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Biology
Form 3 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

Opening and Revision

2 1
CLASSIFICATION II
Phyllum Chordata.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify general characteristics of chordates.
Q/A: Identify classes of phylum chordata.
Discussion: characteristics of chordates.
KLB BK III. PP 16-18. CERTIFICATE PG 22
2 2-3
CLASSIFICATION II
Class Pisces.
Class Amphibia.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label external features of a (tilapia) fish.
To compare observable features of a tilapia fish and those of a frog.
Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts pertaining to characteristics of fish.
Group experiments- Observing specimens and placing them in their respective classes.
Chart tilapia fish.
Preserved specimens ? fish, amphibians.
KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 22
KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 23
2 4
CLASSIFICATION II
Class Reptilia.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of reptilia.
Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.
KLB BK III. P 18. CERTIFICATE PG 24
2 5
CLASSIFICATION II
Class Aves.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of aves.
Q/A: Comparing reptiles and amphibians/ aves
Discussion: General characteristics of reptilia.
Chart- Diagrams of birds.

KLB BK III. P 19. CERTIFICATE PG 24
3 1
CLASSIFICATION II
Class Mammalia.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state general characteristics of Mammalia.
Q/A: Examples of egg laying mammals, pouched mammals, primates, etc.
Diagrams of various mammals.
KLB BK III. P 20. CERTIFICATE PG  25
3 2-3
CLASSIFICATION II
Dichotomous key.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the rules used in constructing a dichotomous key.
Teacher exposes features of a dichotomous key.

KLB BK III. P 23. CERTIFICATE PG 27
3 4
CLASSIFICATION II
Features for identifying animals / plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list identification features for animals/ plants.
Teacher exposes features for identifying animals/ plants.

KLB BK III. P 24. CERTIFICATE PG 27
3 5
CLASSIFICATION II
Examples of dichotomous keys.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct dichotomous keys using leaves, stems, e.t.c.
Teacher leads through constructed dichotomous keys.
Chart- Constructed dichotomous keys.
KLB BK III. P 24. CERTIFICATE PG28
4 1
CLASSIFICATION II
Construction of dichotomous keys.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct a guided dichotomous key of a given number of steps.
To use a constructed dichotomous key to identify given specimens.
To construct own dichotomous key.
Supervised exercise.

Written exercise.

Exercise review.
Plants from different families.

Different plant species.
KLB BK III. PP 24-30 CERTIFICATE PG30
4 2-3
CLASSIFICATION II
ECOLOGY
Construction of dichotomous keys.
Concepts of ecology.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct a guided dichotomous key of a given number of steps.
To use a constructed dichotomous key to identify given specimens.
To construct own dichotomous key.

To differentiate between autecology and synecology.
Define various concepts used in ecology.
Supervised exercise.

Written exercise.

Exercise review.

Exposition- Teacher exposes new concepts and explains their underlying meanings.
Plants from different families.

Different plant species.
text book
KLB BK III. PP 24-30 CERTIFICATE PG30
KLB BK III. P 33 CERTIFICATE PG36
4 4
ECOLOGY
Abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe various abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.
Detailed discussion of effect of light, temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, salinity, pH on distribution of organisms.
text book
KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG38
4 5
ECOLOGY
Measuring abiotic factors.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To measure abiotic factors that affect distribution of organisms.
Group activities- Measuring temperature, humidity, pH.
Answering related questions.
Thermometers
pH meter e.t.c.
KLB BK III. P 34. CERTIFICATE PG39
5 1
ECOLOGY
Biotic inter-relationships. - Competition.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between intraspecific and interspecific competition.
To interpret graphs representing competition between two species.
To define an ecological niche and a habitat.
Teacher exposes new concepts.


Teacher leads in interpreting graphs showing competition.

Q/A: Deductions from graphs.
Chart , graphs.
KLB BK III. P 35. CERTIFICATE PG 50
5 2-3
ECOLOGY
Biotic inter-relationships. - Competition.
- Predation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To differentiate between intraspecific and interspecific competition.
To interpret graphs representing competition between two species.
To define an ecological niche and a habitat.

To define a predator and a prey.
To describe adaptive characteristics of various predators.
Teacher exposes new concepts.


Teacher leads in interpreting graphs showing competition.

Q/A: Deductions from graphs.
Q/A: Pairs of predators and preys.
Discussion: Adaptive characteristics of leopards, hawks, praying mantis, lions, e.t.c

Chart , graphs.
text book
KLB BK III. P 35. CERTIFICATE PG 50
KLB BK III. P 37. CERTIFICATE PG 51
5 4
ECOLOGY
- Parasitism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To distinguish parasitism from predation.
To differentiate between endoparasites and ectoparasites.
To identify adaptive features of parasites.
Q/A: Pairs of parasites and hosts.
Examine specimens of endoparasites and ectoparasites.
Discuss economic importance of parasites.

