Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Identifying cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Collecting cutting tools
Cutting Tools - Hacksaws and handsaws

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify various cutting tools used in the work environment
- Distinguish between different types of cutting tools
- Show interest in learning about cutting tools

- Collect different cutting tools from the locality
- Identify the names of collected cutting tools
- Appreciate the importance of proper tool identification

- Study pictures of cutting tools
- Identify each tool shown
- Discuss how the tools are used in working environments
- Name other cutting tools found in the locality
- Collect different cutting tools available in the locality
- Identify and write down the names of the cutting tools
- Store the tools in a safe place

What cutting tools are used in work environments?
What types of cutting tools can we find in our locality?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 80
- Pictures of cutting tools
- Realia of cutting tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 81
- Various cutting tools
- Storage boxes
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 82
- Hacksaws
- Handsaws
- Pictures and charts

- Observation - Question and answer - Written test
- Observation - Portfolio assessment - Practical work

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Chisels, planes and snips
Cutting Tools - Scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters
Cutting Tools - Selecting cutting tools for given tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of chisels, planes and snips
- Explain the uses of chisels, planes and snips
- Appreciate the importance of specialized cutting tools

- Examine chisels, planes and snips
- Discuss the uses of these tools in work environments
- Compare wood chisels and cold chisels
- Identify types of planes and snips

Why are there different types of cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 83
- Chisels
- Planes
- Snips
- Pictures and charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 84
- Scrappers
- Knives
- Strippers
- Cutters
- Various cutting tools
- Charts on tool selection

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a handsaw
Cutting Tools - Using a hacksaw
Cutting Tools - Using a wood chisel
Cutting Tools - Using snips
Cutting Tools - Using wire cutters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a handsaw
- Cut timber using a handsaw
- Observe safety precautions when using a handsaw

- Demonstrate proper handling of a wood chisel
- Cut grooves on timber using a wood chisel
- Show responsibility when handling sharp tools

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a handsaw
- Practice using a handsaw to cut a piece of timber
- Observe safety by wearing safety goggles
- Store the handsaw safely after use
- Observe a demonstration on how to use a wood chisel
- Practice using a wood chisel to cut grooves on timber
- Observe safety by cutting with the blade pointing away from oneself
- Store the chisel safely after use

How is a handsaw used safely?
How can a wood chisel be used safely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 87
- Handsaw
- Timber
- Measuring tools
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 88
- Hacksaw
- Metal rods
- Plastic pipes
- Bench vice
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 89
- Wood chisel
- Mallet
- Timber
- Clamp
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 90
- Snips
- Metal sheets
- Measuring tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 92
- Wire cutters
- Wires of different sizes

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment
- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a plane
Cutting Tools - Using a scrapper and stripper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a plane
- Smoothen timber using a plane
- Value the importance of precision in tool use

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a plane
- Practice using a plane to smoothen timber and reduce its thickness
- Observe safety by wearing safety goggles
- Store the plane safely after use

How does a plane help in finishing wood surfaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
- Plane
- Timber
- Safety equipment
- Scrapper
- Stripper
- Surfaces with embedded dirt
- Insulated wires

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a knife
Cutting Tools - Caring for cutting tools
Production Unit - Factors for locating a production unit
Production Unit - Assessing location factors
Production Unit - Availability of raw materials and market

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a knife
- Cut cardboard using a knife
- Observe safety precautions when using a knife

- Explain the meaning of a production unit
- Identify factors considered when locating a production unit
- Appreciate the importance of proper location for a production unit

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a knife
- Practice using a knife to cut cardboard
- Observe safety by cutting away from the body
- Store the knife safely after use
- Discuss the meaning of the term 'production unit'
- Brainstorm and present factors considered when choosing the location of a production unit
- Share discussion points in class

Why is knife safety so important in a workshop?
How is the location of a production unit determined?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 95
- Knife
- Cardboard
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 96
- Various cutting tools
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage facilities
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Pictures of production units
- Charts
- Observation checklist
- Local production units
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and diagrams

