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| WK | LSN | TOPIC | SUB-TOPIC | OBJECTIVES | T/L ACTIVITIES | T/L AIDS | REFERENCE | REMARKS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 |
METALS
|
Chemical Properties I - Reaction with Air
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate metal reactions with air and oxygen - Write balanced equations for metal oxidation - Compare reactivity patterns - Explain tarnishing and oxide formation |
Experiment 5.1: Heat metals in air - sodium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper
- Observe color changes and products - Record observations in Table 5.3 - Write oxidation equations |
Deflagrating spoons, metal samples (Na, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu), Bunsen burners, safety equipment
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 152-154
|
|
| 1 | 2 |
METALS
|
Chemical Properties II - Reaction with Water
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Test metal reactions with cold water and steam - Arrange metals by reactivity - Explain aluminium's apparent unreactivity - Write chemical equations for reactions |
Experiment 5.2: Test metals with cold water and steam
- Use Table 5.4 for observations - Test solutions with indicators - Arrange metals in reactivity order |
Metal samples, cold water, steam generator, test tubes, universal indicator, safety equipment
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 154-156
|
|
| 1 | 3 |
METALS
|
Chemical Properties III - Reaction with Chlorine
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate metal reactions with chlorine gas - Write equations for chloride formation - Compare reaction vigor - Observe product characteristics |
Experiment 5.3: React hot metals with chlorine gas (FUME CUPBOARD)
- Observe color changes and fume formation - Record all observations - Write balanced equations |
Chlorine gas, gas jars, metal samples, tongs, deflagrating spoons, fume cupboard, safety equipment
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 156-157
|
|
| 1 | 4-5 |
METALS
|
Chemical Properties IV - Reaction with Acids
Uses of Metals I - Sodium and Aluminium |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Test metal reactions with dilute and concentrated acids - Compare reaction patterns - Write chemical equations - Explain passivation effects State uses of sodium and its compounds - Explain aluminium applications - Relate properties to uses - Describe alloy formation and uses |
Experiment 5.4: Test metals with various acids - HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄
- Use Table 5.5 for systematic recording - Observe gas evolution - Discuss passivation Discussion on sodium uses in industry - Aluminium applications in transport and construction - Study duralumin and other alloys - Property-use relationships |
Various acids (dilute and concentrated), metal strips, test tubes, gas collection apparatus, safety equipment
Charts showing metal applications, alloy samples, aircraft parts, cooking vessels |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 157-158
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 158-159 |
|
| 2 | 1 |
METALS
|
Uses of Metals II - Zinc, Copper and Iron
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain galvanization process - Describe copper electrical applications - Compare iron, steel, and cast iron uses - Analyze alloy compositions and properties |
Study galvanization and rust prevention
- Copper in electrical applications - Different types of steel and their compositions - Alloy property comparisons |
Galvanized sheets, copper wires, steel samples, alloy composition charts, brass and bronze samples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 159-161
|
|
| 2 | 2 |
METALS
|
Uses of Metals II - Zinc, Copper and Iron
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain galvanization process - Describe copper electrical applications - Compare iron, steel, and cast iron uses - Analyze alloy compositions and properties |
Study galvanization and rust prevention
- Copper in electrical applications - Different types of steel and their compositions - Alloy property comparisons |
Galvanized sheets, copper wires, steel samples, alloy composition charts, brass and bronze samples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 159-161
|
|
| 2 | 3 |
METALS
|
Steel Types and Alloys
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare cast iron, wrought iron, and steel - Analyze different steel compositions - Explain alloy property enhancement - Describe specialized steel applications |
Study cast iron, wrought iron, mild steel, and stainless steel
- Analyze carbon content effects - Specialized steels for tools and instruments - Discussion on alloy design |
Steel samples with different compositions, carbon content charts, specialized tools, stainless steel items
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 159-161
|
|
| 2 | 4 |
METALS
|
Environmental Effects of Metal Extraction