Specimens of endoparasites and ectoparasites.
KLB BK III. P 37. CERTIFICATE PG 53
5 5
ECOLOGY
- Symbiosis and Saprophytism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define symbiosis and saprophytism.
To explain economic importance of symbiosis and saprophytism.


Detailed discussion.

Examples of symbiants and saprophytic organisms.
text book
KLB BK III. P 38. CERTIFICATE PG  57
6 1
ECOLOGY
The Nitrogen cycle.
Trophic levels.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the nitrogen cycle.
Explain importance of micro-organisms in root nodules of plants.


Discuss flow chart of nitrogen cycle.
Chart-Nitrogen cycle.
Flow chart- Energy flow in an ecosystem.
KLB BK III. PP 40-41. CERTIFICATE PG58
6 2-3
ECOLOGY
Food chains.
Food webs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a food chain.
To give examples of food chains.
To identify trophic levels of organism(s) in a food chain.

To interpret food webs.
Teacher gives an illustration of a food chain; then gives specific examples.
Q/A: Trophic levels of organisms in a food chain.


Teacher illustrates a food web in a given habitat.
Emphasis is laid on direction of arrows.
Answer questions derived from food webs.
chart
charts
KLB BK III. P 42. CERTIFICATE PG46
KLB BK III. P 43. CERTIFICATE PG47
6 4
ECOLOGY
Ecological pyramids of numbers.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To represent feeding relationships and energy flow using pyramids of numbers.
Q/A: Review trophic levels.
Teacher explains features of pyramid of numbers.
chart
KLB BK III. PP 41-42. CERTIFICATE PG 49
6 5
ECOLOGY
Constructing Pyramid of numbers from given data.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To construct pyramid of numbers from given data.

To interpret constructed pyramid of numbers from given data.

Q/A: Identifying trophic levels of organisms.

Use given date to construct pyramid of numbers.

Supervised Exercise.

text book
KLB BK III. PP 42-43 CERTIFICATE PG 49
7

Mid Term Examination

8 1
ECOLOGY
Inverted pyramid of numbers.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples where an inverted pyramid of numbers exists; giving reasons thereof.
Representing inverted pyramid of numbers diagrammatically.
Chart- Inverted pyramid of numbers.
KLB BK III. PP 43-44 CERTIFICATE PG 50
8 2-3
ECOLOGY
Pyramid of Biomass.
Population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define biomass of an organism.
To interpret the pyramid of biomass.
To construct a biomass from given data.
To describe some characteristics of populations.
To explain factors affecting population growth rate.
Teacher exposes new concepts; then leads in a detailed discussion.

Students construct biomass from given data.

Q/A: Definition of population.
Discuss population density, dispersion and growth.
Q/A: Factors affecting population growth rate; including food availability, space, diseases such as HIV/AIDS, pests, e.t.c.


chart
text book
KLB BK III. PP 44-45. CERTIFICATE PG 50
KLB BK III. P 46.  CERTIFICATE PG 60
8 4
ECOLOGY
Quadrat method of estimating population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the quadrat method of estimating population.
To suggest limitations of quadrat method of estimating population.
Teacher explains use of quadrat method of estimating population.
Q/A: limitations of quadrat method of estimating population.
Project- students to make quadrats.

text book
KLB BK III. PP 46-47. CERTIFICATE PG 62
8 5
ECOLOGY
Quadrat method of estimating population.
Line - transect method of estimating population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To estimate population using quadrat method.
Students? outdoor activity- Estimating population using standard quadrats.
Standard quadrats.
text book
KLB BK III. PP
46-47. CERTIFICATE PG 62
9 1
ECOLOGY
Belt transect method of estimating population.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To estimate population using belt transect method of population.
Group work ? outdoor activity.
Discussion.
Tape measure, quadrats, pegs, thermometer, pH indicator, e.t.c
KLB BK III. PP 48-49. CERTIFICATE PG 63
9

Mid Term Break

10 1
ECOLOGY
Capture-recapture method.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe capture-recapture method of estimating population.
To suggest limitations of capture-recapture method.
To estimate population size using capture-recapture method.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Q/A: Assumptions made in this method, limitations of the method.

Worked examples.
specimen
KLB BK III. PP 48-49. CERTIFICATE PG 61
10 2-3
ECOLOGY
Xerophytes.
Mesophytes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of dry habitats.
To identify adaptations of xerophytes to their habitats.
To state characteristics of habitats of mesophytes.

