EVOLUTION

Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 49-51

EVOLUTION

Evidence for organic evolution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 51-59

EVOLUTION

Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.

Forelimbs of vertebrates.

KLB BK IV. PP 59-63

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64

EVOLUTION

Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Darwin?s theory of natural selection.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.

Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.

Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
KLB BK IV. PP 67-72

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.

Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.

Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.

KLB BK IV. PP 73-74

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Tropism and types of tropism.
Nastic responses.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.

Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
text book

KLB BK IV. PP 74-78

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Role of auxins in tropisms.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.

Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.

text book

KLB BK IV. PP 80-83

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
Types of neurons. The brain.
Reflex actions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.
Identify types of neurons.

Describe structure of the human brain.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
KLB BK IV. PP 85-88

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Transmission of a nerve impulse.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 90-93

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

The endocrine system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify components of endocrine system.
Compare endocrine system. With nervous system.

Discussion; tabulate the differences.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 93-6

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

The mammalian eye.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.

Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.

Chart- the human eye.

KLB BK IV. PP 93-100

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Accommodation of the eye.
Defects of vision and their correction.
The human ear.
Hearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Identify major parts of the human ear.

Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.

Chart- focusing far and near points.
Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION

Body balance and posture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear maintains body balance and posture.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

KLB BK IV. PP 107-8

RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Defects of the ear.
Importance of support and movement in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some defects of the ear.

Descriptive and expository approaches.

text book

KLB BK IV.
P 108

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Arrangement of tissues in a monocotyledonous stem.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label a transverse section of a monocotyledonous stem.

Examine transverse section of a monocotyledonous stem.

Monocotyledo-nous stem, eg. tradescantia, microscope,
Razors.

KLB BK IV. PP111-2.

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Arrangement of tissues in a dicotyledonous stem.
Stem tissues.
Wilting in plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label a transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem.
Draw and label a transverse section of herbaceous and woody stems.


Compare the rate of wilting of herbaceous and woody stems.
Account for difference in rate of water loss.

Examine transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem, herbaceous and woody stems.

Uproot herbaceous and woody plants;
Observe tem for about 30 min;
Brief discussion.

Herbaceous stem, microscope, slides,
Razors.
Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 111-5
KLB BK IV. P 116

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The exoskeleton.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the exoskeleton.

Examine movement of a live arthropod;
Observe muscles of the hind limb of a grasshopper;
Relate the observations to the function of the exoskeleton.

A live arthropod,
E.g. grasshopper, millipede.

KLB BK IV. PP 116-7

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The endoskeleton.
Locomotory features of a finned fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the endoskeleton.

Observe skeleton of a vertebrate;
Compare it with an exoskeleton.
Discuss the contrasting features.

The human skeleton.
A freshly killed tilapi

KLB BK IV. PP 117-8

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Locomotion in a finned fish.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how locomotion occurs in a finned fish.
Explain how a fish is adapted to locomotion in its habitat.

Review external features of a tilapia.
Detailed discussion.

A freshly killed tilapia.

KLB BK IV. PP 117-8

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Tail power of a fish.
Support and movement in mammals. The skull and rib cage.
The vertebral column. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate the tail power of a fish.
Describe the features of the vertebral column.
Identify types of vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of cervical and thoracic vertebrae to their functions.

Measure length of tail, length of a tilapia fish.
Calculations.
Discussion on significance of tail power in locomotion.
Examine cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

A freshly killed tilapia.
Human skull, rib cage of rat / rabbit.
Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. PP 118-9
KLB BK IV. PP 121-2

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.

Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.

Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. PP 122-3

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The sacral and caudal vertebrae.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of sacral and caudal vertebrae to their functions.

Examine sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.

Sacral and caudal vertebrae.

KLB BK IV. P 124

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The appendicular skeleton.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.

Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..

Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.

KLB BK IV. PP 124-5

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fore limb.
Hind limb.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the fore limb.

Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

Bones of the fore limb.
Bones of the hind limb.

KLB BK IV. PP 126-7

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Movable joints.
Ball and socket joint.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of movable joints.

Examine the synovial joint.
Brief discussion.

Synovial joint model.

KLB BK IV. P 127

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The hinge joint. Movement of a joint.
Skeletal muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of hinge joint.

Describe movement of a joint.
Describe features of skeletal muscles.

Examine a hinge joint.

Observe movement of the fore arm;

Discussion.
Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles;
Brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 128-9
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Smooth or visceral muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.

Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 129-30

SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Cardiac muscles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.

Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB BK IV. PP 130-1