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify environmental impacts of mining - Explain pollution from metal extraction - Describe waste management strategies - Discuss NEMA regulations in Kenya |
Analysis of mining environmental impact
- Air, water, and land pollution from extraction - Waste management and slag utilization - NEMA role and regulations |
Environmental impact case studies, pollution images, NEMA regulation documents, waste management examples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 161-162
|
|
| 2 | 4-5 |
METALS
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II |
Environmental Effects of Metal Extraction
Introduction to Alkanols and Nomenclature |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify environmental impacts of mining - Explain pollution from metal extraction - Describe waste management strategies - Discuss NEMA regulations in Kenya Define alkanols and identify functional group - Apply nomenclature rules for alkanols - Draw structural formulae of simple alkanols - Compare alkanols with corresponding alkanes |
Analysis of mining environmental impact
- Air, water, and land pollution from extraction - Waste management and slag utilization - NEMA role and regulations Q/A: Review alkanes, alkenes from Form 3 - Study functional group -OH concept - Practice naming alkanols using IUPAC rules - Complete Table 6.2 - alkanol structures |
Environmental impact case studies, pollution images, NEMA regulation documents, waste management examples
Molecular models, Table 6.1 and 6.2, alkanol structure charts, student books |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 161-162
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 167-170 |
|
| 3 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Isomerism in Alkanols
Laboratory Preparation of Ethanol |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain positional and chain isomerism - Draw isomers of given alkanols - Name different isomeric forms - Classify isomers as primary, secondary, or tertiary |
Study positional isomerism examples (propan-1-ol vs propan-2-ol)
- Practice drawing chain isomers - Exercises on isomer identification and naming - Discussion on structural differences |
Isomer structure charts, molecular models, practice worksheets, student books
Sugar, yeast, warm water, conical flask, delivery tube, lime water, thermometer |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 170-171
|
|
| 3 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Industrial Preparation and Physical Properties
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain hydration of ethene method - Compare laboratory and industrial methods - Analyze physical properties of alkanols - Relate properties to molecular structure |
Study ethene hydration using phosphoric acid catalyst
- Compare fermentation vs industrial methods - Analyze Table 6.3 - physical properties - Discussion on hydrogen bonding effects |
Table 6.3, industrial process diagrams, ethene structure models, property comparison charts
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 171-173
|
|
| 3 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Chemical Properties of Alkanols I
Chemical Properties of Alkanols II |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Test reactions of ethanol with various reagents - Write equations for ethanol reactions - Identify products formed - Explain reaction mechanisms |
Experiment 6.2: Test ethanol with burning, universal indicator, sodium metal, acids
- Record observations in Table 6.4 - Write balanced equations - Discuss reaction types |
Ethanol, sodium metal, universal indicator, concentrated H₂SO₄, ethanoic acid, test tubes
Acidified potassium chromate/manganate, ethanoic acid, concentrated H₂SO₄, heating apparatus |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 173-175
|
|
| 3 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Uses of Alkanols and Health Effects
Introduction to Alkanoic Acids Laboratory Preparation of Ethanoic Acid |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
State various uses of alkanols - Explain health effects of alcohol consumption - Discuss methylated spirits - Analyze alcohol in society Define alkanoic acids and functional group - Apply nomenclature rules - Draw structural formulae - Compare with alkanols |
Discussion on alkanol applications as solvents, fuels, antiseptics
- Health effects of alcohol consumption - Methylated spirits composition - Social implications Study carboxyl group (-COOH) structure - Practice naming using IUPAC rules - Complete Table 6.5 and 6.6 - Compare functional groups of alkanols and acids |
Charts showing alkanol uses, health impact data, methylated spirit samples, discussion materials
Alkanoic acid structure charts, Table 6.5 and 6.6, molecular models, student books Ethanol, KMnO₄, concentrated H₂SO₄, distillation apparatus, thermometer, round-bottom flask |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 176-177
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 177-179 |
|
| 4 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanoic Acids