To explain adaptations of mesophytes to their habitats.
Q/A: Characteristics of dry habitats.
Discussion: Adaptations of xerophytes to dry habitats.


Q/A: Characteristics of habitats where mesophytes thrive.

Discussion: Adaptations of mesophytes to their habitats.
Specimens of xerophytes.
Specimens of mesophytes.
KLB BK III. P 50. CERTIFICATE PG 64
KLB BK III. P 51. CERTIFICATE PG 69
10 4
ECOLOGY
Hydrophytes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of hydrophytes.
To explain adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats.
Q/A: Characteristics of habitats where hydrophytes.
thrive.

Discussion: Adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats.
Specimens of hydrophytes.
KLB BK III. P 51. CERTIFICATE PG 66
10 5
ECOLOGY
Halophytes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of halophytes.
To explain adaptations of halophytes to their habitats.
Q/A: Characteristics of dry habitats.
Discussion: Adaptations of dry habitats.
Specimens of halophytes.
KLB BK III. P 52. CERTIFICATE PG 68
11 1
ECOLOGY
Adaptive features of plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Group experiments- Students examine given specimens and suggest their habitats.
Identify adaptive features.
Xerophytes Mesophytes
Hydrophytes
Hand lenses.
KLB BK III. P 50. CERTIFICATE PG 69
11 2-3
ECOLOGY
Adaptive features of plants.
Pollution and its effects.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To define pollution, pollutants.
To explain effects of pollution on human beings and other organisms.
Group experiments- Students examine given specimens and suggest their habitats.
Identify adaptive features.
Discussion punctuated with Q/A.
Xerophytes Mesophytes
Hydrophytes
Hand lenses.
text book
KLB BK III. P 50. CERTIFICATE PG 69
KLB BK III. P 55. CERTIFICATE PG 70
11 4
ECOLOGY
Air pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of air pollution.
To suggest control measures of air pollution.

Detailed discussion & probing questions.
topic related video
KLB BK III. PP 56-59. CERTIFICATE PG 70
11 5
ECOLOGY
Air pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of air pollution.
To suggest control measures of air pollution.

Detailed discussion & probing questions.
topic related video
KLB BK III. PP 56-59. CERTIFICATE PG 70
12 1
ECOLOGY
Water pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of water pollution.
To suggest control measures of water pollution.

Detailed discussion & Q/A.
video of water pollution
KLB BK III. P 60. CERTIFICATE PG 77
12 2-3
ECOLOGY
Water pollution.
Soil pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of water pollution.
To suggest control measures of water pollution.


To identify causes and effects of soil pollution.
To suggest control measures of soil pollution.
Detailed discussion & Q/A.
video of water pollution
text book
KLB BK III. P 60. CERTIFICATE PG 77
KLB BK III. P 62. CERTIFICATE PG 80
12 4
ECOLOGY
Radioactive emissions.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify effects of radioactive emissions.
To state uses of nuclear energy.
Brief discussion on radioactive emissions and nuclear energy
text book
KLB BK III. P 62. CERTIFICATE PG 72
12 5
ECOLOGY
Human diseases. Typhoid & cholera.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify disease predisposing factors.
To describe causative agents, symptoms, prevention of bacterial diseases.

Detailed discussion with probing questions.

text book
KLB BK III. P 63. CERTIFICATE PG 82
13 1
ECOLOGY
Protozoan diseases.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causal agents, symptoms, prevention and treatment of amoebic dysentery and malaria.
Detailed discussion, Q/A.
magazine
KLB BK III. PP 66. CERTIFICATE PG 83
13 2-3
ECOLOGY
Prevention and control of protozoan diseases.
Ascaris lumbricoides.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain methods of preventing and controlling protozoan diseases.
To identify adaptive features of Ascaris lumbricoides.
To state and explain effects of a parasite on the host.
To suggest preventive and control measures.

Group activities: Students examine preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides and identify some adaptive features.

Detailed discussion.

Preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides.
CERTIFICATE PG  83
KLB BK III. P 67. CERTIFICATE PG 87
13 4
ECOLOGY
Ascaris lumbricoides.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify adaptive features of Ascaris lumbricoides.
To state and explain effects of a parasite on the host.
To suggest preventive and control measures.
Group activities: Students examine preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides and identify some adaptive features.

Detailed discussion.
Preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides.
KLB BK III. P 67. CERTIFICATE PG 87
13 5
ECOLOGY
Bilharzia.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causal and transmission agents of bilharzia.
To describe effects of the parasite on its host.
To identify adaptive features of schistosoma.
Brief discussion
Q/A: Effects on host and control measures.
chart
KLB BK III. P 69. CERTIFICATE PG 86
14

End Term CAT and Closing


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