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SCHEME OF WORK
Social Studies
Grade 9 2025
TERM III
School


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WK LSN STRAND SUB-STRAND LESSON LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING EXPERIENCES KEY INQUIRY QUESTIONS LEARNING RESOURCES ASSESSMENT METHODS REFLECTION
2

Opening exam

2 2
NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Distinction
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Distinguish between management of the environment and conservation of the environment
-Explain the key differences between management and conservation
-Appreciate the importance of both management and conservation
- Learners study pictures showing management and conservation of the environment
-In groups, learners distinguish between management of the environment and conservation of the environment
-Learners discuss key differences and write them in their notebooks
Why is it important to conserve degraded environment?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 105
-Pictures showing environmental management and conservation
-Digital resources
-Chart paper
- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group presentations
2 3
NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Degradation Factors
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Effects of Degradation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explore factors that lead to degradation of the environment in the community
-Classify factors into human and natural causes
-Develop awareness on environmental degradation issues
- Learners study pictures showing environmental degradation
-Learners research on factors that lead to environmental degradation using digital and print resources
-Learners classify factors into human and natural causes
What factors lead to environmental degradation in our community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
-Pictures showing environmental degradation
-Digital resources
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 108
-Pictures showing effects of degradation
- Oral questions -Classification assessment -Written essays
2 4
NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Conservation Measures
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Practical Applications
Management and Conservation of the Environment - Project Planning
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Design measures to manage and conserve the environment in the community
-Explain different conservation approaches
-Appreciate the importance of conservation efforts
- Learners study pictures showing measures taken to manage and conserve the environment
-Learners design measures they would propose to community members on managing and conserving the environment
-Learners organize themselves in groups and choose activities to conserve the environment
What measures can we take to conserve our environment?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
-Pictures of conservation measures
-Digital resources
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 110
-Local materials for dustbins
-Tree seedlings
-Gardening tools
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
-Project planning materials
-Poster materials
- Oral questions -Design evaluation -Group presentations
3 1
NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Identification
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Cultural Heritage
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify the selected world heritage sites in Africa
-Locate world heritage sites on a map of Africa
-Appreciate the existence of world heritage sites in Africa
- Learners read a story about various world heritage sites in Africa
-Learners identify five world heritage sites from the passage and name their locations
-Learners discuss the features of different world heritage sites
Why is it important to conserve the world heritage sites?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
-Map of Africa
-Digital resources
-Pictures of heritage sites
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
-Song composition materials
- Oral questions -Identification assessment -Written assignments
3 2
NATURAL AND HISTORIC BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Conservation Measures
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Conservation Strategies
World Heritage Sites in Africa - Global Significance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Design measures to conserve the selected world heritage sites
-Explain how heritage sites can be preserved
-Appreciate efforts to conserve heritage sites
- Learners plan a field visit to a nearby heritage site or invite a resource person
-Learners find out measures used to conserve heritage sites
-Learners conduct clean-up sessions around heritage sites or plant seedlings
What measures can we take to conserve heritage sites?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 114
-Digital resources
-Field visit materials
-Clean-up materials
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
-Poster materials
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
-Card making materials
-Pictures of heritage sites
- Oral questions -Field report evaluation -Observation
3 3
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
The Constitution of Kenya - Stages in Constitution-Making
The Constitution of Kenya - Stages Arrangement
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify the stages in the constitution-making process in Kenya