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate chemical reactions of ethanoic acid - Test with various reagents - Write chemical equations - Analyze acid strength |
Experiment following Table 6.8: Test ethanoic acid with indicators, metals, carbonates, bases
- Record observations - Write equations - Discuss weak acid behavior |
2M ethanoic acid, universal indicator, Mg strip, Na₂CO₃, NaOH, phenolphthalein, test tubes
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 180-182
|
|
| 4 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanoic Acids
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Investigate chemical reactions of ethanoic acid - Test with various reagents - Write chemical equations - Analyze acid strength |
Experiment following Table 6.8: Test ethanoic acid with indicators, metals, carbonates, bases
- Record observations - Write equations - Discuss weak acid behavior |
2M ethanoic acid, universal indicator, Mg strip, Na₂CO₃, NaOH, phenolphthalein, test tubes
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 180-182
|
|
| 4 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Esterification and Uses of Alkanoic Acids
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain ester formation process - Write esterification equations - State uses of alkanoic acids - Prepare simple esters |
Complete esterification experiments
- Study concentrated H₂SO₄ as catalyst - Write general esterification equation - Discuss applications in food, drugs, synthetic fibres |
Ethanoic acid, ethanol, concentrated H₂SO₄, test tubes, heating apparatus, cold water
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 182-183
|
|
| 4 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Detergents and Soap Preparation
Mode of Action of Soap and Hard Water Effects |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define detergents and classify types - Explain saponification process - Prepare soap in laboratory - Compare soapy and soapless detergents Explain soap molecule structure - Describe cleaning mechanism - Investigate hard water effects - Compare soap performance in different waters |
Study soap vs soapless detergent differences
- Experiment 6.5: Saponify castor oil with NaOH - Add salt for salting out - Test soap formation Study hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends - Demonstrate micelle formation - Test soap in distilled vs hard water - Observe scum formation - Write precipitation equations |
Castor oil, 4M NaOH, NaCl, evaporating dish, water bath, stirring rod, filter paper
Soap samples, distilled water, hard water (CaCl₂/MgSO₄ solutions), test tubes, demonstration materials |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 183-186
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 186-188 |
|
| 5 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Soapless Detergents and Environmental Effects
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain soapless detergent preparation - Compare advantages/disadvantages - Discuss environmental impact - Analyze pollution effects |
Study alkylbenzene sulphonate preparation
- Compare Table 6.9 - soap vs soapless - Discussion on eutrophication and biodegradability - Environmental awareness |
Flow charts of detergent manufacture, Table 6.9, environmental impact data, sample detergents
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 188-191
|
|
| 5 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Soapless Detergents and Environmental Effects
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain soapless detergent preparation - Compare advantages/disadvantages - Discuss environmental impact - Analyze pollution effects |
Study alkylbenzene sulphonate preparation
- Compare Table 6.9 - soap vs soapless - Discussion on eutrophication and biodegradability - Environmental awareness |
Flow charts of detergent manufacture, Table 6.9, environmental impact data, sample detergents
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 188-191
|
|
| 5 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Introduction to Polymers and Addition Polymerization
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define polymers, monomers, and polymerization - Explain addition polymerization - Draw polymer structures - Calculate polymer properties |
Study polymer concept and terminology
- Practice drawing addition polymers from monomers - Examples: polyethene, polypropene, PVC - Calculate molecular masses |
Polymer samples, monomer structure charts, molecular models, calculators, polymer formation diagrams
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 191-195
|
|
| 5 | 4-5 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Addition Polymers - Types and Properties
Condensation Polymerization and Natural Polymers |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify different addition polymers - Draw structures from monomers - Name common polymers - Relate structure to properties Explain condensation polymerization - Compare with addition polymerization - Study natural polymers - Analyze nylon formation |
Study polystyrene, PTFE, perspex formation
