Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation - Suitable materials for making compost manure
Soil Conservation - Collecting materials for compost manure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify suitable materials for making compost manure
- Differentiate between suitable and unsuitable materials for compost manure
- Appreciate the importance of selecting proper materials for compost manure

- Discuss suitable materials for compost manure based on their local environment
- Look at photographs showing materials for making compost manure and identify them
- In groups, list materials that can be used for making compost manure
- Classify materials as suitable or unsuitable for compost manure

How can we identify suitable materials for making compost manure?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 2
- Photographs of organic waste materials
- Actual organic waste materials
- Charts showing suitable materials for composting
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 3
- School environment for collecting materials
- Containers for sorting materials
- Gloves

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Group work assessment

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation - Preparation of compost manure using heap method
Soil Conservation - Making compost manure
Soil Conservation - Caring for compost manure
Soil Conservation - Importance of compost manure in farming

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe the heap method of making compost manure
- Identify the tools needed for making compost manure using heap method
- Demonstrate interest in preparing compost manure

- Watch a video or observe demonstration on preparing compost manure using heap method
- Discuss the steps of making compost manure using the heap method
- Identify tools needed for making compost manure
- Make drawings of the compost heap structure

What is the heap method of making compost manure?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 4
- Video on compost making
- Charts showing steps of making compost manure
- Drawing materials
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 5
- Collected organic materials
- Tools for compost making (spades, digging tools)
- Water
- Waterproof covering material
- Compost heap
- Garden tools
- Thermometer (if available)
- Compost manure
- Planting containers
- Seeds
- Soil
- Record sheets

- Observation - Oral questions - Drawing assessment

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation - Application of compost manure
Water Conservation - Concept of water conservation
Water Conservation - Drip irrigation concept
Water Conservation - Types of drip irrigation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply compost manure in the school garden
- Demonstrate proper methods of applying compost manure
- Show enthusiasm in applying compost manure

- Demonstrate how to apply compost manure to crops
- Apply compost manure to plants in the school garden
- Discuss when to apply compost manure to crops
- Observe growth of crops after application of compost manure

When and how should we apply compost manure?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 6
- Ready compost manure
- Garden tools
- School garden
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 7
- Charts on water conservation
- Pictures showing water conservation methods
- Drawing materials
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 8
- Video clips on drip irrigation
- Charts showing drip irrigation
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 9
- Pictures showing different types of drip irrigation
- Charts
- Video clips

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Making drip irrigation with bottles
Water Conservation - Making drip irrigation with pipes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials needed for making drip irrigation with bottles
- Make a simple drip irrigation system using bottles
- Value creativity in making drip irrigation equipment

- Identify materials needed for making drip irrigation with bottles
- Make holes in the bottle caps
- Fill bottles with water and place them near plants
- Observe water flow from the bottles

How can we make a simple drip irrigation system using bottles?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 10
- Plastic bottles
- Nails
- Hammers
- Water
- Plants
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 11
- Plastic pipes
- Container for water
- Tools for making holes
- Stands for the container

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Conservation - Using drip irrigation to water plants
Water Conservation - Benefits of drip irrigation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply drip irrigation to water plants
- Demonstrate proper use of drip irrigation
- Appreciate the efficiency of drip irrigation in water conservation

- Use constructed drip irrigation systems to water plants
- Observe how water drips to the plants
- Discuss the efficiency of the drip irrigation system
- Monitor plant growth with drip irrigation

How effective is drip irrigation in watering plants?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 12
- Constructed drip irrigation systems
- Plants
- Water
- Observation charts
- Charts
- Pictures of different irrigation methods
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Types of fuels used at home
Fuel Conservation - Equipment that use different fuels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of fuels used at home
- Classify fuels according to their sources
- Show awareness of different types of fuels

- Discuss different types of fuels used at home
- Observe pictures of different fuels
- Classify fuels according to their sources
- Complete a word search puzzle on fuels

What types of fuels do we use at home?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 13
- Pictures of different types of fuels
- Charts
- Word search puzzles
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 14
- Pictures of cooking equipment
- Charts showing cooking equipment
- Matching cards

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Puzzle completion

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Methods of conserving fuels
Fuel Conservation - Using fuel-saving equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of conserving fuels
- Demonstrate methods of conserving fuels
- Value the importance of fuel conservation

- Discuss methods of conserving different types of fuels
- Observe pictures showing fuel conservation
- Identify equipment that conserve fuel
- Role-play on fuel conservation

How can we conserve fuels at home?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 15
- Pictures showing fuel conservation
- Charts
- Fuel-saving equipment (if available)
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 16
- Fuel-saving equipment
- Normal equipment
- Fuels
- Observation charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Fuel Conservation - Comparing fuel efficiency
Fuel Conservation - Benefits of conserving fuel
Fuel Conservation - Promoting fuel conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare fuel efficiency of different cooking equipment
- Record observations on fuel consumption
- Appreciate efficient use of fuels

- Conduct an experiment comparing fuel efficiency
- Use both fuel-saving jiko and normal jiko to boil milk
- Measure time taken for each to boil milk
- Record and discuss observations

Which cooking equipment is more fuel-efficient?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 17
- Fuel-saving jiko
- Normal jiko
- Milk
- Timer
- Recording sheets
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 18
- Charts
- Drawing materials
- Pictures showing environmental degradation
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 19
- Song/poem materials

- Observation - Practical assessment - Experiment records - Oral questions

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Small wild animals that destroy crops
Conserving Wild Animals - Damage caused by wild animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify small wild animals that destroy crops
- Describe how small wild animals destroy crops
- Appreciate the need to protect crops from wild animals

- Observe pictures of small wild animals
- Identify small wild animals that destroy crops
- Discuss how small wild animals destroy crops
- Share experiences of crop destruction by wild animals

Which small wild animals destroy crops?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 20
- Pictures of small wild animals
- Charts
- Video clips
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 21
- Pictures showing crop damage
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Drawing assessment

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Methods of keeping wild animals away
Conserving Wild Animals - Making a scarecrow

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify methods of keeping wild animals away from crops
- Compare different methods of keeping wild animals away
- Show interest in humane methods of keeping wild animals away

- Discuss methods of keeping wild animals away from crops
- Observe pictures showing different methods
- Classify methods based on effectiveness and humaneness
- Role-play on keeping wild animals away

How can we keep wild animals away from our crops?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 22
- Pictures showing methods of keeping wild animals away
- Charts
- Video clips
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 23
- Pictures of scarecrows
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment - Written tests

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals - Constructing a scarecrow
Conserving Wild Animals - Using a scarecrow
Conserving Wild Animals - Importance of wild animals
Conserving Wild Animals - Living better with wild animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate materials for constructing a scarecrow
- Construct a scarecrow using locally available materials
- Demonstrate creativity in making a scarecrow

- Collect materials for making a scarecrow
- Construct a frame for the scarecrow
- Stuff the scarecrow with appropriate materials
- Complete constructing the scarecrow

How do we construct a scarecrow?

- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 24
- Materials for making scarecrow (sticks, old clothes, straw, string)
- Tools (scissors, knife)
- Charts showing steps
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 26
- Constructed scarecrows
- School farm or nearby farm
- Tools for installation
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 27
- Charts
- Pictures of wild animals
- Video clips
- Oxford Agriculture and Nutrition Grade 4 pg. 29
- Drawing materials
- Pictures showing conservation of wild animals

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment