Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Hacksaws and handsaws

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the features and uses of hacksaws
- Explain the functions of handsaws
- Show interest in understanding different cutting tools

- Examine hacksaws and handsaws
- Discuss the uses of hacksaws and handsaws in work environments
- Compare the features of hacksaws and handsaws

What is the difference between hacksaws and handsaws?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 82
- Hacksaws
- Handsaws
- Pictures and charts

- Question and answer - Observation - Written assignment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Chisels, planes and snips
Cutting Tools - Scrappers, knives, strippers and cutters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of chisels, planes and snips
- Explain the uses of chisels, planes and snips
- Appreciate the importance of specialized cutting tools

- Examine chisels, planes and snips
- Discuss the uses of these tools in work environments
- Compare wood chisels and cold chisels
- Identify types of planes and snips

Why are there different types of cutting tools?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 83
- Chisels
- Planes
- Snips
- Pictures and charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 84
- Scrappers
- Knives
- Strippers
- Cutters

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Selecting cutting tools for given tasks
Cutting Tools - Using a handsaw

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate cutting tools for specific tasks
- Match cutting tools to their uses
- Show responsibility when selecting tools for tasks

- Discuss the use of various cutting tools
- Sort tools according to their uses based on materials they cut
- Match cutting tools with their uses
- Share findings with other groups

How do we select the appropriate cutting tool for a task?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 84
- Various cutting tools
- Charts on tool selection
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 87
- Handsaw
- Timber
- Measuring tools
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Question and answer - Matching exercises

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a hacksaw
Cutting Tools - Using a wood chisel

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a hacksaw
- Cut metal and plastic pipes using a hacksaw
- Value the importance of safe tool handling

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a hacksaw
- Practice using a hacksaw to cut metal and plastic pipes
- Observe safety by clamping materials firmly
- Store the hacksaw safely after use

Why is it important to secure materials when using a hacksaw?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 88
- Hacksaw
- Metal rods
- Plastic pipes
- Bench vice
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 89
- Wood chisel
- Mallet
- Timber
- Clamp

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using snips
Cutting Tools - Using wire cutters

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of snips
- Cut metal sheets using snips
- Observe safety precautions when using snips

- Observe a demonstration on how to use snips
- Practice using snips to cut metal sheets
- Observe safety by cutting away from the body
- Store the snips safely after use

Why should we cut away from our body when using snips?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 90
- Snips
- Metal sheets
- Measuring tools
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 92
- Wire cutters
- Wires of different sizes

- Practical assessment - Observation - Question and answer

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a plane
Cutting Tools - Using a scrapper and stripper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a plane
- Smoothen timber using a plane
- Value the importance of precision in tool use

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a plane
- Practice using a plane to smoothen timber and reduce its thickness
- Observe safety by wearing safety goggles
- Store the plane safely after use

How does a plane help in finishing wood surfaces?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 93
- Plane
- Timber
- Safety equipment
- Scrapper
- Stripper
- Surfaces with embedded dirt
- Insulated wires

- Practical assessment - Observation - Peer assessment

Tools and Production

Cutting Tools - Using a knife
Cutting Tools - Caring for cutting tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper handling of a knife
- Cut cardboard using a knife
- Observe safety precautions when using a knife

- Observe a demonstration on how to use a knife
- Practice using a knife to cut cardboard
- Observe safety by cutting away from the body
- Store the knife safely after use

Why is knife safety so important in a workshop?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 95
- Knife
- Cardboard
- Ruler
- Pencil
- Safety equipment
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 96
- Various cutting tools
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage facilities

- Practical assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Factors for locating a production unit
Production Unit - Assessing location factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a production unit
- Identify factors considered when locating a production unit
- Appreciate the importance of proper location for a production unit

- Discuss the meaning of the term 'production unit'
- Brainstorm and present factors considered when choosing the location of a production unit
- Share discussion points in class

How is the location of a production unit determined?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Pictures of production units
- Charts
- Observation checklist
- Local production units

- Observation - Question and answer - Group presentation

Tools and Production

Production Unit - Availability of raw materials and market
Production Unit - Infrastructure and labor

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how availability of raw materials affects location
- Discuss the importance of market proximity
- Value the relationship between location and business success