- Practice identifying monomers from polymer structures - Work through polymer calculation examples - Properties analysis Study nylon 6,6 formation from diamine and dioic acid - Natural polymers: starch, protein, rubber - Vulcanization process - Compare synthetic vs natural |
Various polymer samples, structure identification exercises, calculation worksheets, Table 6.10
Nylon samples, rubber samples, condensation reaction diagrams, natural polymer examples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 195-197
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 197-200 |
|
| 6 | 1 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Polymer Properties and Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare advantages and disadvantages of synthetic polymers - State uses of different polymers - Discuss environmental concerns - Analyze polymer selection |
Study Table 6.10 - polymer uses
- Advantages: strength, lightness, moldability - Disadvantages: non-biodegradability, toxic gases - Application analysis |
Table 6.10, polymer application samples, environmental impact studies, product examples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 200-201
|
|
| 6 | 2 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Polymer Properties and Applications
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Compare advantages and disadvantages of synthetic polymers - State uses of different polymers - Discuss environmental concerns - Analyze polymer selection |
Study Table 6.10 - polymer uses
- Advantages: strength, lightness, moldability - Disadvantages: non-biodegradability, toxic gases - Application analysis |
Table 6.10, polymer application samples, environmental impact studies, product examples
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 200-201
|
|
| 6 | 3 |
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
|
Comprehensive Problem Solving and Integration
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve complex problems involving alkanols and acids - Apply knowledge to practical situations - Integrate polymer concepts - Practice examination questions |
Worked examples on organic synthesis
- Problem-solving on isomers, reactions, polymers - Integration of all unit concepts - Practice examination-style questions |
Comprehensive problem sets, past examination papers, calculators, organic chemistry summary charts
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 167-201
|
|
| 6 | 4-5 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Introduction, Nuclear Stability and Types of Radioactivity
Types of Radiation and Their Properties Radioactive Decay and Half-Life Concept Half-Life Calculations and Problem Solving |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define nuclide, isotope, and radioisotope - Compare nuclear vs chemical reactions - Explain neutron/proton ratios - Distinguish natural from artificial radioactivity Define half-life of radioactive isotopes - Plot radioactive decay curves - Calculate remaining amounts after decay - Apply conservation of mass and energy |
Q/A: Review atomic structure from Form 2
- Study Table 7.1 - nuclear vs chemical reactions - Analysis of neutron/proton ratios and nuclear stability - Discussion on natural vs artificial radioactivity Study Table 7.2 - iodine-131 decay data - Plot decay graph using given data - Calculate fractions remaining after multiple half-lives - Practice basic half-life problems |
Periodic table, atomic structure charts, Table 7.1, nuclear stability diagrams
Radiation type charts, penetration diagrams, electric field illustrations, safety equipment charts Graph paper, Table 7.2 data, calculators, decay curve examples, half-life data table Calculators, comprehensive problem sets, worked examples, isotope half-life comparison tables |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 199-201
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 204-206 |
|
| 7 | 1 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Nuclear Reactions and Equations
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Write balanced nuclear equations - Apply conservation laws for mass and atomic numbers - Explain alpha and beta emission effects - Balance complex nuclear reactions |
Practice writing nuclear equations for alpha emission
- Study beta emission examples - Apply mass and atomic number conservation - Balance various nuclear reactions with missing nuclides |
Nuclear equation examples, periodic table, conservation law charts, practice worksheets
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 205-207
|
|
| 7 | 2 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Radioactive Decay Series and Sequential Reactions
Nuclear Fission and Chain Reactions |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain sequential radioactive decay - Trace decay series pathways - Identify stable end products - Complete partial decay series |
Study thorium-232 decay series example
- Trace sequential alpha and beta emissions - Identify stable lead-208 endpoint - Practice completing decay series with missing nuclides |