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment
- Observation - Question and answer - Group presentation

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Infrastructure and labor
Production Unit - Factors determining size

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how infrastructure affects location decisions
- Discuss the importance of available labor
- Show interest in understanding location economics

- Use print or digital media to search for information on how infrastructure and labor availability affect location of production units
- Discuss findings in groups
- Present findings in class

Why is infrastructure important when locating a production unit?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and diagrams
- Charts

- Question and answer - Written assignment - Group presentation

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

Production Unit - Locating a production unit
Bookkeeping - Importance of bookkeeping
Bookkeeping - Assets, liabilities and capital
Bookkeeping - Bookkeeping equation
Bookkeeping - Business transactions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply knowledge on location factors
- Suggest suitable locations for different production units
- Show responsibility in making business decisions

- Explain the concept of bookkeeping equation
- Apply the bookkeeping equation in business scenarios
- Show interest in understanding financial relationships

- In groups, select a type of production unit
- Discuss suitable locations for the production unit based on factors learned
- Justify choices
- Present findings to class
- Discuss the bookkeeping equation (Assets = Capital + Liabilities)
- Calculate assets, liabilities and capital using the bookkeeping equation
- Solve practice exercises using the equation

What is the most suitable location for your chosen production unit?
How does the bookkeeping equation help in financial management?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Maps
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 114
- Charts on importance of bookkeeping
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 115
- Pictures of business assets
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 119
- Calculators
- Charts showing bookkeeping equation
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 122
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Group presentation - Peer assessment - Question and answer
- Calculation exercises - Question and answer - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Cost and price of a product
Bookkeeping - Statement of financial position
Bookkeeping - Preparing a statement of financial position

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Differentiate between cost and price
- Calculate profit and loss from business transactions
- Appreciate the importance of pricing in business

- Study pictures showing buying and selling activities
- Discuss the difference between cost and price
- Calculate profit or loss from various transactions
- Present findings in a table

How is profit or loss determined in a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 126
- Calculators
- Charts on profit calculation
- Examples of business transactions
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 128
- Sample financial statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 129
- Practice exercises

- Calculation exercises - Question and answer - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Cash flow statement
Bookkeeping - Preparing a cash flow statement
Bookkeeping - Income statement
Bookkeeping - Preparing an income statement
Bookkeeping - Importance of financial records

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a cash flow statement
- Identify components of a cash flow statement
- Show responsibility in monitoring cash flow

- Explain the meaning of an income statement
- Identify components of an income statement
- Show interest in tracking business performance

- Discuss the components of a cash flow statement
- Study a sample cash flow statement
- Identify cash inflows and outflows in the statement
- Discuss components of an income statement
- Study a sample income statement
- Identify revenue, expenses, and profit in the statement

Why is monitoring cash flow important for a business?
How does an income statement show business performance?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 130
- Sample cash flow statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 131
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 133
- Sample income statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 134
- Calculators
- Practice exercises
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 135
- Case studies

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Sources of income
Income and Budgeting - Types of income sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define the term 'income'
- Identify various sources of income for an individual
- Appreciate the importance of multiple income streams

- Search for the meaning of income using digital devices or textbooks
- Study examples of individuals with different income sources
- Identify the sources of income for each individual
- Discuss the meaning of 'sources of income'

What are the different ways people can earn income?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 137
- Charts showing sources of income
- Digital devices
- Pictures showing income-generating activities
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 138
- Charts on income sources
- Pictures

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Importance of budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Ways of spending money wisely
Income and Budgeting - Preparing a simple budget
Income and Budgeting - Income allocation in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Budget tracking and adjustment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define budget and budgeting
- Explain the importance of budgeting in day-to-day life
- Value financial planning and discipline

- Analyze different categories of expenses in a budget
- Allocate income to different expense categories
- Show responsibility in financial allocation