-Explain what happens in each stage of the constitution-making process
-Appreciate the need for following a process in constitution-making
- Learners study pictures showing constitution-making process in Kenya
-Learners identify stages like collection of views, constitutional conferences, referendum, and promulgation
-Learners use digital devices or textbooks to research on the stages in the constitution-making process
Why is constitution-making process in Kenya important?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118
-Digital devices
-Pictures of constitution-making process
-The Constitution of Kenya
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
-Poster materials
- Oral questions -Written tests -Observation
3 4
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
The Constitution of Kenya - Importance of Understanding
The Constitution of Kenya - Role of Parliament
The Constitution of Kenya - Role of Citizens
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain why it is important to understand the constitution-making process
-Discuss various stages in the constitution-making process
-Appreciate the value of understanding constitutional processes
- Learners share with classmates reasons why it is important to understand the constitution-making process
-Learners ask each other to name the various stages in the constitution-making process
-Learners explain each stage of the constitution-making process
Why should citizens understand the constitution-making process?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
-Digital devices
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Resource person
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
-Video clips
-Pictures of parliamentary sessions
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122
-Pictures of citizens' participation
- Oral questions -Peer assessment -Written assignments
4 1
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
The Constitution of Kenya - Citizen Participation
The Constitution of Kenya - Participating in Process
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Debate on the role of citizens in the constitution-making process
-Create charts on the role of citizens in constitution-making
-Value active citizenship in democratic processes
- Learners debate on the role of citizens in the constitution-making process
-Learners create charts on the role of citizens in the constitution-making process
-Learners display their charts in the classroom
What responsibilities do citizens have in constitution-making?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123
-Chart materials
-Digital devices
-Debate materials
-Role-play materials
-The Constitution of Kenya
- Debate evaluation -Chart assessment -Observation
4 2
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
The Constitution of Kenya - Class Constitution
The Constitution of Kenya - Defending the Constitution
Civic Engagement - Individual Activities
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Plan for a class constitution-making session
-Discuss class rules to be followed by members
-Value the importance of consensual rule-making
- Learners plan for a class constitution-making session
-Learners discuss class rules that will be followed by members of the class
-Learners display the new class rules on the school noticeboard
How can we apply constitution-making principles in our class?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
-Writing materials
-Chart paper
-Display board
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital devices
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
-Slogans on civic engagement
- Process evaluation -Rules assessment -Observation
4 3
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Civic Engagement - Collective Activities
Civic Engagement - Creating Awareness
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify collective civic engagement activities in Kenya
-Explain how collective activities promote democracy
-Value collaborative efforts in civic participation
- Learners study pictures showing collective civic engagement activities
-Learners discuss how activities like voting, maintaining peace, and seeking justice promote democracy
-Learners write points in their notebooks
How can citizens collectively engage in civic activities?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 126
-Pictures of civic activities
-Digital devices
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
-Poster materials
-Internet resources
-Civic journals
- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group discussions
4 4
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Civic Engagement - Political Parties
Civic Engagement - Democratic Governance
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Illustrate the role of political parties in democratic governance
-Explain how political parties promote democratic values
-Appreciate the contribution of political parties to governance
- Learners read a conversation about the role of political parties in democratic governance
-Learners identify how political parties promote national unity and democracy
-In groups, learners name political parties in Kenya and discuss how they promote democratic governance
How do political parties contribute to democratic governance?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
-Digital devices
-Newspapers
-Political party manifestos
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 129
-Debate materials
-Political party information
- Oral questions -Group presentations -Written assignments
5