Decay series charts, thorium series diagram, nuclide stability charts, practice decay series
Fission reaction diagrams, chain reaction illustrations, nuclear reactor diagrams, energy calculation examples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 206-207
|
|
| 7 | 3 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Nuclear Fusion and Energy Comparisons
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Define nuclear fusion process - Compare fusion with fission processes - Write fusion equations - Explain stellar energy production and fusion applications |
Study hydrogen fusion examples
- Compare fusion vs fission characteristics and energy yields - Stellar fusion processes - Hydrogen bomb vs nuclear reactor principles |
Fusion reaction diagrams, comparison tables, stellar fusion charts, energy comparison data
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 207-208
|
|
| 7 | 4-5 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Medical and Diagnostic Applications
Industrial, Agricultural and Dating Applications |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Describe medical applications of radioisotopes - Explain cancer treatment using radiation - Discuss diagnostic procedures and imaging - Analyze therapeutic vs diagnostic uses Explain industrial leak detection - Describe agricultural monitoring techniques - Discuss carbon-14 dating principles - Analyze food preservation methods |
Study cobalt-60 and caesium-137 in cancer treatment
- Iodine-131 in thyroid monitoring - Bone growth and fracture healing monitoring - Sterilization of surgical instruments Study leak detection using short half-life isotopes - Carbon-14 dating of archaeological materials - Phosphorus tracking in agriculture - Gamma radiation food preservation |
Medical radioisotope charts, treatment procedure diagrams, diagnostic equipment images, case studies
Carbon dating examples, agricultural application charts, industrial use diagrams, food preservation data |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 208-209
|
|
| 8 | 1 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Radiation Hazards and Environmental Impact
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Identify radiation health hazards - Explain genetic mutation effects - Discuss major nuclear accidents - Analyze long-term environmental contamination |
Study Chernobyl and Three Mile Island accidents
- Genetic mutation and cancer effects - Long-term radiation exposure consequences - Nuclear waste disposal challenges |
Accident case studies, environmental impact data, radiation exposure charts, contamination maps
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 209-210
|
|
| 8 | 2 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Safety Measures and International Control
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Explain radiation protection principles - Describe proper storage and disposal methods - Discuss IAEA role and standards - Analyze monitoring and control systems |
Study IAEA guidelines and international cooperation
- Radiation protection protocols and ALARA principle - Safe storage, transport and disposal methods - Environmental monitoring systems |
IAEA guidelines, safety protocol charts, monitoring equipment diagrams, international cooperation data
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 209-210
|
|
| 8 | 3 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Half-Life Problem Solving and Graph Analysis
|
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve comprehensive half-life problems - Analyze experimental decay data - Plot and interpret decay curves - Determine half-lives graphically |
Plot decay curves from experimental data
- Determine half-lives from graphs - Analyze count rate vs time data - Complex half-life calculation problems |
Graph paper, experimental data sets, calculators, statistical analysis examples, comprehensive problem sets
|
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 199-210
|
|
| 8 | 4-5 |
RADIOACTIVITY
|
Half-Life Problem Solving and Graph Analysis
Nuclear Equations and Conservation Laws |
By the end of the
lesson, the learner
should be able to:
Solve comprehensive half-life problems - Analyze experimental decay data - Plot and interpret decay curves - Determine half-lives graphically Balance complex nuclear equations - Complete nuclear reaction series - Identify unknown nuclides using conservation laws - Apply mass-energy relationships |
Plot decay curves from experimental data
- Determine half-lives from graphs - Analyze count rate vs time data - Complex half-life calculation problems Practice balancing nuclear reactions with multiple steps - Complete partial decay series - Identify missing nuclides using conservation principles - Mass-energy calculation problems |
Graph paper, experimental data sets, calculators, statistical analysis examples, comprehensive problem sets
Nuclear equation worksheets, periodic table, decay series diagrams, conservation law examples |
KLB Secondary Chemistry Form 4, Pages 199-210
|
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