- Use print or digital media to search for information on how availability of raw materials and market proximity affect location of production units
- Discuss findings in groups
- Present findings in class

How does market proximity affect a production unit's location?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts and diagrams

- Question and answer - Written assignment - Group presentation

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship

Production Unit - Factors determining size
Production Unit - Locating a production unit
Bookkeeping - Importance of bookkeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify factors that determine the size of a production unit
- Explain how capital affects the size of a production unit
- Value informed decision-making in business planning

- Use print or digital media to search for information on factors that determine the size of a production unit
- Discuss how capital, market size, and technology affect the size of a production unit
- Share findings with peers

How is the size of a production unit determined?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts
- Maps
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 114
- Charts on importance of bookkeeping

- Question and answer - Written test - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Assets, liabilities and capital
Bookkeeping - Bookkeeping equation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define assets, liabilities and capital
- Identify examples of assets, liabilities and capital
- Appreciate the importance of differentiating business components

- Search for the meaning of assets, liabilities and capital using digital devices or textbooks
- Identify assets shown in pictures
- Discuss examples of liabilities and capital
- Present findings to other groups

What is the difference between assets, liabilities, and capital?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 115
- Pictures of business assets
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 119
- Calculators
- Charts showing bookkeeping equation
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Written test - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Business transactions
Bookkeeping - Cost and price of a product

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify parties involved in business transactions
- Distinguish between cash and credit transactions
- Value honesty in business dealings

- List items bought and identify buyers and sellers
- Read and analyze a case study on business transactions
- Discuss differences between cash and credit transactions

What types of transactions occur in a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 122
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 126
- Calculators
- Charts on profit calculation
- Examples of business transactions

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Statement of financial position
Bookkeeping - Preparing a statement of financial position

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a statement of financial position
- Identify components of a statement of financial position
- Show interest in financial statements

- Discuss the components of a statement of financial position
- Study a sample statement of financial position
- Identify assets, liabilities and capital in the statement

How does a statement of financial position show a business's health?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 128
- Sample financial statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 129
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Written test - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Cash flow statement
Bookkeeping - Preparing a cash flow statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of a cash flow statement
- Identify components of a cash flow statement
- Show responsibility in monitoring cash flow

- Discuss the components of a cash flow statement
- Study a sample cash flow statement
- Identify cash inflows and outflows in the statement

Why is monitoring cash flow important for a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 130
- Sample cash flow statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 131
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Income statement
Bookkeeping - Preparing an income statement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of an income statement
- Identify components of an income statement
- Show interest in tracking business performance

- Discuss components of an income statement
- Study a sample income statement
- Identify revenue, expenses, and profit in the statement

How does an income statement show business performance?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 133
- Sample income statements
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 134
- Calculators
- Practice exercises

- Question and answer - Observation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Importance of financial records
Income and Budgeting - Sources of income

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of financial records in decision-making
- Analyze how bookkeeping helps in financial management
- Appreciate the role of record-keeping in business success

- Read a story about a business owner who keeps records
- Discuss the role of bookkeeping in the business
- Explain how bookkeeping helped in making financial decisions

How do financial records help in making business decisions?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 135
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 137
- Charts showing sources of income
- Pictures showing income-generating activities

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Types of income sources
Income and Budgeting - Importance of budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Categorize different sources of income
- Explain various income types like salary, business, investment
- Show interest in understanding income sources

- Study a chart showing various sources of income
- Discuss the meaning of various income sources
- Categorize income sources as active or passive
- Present findings to classmates

How can income sources be categorized?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 138
- Charts on income sources
- Digital devices
- Pictures
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 139
- Charts on importance of budgeting
- Case studies

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Ways of spending money wisely
Income and Budgeting - Preparing a simple budget

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways of spending money wisely
- Explain the concept of needs versus wants
- Show responsibility in personal financial management

- Study a poster with tips on spending money wisely
- Discuss what they have learned from the tips
- Identify other ways of spending money wisely
- Create quotes on spending money wisely

How can we spend money wisely?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 142
- Posters on wise spending
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 143
- Sample budget templates
- Calculators

- Question and answer - Creative writing assessment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Income allocation in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Budget tracking and adjustment
Income and Budgeting - Ethical practices in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze different categories of expenses in a budget
- Allocate income to different expense categories
- Show responsibility in financial allocation

