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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

LABOUR DAY
2 1
GENETICS
First law of heredity.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe Mendel?s experiments.
State Mendel?s first law.
Exposition with explanations.
KLB BK IV. PP 11-12
2 2-3
GENETICS
Monohybrid inheritance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define monohybrid inheritance.
Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Draw diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Q/A to review Mendel?s first law.
Drawing diagrams to show genetic crosses.
Discussion with probing questions.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 12-14
2 4
GENETICS
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
2 5
GENETICS
Genetic crosses using a punnet square.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Show fusion of gametes using a punnet square.
Completing a punnet square;
Brief discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 14-15
3 1
GENETICS
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
3 2-3
GENETICS
Ratios of phenotypes and genotypes.
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept of probability in inheritance of characteristics.
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Q/A to review phenotypes and genotypes.
Simple experiments on probability.
Discussion.

Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
Beans of two different colours, beakers.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 15-17
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
3 4
GENETICS
Incomplete dominance.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite examples of incomplete dominance.
Illustrate incomplete dominance with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 19-20.
3 5
GENETICS
Inheritance of ABO blood groups.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate inheritance of blood groups with diagrams.
Exposition;
Discussion;
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on inheritance of blood groups.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 20-21
4 1
GENETICS
Inheritance of Rhesus factor.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe inheritance of Rhesus factor.
Exposition;
Discussion.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 21-22
4 2-3
GENETICS
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
4 4
GENETICS
Determining unknown genotypes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine unknown genotypes using test crosses and selfing crosses.
Exposition;
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 22-23
4 5
GENETICS
Sex determination in man.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.
Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
KLB BK IV. PP 23-24
5 1
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
5 2-3
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.

Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
5 4
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
5 5
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
6

MADARAKA DAY
6 2-3
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
6 4
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
6 5
GENETICS
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45
7 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.




Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74
7 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.




Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74
7 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
7 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
8 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Nastic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of nastic responses
Q/A and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 78-80
8 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Role of auxins in tropisms.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 80-83
8 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.




Descriptive and expository approaches.




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
8 4-5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.




Descriptive and expository approaches.




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
9

HALF TERM
10 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Types of neurons. The brain.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of neurons.

Describe structure of the human brain.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 85-88
10 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Reflex actions.
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 88-90
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
10 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
10 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
11 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The endocrine system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify components of endocrine system.
Compare endocrine system. With nervous system.
Discussion; tabulate the differences.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-6
11 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Chart- the human eye.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
11 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
11 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
12 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of vision and their correction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify defects of vision.
Explain correction of vision defects.
Detailed discussion with probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 101-4
12 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The human ear.
Hearing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human ear.


Explain how the ear perceives sound.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5
KLB BK IV. P 106
12 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Body balance and posture.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear maintains body balance and posture.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
KLB BK IV. PP 107-8
12 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of the ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some defects of the ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 108
13-14

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