Rights

What is the importance of Kenya's Bill of Rights for mutual social wellbeing?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 198)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 200)
- Pictures of elderly persons

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Chart assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Rights of refugees

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine human rights of refugees
- Explain special provisions for refugees in the Bill of Rights
- Show empathy towards refugees in society

- Study pictures of refugees
- Research on the human rights of refugees
- Study a chart on the rights of refugees under the United Nation's Convention of 1951
- Discuss how to respect and protect the rights of refugees

What are the human rights of refugees as a special group?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 202)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of refugees
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Rights of migrants

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Examine human rights of migrants
- Explain special provisions for migrants in the Bill of Rights
- Show empathy towards migrants in society

- Study pictures of migrants
- Research on the human rights of migrants
- Role-play a scenario highlighting the rights of migrants
- Develop posters on the rights of migrants

What are the human rights of migrants as a special group?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 204)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of migrants
- Materials for poster creation

- Observation - Role-play assessment - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Application for harmonious living
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Assertiveness in standing up for rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply the Bill of Rights for harmonious living
- Explain how the Bill of Rights promotes peaceful coexistence
- Value the role of the Bill of Rights in fostering unity

- Study an excerpt of the Constitution of Kenya on application of the Bill of Rights
- Think about scenarios where the Bill of Rights promotes harmonious living
- Discuss how the Bill of Rights can be applied for harmonious living
- Create a chart on application of the Bill of Rights

How can the Bill of Rights be applied for harmonious living?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 206)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 208)
- Role-play materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Chart assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Kenya's Bill of Rights - Empathy and solidarity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Cultivate empathy and solidarity with special groups in society
- Develop strategies for supporting special groups
- Show mutual social responsibility towards special groups

- Design a card with a goodwill message to an elderly person
- Study pictures showing empathy and solidarity with special groups
- Discuss how empathy and solidarity are demonstrated
- Organize a visit to elderly members of the community

How can we cultivate empathy and solidarity with special groups in society?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 210)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Materials for card making
- Pictures showing empathy and solidarity

- Observation - Card assessment - Oral presentations - Project assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Cultural Globalisation - Introduction and meaning
Cultural Globalisation - The Kiondo

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the concept of cultural globalisation
- Identify factors that have accelerated cultural globalisation
- Show interest in understanding cultural globalisation

- Research on the meaning of cultural globalisation
- Discuss factors that have accelerated cultural globalisation
- Use digital or print resources to research on cultural elements
- Brainstorm on examples of cultural globalisation

How can we preserve aspects of cultural globalization in the community?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 209)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures showing cultural globalisation
- Charts
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 211)
- Pictures of Kiondo
- Sample Kiondo (if available)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Cultural Globalisation - The Maasai Kikoi

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the Maasai Kikoi as a cultural element with global status
- Explain how the Maasai Kikoi gained global recognition
- Value the cultural significance of the Maasai Kikoi

- Study pictures of the Maasai Kikoi
- Discuss the uses of the Maasai Kikoi
- Role-play a conversation about how the Maasai Kikoi gained global status
- Write notes on the global status of the Maasai Kikoi

What makes the Maasai Kikoi a globally recognized cultural element?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 213)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of Maasai Kikoi
- Sample Maasai Kikoi (if available)

- Observation - Role-play assessment - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Cultural Globalisation - Safari
Cultural Globalisation - African cultural practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify Safari as a cultural concept with global status
- Explain how Safari gained global recognition
- Appreciate the economic importance of Safari tourism

- Research on the meaning of the word safari
- Study pictures related to safari
- Discuss how these pictures relate to safari
- Research on how the word safari has acquired global recognition

What has made Safari gain global recognition and status?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 215)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures related to safari
- Travel brochures
- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 217)
- Stories about African cultural practices
- Video clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Research assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Cultural Globalisation - Preservation of cultural elements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explore ways of preserving cultural elements that promote global citizenship
- Design strategies for cultural preservation
- Show commitment to preserving cultural heritage

- Read a case study on preserving cultural elements
- Discuss appropriate actions to preserve cultural elements
- Identify cultural elements in communities that need to be preserved
- Study pictures of cultural elements and discuss preservation strategies

What are effective ways to preserve cultural elements that promote global citizenship?

- KLB Top Scholar Social Studies (pg. 219)
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Pictures of cultural elements
- Case studies

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments - Discussion assessment