- Study different categories of expenses (needs, wants, savings)
- Discuss appropriate percentage allocation for each category
- Practice allocating a given amount to different budget categories
- Share and justify allocation decisions

How should income be allocated in a budget?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Budget allocation charts
- Calculators
- Sample budgets
- Budget tracking templates
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 144
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Unethical practices in budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Financial planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify unethical practices in budgeting
- Explain the consequences of unethical financial behavior
- Show commitment to ethical financial management

- Use digital devices to search for information on unethical practices in budgeting
- Identify unethical practices that should be avoided
- Discuss the consequences of unethical financial practices

Why should unethical practices be avoided in budgeting?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 145
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 146
- Case studies

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written test

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Setting financial goals
Marketing Goods and Services - Importance of marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify short-term and long-term financial goals
- Set SMART financial goals
- Appreciate the importance of goal-setting in financial management

- Discuss the difference between short-term and long-term financial goals
- Learn about SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
- Set personal financial goals following the SMART framework
- Share goals with classmates for feedback

Why is goal-setting important in financial management?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Goal-setting templates
- Case studies
- Charts on SMART goals
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 147
- Pictures showing marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Charts

- Written assignment - Peer assessment - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Elements of marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Sources of market information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the key elements of marketing (advertising, selling, delivery)
- Explain how each element contributes to successful marketing
- Show interest in understanding marketing processes

- Discuss the three main elements of marketing: advertising, selling, and delivery
- Study examples of each element in real businesses
- Create a diagram showing how these elements work together
- Present diagrams to classmates

What are the key elements of effective marketing?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Marketing diagrams
- Pictures of marketing activities
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 150
- Newspaper articles
- Internet connectivity

- Diagram assessment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Consumer behavior
Marketing Goods and Services - Factors for market selection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what influences consumer buying decisions
- Identify factors that affect consumer preferences
- Value the importance of understanding customers

- Discuss factors that influence buying decisions (price, quality, trends)
- Analyze personal buying decisions and what influenced them
- Conduct simple surveys about consumer preferences
- Share findings with classmates

What factors influence consumer buying decisions?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Survey templates
- Digital devices
- Charts on consumer behavior
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 152
- Case studies
- Charts

- Survey project assessment - Group presentation - Question and answer

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Tools for marketing
Marketing Goods and Services - Suitable markets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ICT tools used for marketing goods and services
- Explain how these tools are used in marketing
- Show interest in modern marketing methods

- Use digital devices to search for information on ICT applications used for marketing
- Discuss how social media platforms are used for marketing
- Prepare a chart showing different marketing tools and their uses

How do businesses use technology to market their products?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 153
- Digital devices
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on marketing tools
- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 154
- Charts
- Pictures of different products

- Question and answer - Group presentation - Written assignment

Entrepreneurship

Marketing Goods and Services - Ethics in marketing
Saving and Investment - Reasons for saving

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices in marketing
- Explain the importance of ethics in marketing
- Show commitment to ethical business practices

- Discuss ethical practices in marketing goods and services
- Analyze scenarios showing ethical and unethical marketing practices
- Prepare a presentation on marketing ethics

What ethical considerations should guide marketing activities?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Studies pg. 155
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Charts on saving and investment

- Question and answer - Case study analysis - Group presentation

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Methods of saving
Saving and Investment - Methods of investment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different methods of saving
- Explain the advantages of different saving methods
- Show interest in developing saving habits

- Brainstorm and present on methods of saving and investment
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages of different saving methods
- Make money boxes for personal savings using locally available materials

What are the different ways to save money?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Materials for making money boxes
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Internet connectivity
- Charts on investment options

- Practical assessment - Question and answer - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Saving and Investment - Preparing a saving plan
Saving and Investment - Preparing an investment plan
Saving and Investment - Ethical practices
Saving and Investment - Unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify components of a saving plan
- Prepare a simple saving plan
- Show commitment to financial discipline

- Study sample saving plans
- Identify key components of a saving plan
- Prepare a simple saving plan
- Present saving plans to classmates for feedback

How do you create an effective saving plan?

- Pre-Technical Studies Curriculum Design
- Sample saving plans
- Calculators
- Charts
- Sample investment plans
- Case studies
- Digital devices

- Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Written assignment