Midterm assessment

6 1
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Civic Engagement - Elective Positions
Civic Engagement - Electoral Positions
Civic Engagement - School Elections
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Outline positions vied for in a general election in Kenya
-Identify leaders holding different elective positions
-Appreciate the electoral system in Kenya
- Learners study pictures showing voting activities
-Learners identify positions being vied for as shown in ballot boxes
-Learners read articles about elective positions in Kenya
-Learners name leaders holding different elective positions
What are the elective positions in Kenya's governance system?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
-Pictures of ballot boxes
-Digital devices
-Newspaper articles
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
-Diagram templates
-The Constitution of Kenya
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
-Election materials
-Ballot boxes
-Campaign materials
- Oral questions -Written tests -Observation
6 2
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Civic Engagement - Promoting Values
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Understanding
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Compose poems on promoting values in school
-Recite poems during school events
-Value integrity, peace, and social justice
- Learners compose poems on promoting values like integrity, peace, and social justice
-Learners recite poems during school events
-Learners take part in local civic engagement activities
How can we promote civic values in our community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
-Poem composition materials
-Digital devices
-Community resources
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Pictures showing human rights
- Poem evaluation -Recitation assessment -Participation observation
6 3
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Research
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Special Groups
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Protection of Special Groups
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Research on Kenya's Bill of Rights
-Classify human rights and freedoms
-Value the protection of rights and freedoms
- Learners use digital devices, textbooks, or Constitution to search for information on Kenya's Bill of Rights
-Learners write notes of their findings
-Learners classify human rights and freedoms in a table
What rights and freedoms are guaranteed in Kenya's Bill of Rights?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital devices
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 135
-Pictures of special groups
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 136
- Research quality assessment -Classification accuracy -Oral questions
6 4
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Application
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Assertiveness
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply the bill of rights for harmonious living
-Identify ways to promote equality and respect for all
-Value the application of the Bill of Rights in daily life
- Learners read passages about application of the Bill of Rights in school settings
-Learners identify ways in which rights are applied for harmonious living
-Learners discuss other ways human rights of special groups are applied in their community
How can we apply the Bill of Rights in our daily lives?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 137
-The Constitution of Kenya
-Digital devices
-Case studies
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138
-Role play materials
-Song/poem composition materials
- Oral questions -Case study analysis -Written assignments
7 1
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Empathy for Special Groups
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Strategies for Protection
Kenya's Bill of Rights - Practical Application
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Cultivate empathy and solidarity with special groups in society
-Explain ways to show empathy to special groups
-Appreciate the importance of mutual social responsibility
- Learners study pictures showing people demonstrating empathy to special groups
-Learners discuss how people show empathy to children of refugees
-Learners identify other ways of cultivating empathy with special groups
How can we cultivate empathy for special groups in society?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139
-Pictures showing empathy
-Digital devices
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140
-Table templates
-The Constitution of Kenya
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141
-Human rights "fruit tree" diagram
-Nearby homes for elderly
- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group discussions
7 2
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Cultural Globalisation - Global Recognition
Cultural Globalisation - Kenyan Cultural Items
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify cultural elements and practices that have acquired a global recognition and status
-Explain how cultural elements make Kenya globally recognized
-Appreciate Kenya's cultural contributions globally
- Learners discuss how aspects like Kenyan athletes, tea, beaches, wildlife, and cultural items make Kenya famous
-Learners identify cultural items in Kenya which have acquired global status
-Learners share their answers in class
How can we preserve aspects of cultural globalisation in the community?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142
-Pictures of Kenyan cultural items
-Digital devices
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 143
-Pictures of cultural items
-Cultural artifacts
- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group discussions
7 3
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Cultural Globalisation - African Cultural Practices
Cultural Globalisation - African Philosophies
Cultural Globalisation - Cultural Preservation
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Examine African cultural practices in promoting a common humanity
-Identify practices that enhance cultural globalisation
-Appreciate how cultural practices promote common humanity
- Learners study pictures showing African cultural practices
-Learners examine how the practices enhance cultural globalisation and common humanity
-Learners discuss how they promote humanity in school, home, and community
How do African cultural practices promote common humanity?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144
-Pictures of cultural practices
-Digital devices
-Cultural artifacts
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145
-Research materials
-Cultural information
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 146
-Cultural preservation materials
-Local cultural centers
- Oral questions -Written assignments -Group discussions
7 4
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Cultural Globalisation - Healthy Relationships
Cultural Globalisation - Speeches on Cultural Relationships
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Enumerate factors that promote healthy cultural relationships and global interconnectedness
-Analyze activities that promote cultural relationships
-Appreciate global cultural interconnectedness
- Learners study pictures showing activities that promote healthy cultural relationships
-Learners analyze how these activities promote cultural relationships and global interconnectedness
-Learners identify other factors that promote healthy cultural relationships
What factors promote healthy cultural relationships globally?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147
-Pictures of cultural activities
-Digital devices
-Chart paper
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 148
-Speech texts
-Chart materials
-Research materials
- Oral questions -Analysis quality -Written assignments
8

End of term assessment

9

Revision and closing of school

10 1
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND GOVERNANCE
Cultural Globalisation - Global Citizenship
Cultural Globalisation - International Cultural Exchange
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify cultural elements and values that promote global citizenship
-Explain how these elements promote global citizenship
-Appreciate values and cultural elements which promote responsible global citizenship
- Learners study road maps showing cultural elements and values that promote global citizenship
-Learners discuss how these cultural elements and values promote global citizenship
-Learners create posters with cultural elements and values that promote global citizenship
How do cultural elements promote global citizenship?
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149
-Road map diagrams
-Poster materials
-Digital devices
- MENTOR Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 150
-Debate materials
-Documentation materials
- Oral questions -Poster evaluation -Written assignments

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