- Discuss questions about pocket money and how it's spent
- Search for the meaning of budget and budgeting
- Read a conversation about family budgeting
- Discuss the importance of budgeting
- Study different categories of expenses (needs, wants, savings)
- Discuss appropriate percentage allocation for each category
- Practice allocating a given amount to different budget categories
- Share and justify allocation decisions

Why is it important to prepare a personal budget?
How should income be allocated in a budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 139
- Charts on importance of budgeting
- Digital devices
- Case studies
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 142
- Posters on wise spending
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 143
- Sample budget templates
- Calculators
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget allocation charts
- Calculators
- Sample budgets
- Budget tracking templates
- Case studies
- Digital devices

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment
- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Ethical practices in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Unethical practices in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Financial planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define ethics and ethical practices
- Identify ethical practices in budgeting
- Value honesty and transparency in financial matters

- Discuss the meaning of ethics and ethical practices
- Read a case study about a community group making a budget
- Identify ethical practices that should be followed when budgeting

What are the ethical issues in income and budgeting?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 144
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 145
- Internet connectivity
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 146

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Setting financial goals
Marketing Goods and Services - Importance of marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Elements of marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Sources of market information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify short-term and long-term financial goals
- Set SMART financial goals
- Appreciate the importance of goal-setting in financial management

- Identify the key elements of marketing (advertising, selling, delivery)
- Explain how each element contributes to successful marketing
- Show interest in understanding marketing processes

- Discuss the difference between short-term and long-term financial goals
- Learn about SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
- Set personal financial goals following the SMART framework
- Share goals with classmates for feedback
- Discuss the three main elements of marketing: advertising, selling, and delivery
- Study examples of each element in real businesses
- Create a diagram showing how these elements work together
- Present diagrams to classmates

Why is goal-setting important in financial management?
What are the key elements of effective marketing?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Goal-setting templates
- Case studies
- Charts on SMART goals
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 147
- Pictures showing marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Marketing diagrams
- Pictures of marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 150
- Newspaper articles
- Internet connectivity

- Written assignment - Peer assessment - Group presentation
- Diagram assessment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Consumer behavior
Marketing Goods and Services - Factors for market selection
Marketing Goods and Services - Tools for marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what influences consumer buying decisions
- Identify factors that affect consumer preferences
- Value the importance of understanding customers

- Discuss factors that influence buying decisions (price, quality, trends)
- Analyze personal buying decisions and what influenced them
- Conduct simple surveys about consumer preferences
- Share findings with classmates

What factors influence consumer buying decisions?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Survey templates
- Digital devices
- Charts on consumer behavior
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 152
- Case studies
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 153
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on marketing tools

- Survey project assessment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Suitable markets
Marketing Goods and Services - Ethics in marketing
Saving and Investment - Reasons for saving
Saving and Investment - Methods of saving
Saving and Investment - Methods of investment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify suitable markets for different goods and services
- Match products to appropriate market segments
- Value strategic thinking in marketing

- Define saving and investment
- Explain the reasons for saving and investment
- Value the importance of saving for future needs

- Brainstorm on suitable markets for different goods and services
- Discuss factors that make a market suitable for specific products
- Present findings to classmates
- Discuss and present the meaning of saving and investment
- Brainstorm on reasons for saving and investment
- Share experiences on the benefits of saving

How do businesses identify suitable markets for their products?
Why is saving and investing important?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 154
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pictures of different products
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 155
- Case studies
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Charts on saving and investment
- Digital devices
- Case studies
- Materials for making money boxes
- Charts
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on investment options

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test
- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Preparing a saving plan
Saving and Investment - Preparing an investment plan
Saving and Investment - Ethical practices
Saving and Investment - Unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a saving plan
- Prepare a simple saving plan
- Show commitment to financial discipline

- Study sample saving plans
- Identify key components of a saving plan
- Prepare a simple saving plan
- Present saving plans to classmates for feedback

How do you create an effective saving plan?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Sample saving plans
- Calculators
- Charts
- Sample investment plans
- Case studies
- Digital devices

- Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignment