METALS

Ores of some metals.
Occurrence and extraction of sodium.
Occurrence and extraction of aluminium.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Name the chief ores of some metals.


Describe occurrence and extraction of aluminium.

Exposition and brief discussion.
Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.

Chart: Down?s cell.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 168-9
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 171-3

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of iron.
Occurrence and extraction of zinc.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe occurrence and extraction of iron.

Brief discussion.
Write relevant chemical equations.

Chart: Blast furnace.
Flow chart: extraction of Zinc.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 173-5

METALS

Extraction of lead.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how lead is extracted.

Q/A & brief discussion.
Write balanced chemical equations leading to extraction of lead.

Flow chart: extraction of lead.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 179-80

METALS

Occurrence and extraction of copper.
Physical properties of some metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe extraction of copper.

Q/A & brief discussion.
Write balanced chemical equations leading to extraction of copper.

Flow chart: extraction of copper.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 181-183

METALS

Reaction of metals with oxygen.
Reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effect of burning metals in air.
Describe reaction of metals with cold water and steam.

Arrange the metals in order of reactivity with cold water and steam.

Teacher demonstration / Group experiments.
Burning some metals in air.
Write relevant equations.
Brief discussion.

Class experiments:
Investigate reaction of some metals with cold water and steam.
Analyse the results.

Common lab. metals.
Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 184-6
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 186-9

METALS

Reaction of metals with chlorine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the reaction of metals with chlorine.

Teacher demonstration in a fume cupboard / in the open.
Investigate reaction of metals with chorine
Write corresponding equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 189-191

METALS

Reaction of metals with acids.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe and explain reaction of metals with acids.

Group experiments: investigate reaction of metals with dilute acids.
Teacher demonstration: investigate reaction of metals with concentrated acids.
Discuss the observations made and write relevant chemical equations.

Metals: Al, Zn, Fe, Cu.

Acids; HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 191-4

METALS

Uses of metals.
Environmental effects of extraction of metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of some metals and alloys.

Q/A & brief discussion;
Uses of Sodium, Aluminium, Zinc, Iron and Copper & some alloys.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 194-7

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

Effect of concentration on rate of a reaction
Effect of time of reaction on the rate of reaction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Explain the effects of change of concentration of reactants on a reaction.

Explain how the rate or reaction changes as the reaction proceed

Group experiments to investigate effect of concentration on rate of reaction using dil. HCl and magnesium ribbons.
Determine the time taken for reactions to be complete.
Calculation of concentration of HCl in moles per litre.
Discuss the observations and sketch illustrative graphs.

Group experiments: investigate volume of gas evolved when magnesium reacts with dilute HCl.
Collect evolved gas and sketch and illustrative graphs.
Discuss the results.

Portions of 2M HCl diluted with different volumes of water,
Stopwatches.
Magnesium ribbons, stopwatches, conical flask.
100cm3 0.5M HCl, syringes, stoppers, tubes and connectors.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 73-74
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 75-79

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

Effect of temperature of reactants on rate of reaction.
Effect of change in surface area of reactants on the rate of a reaction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the effect of temperature on rate of reaction.

Group experiments: investigate the effects of temperature on the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulphate with dilute HCl.
Sketch and interpret relevant graphs.
Discuss the collision theory and effects of activation energy.

Sodium thiosulphate heated at different temperatures, dilute HCl, stopwatches.
Graph papers.
Marble chips, marble chips powder, syringes, conical flasks with stoppers, 1M HCl.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 80-83

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

Effect of a suitable catalyst on the rate of a reaction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of a suitable catalyst on the rate of a reaction.

Teacher demonstration: preparation and collection of oxygen gas without using a catalyst, then using manganese (IV) oxide as a catalyst.
Explain the results in terms of activation energy.

Hydrogen peroxide, manganese (IV) oxide.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 85-88

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

Effect of light on rate of specific reactions.
Reversible reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify reactions that are affected by light.

Teacher demonstration: decomposition of silver bromide in the presence of light.
Mention other examples of reactions affected by light.

Silver bromide.
Crystals of hydrated copper (II) sulphate.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 89-91

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

State of equilibrium in chemical reactions.
Le Chatelier?s Principle.
Effect of change of pressure and temperature on equilibrium shift.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term equilibrium as used in reversible reactions.
Write down equations of reversible reactions in a state of equilibrium.

Explain the effect of change of pressure & te,perature on equilibrium shift.

Brief discussion, giving examples of chemical equations for reversible reactions.
Q/A: review kinetic theory of matter.
Q/A & discussion on effect of change of pressure / temperature on shifting of equilibrium; giving specific examples of chemical equations.
Written assignment.

student book
Add 2M sodium hydroxide,

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 94-95
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 97-101

RATES OF REACTION & REVERSIBLE REACTIONS.

The Haber Process.
The Contact Process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the concept optimum conditions of a chemical equilibrium.
Explain factors that change the position of equilibrium of the Harber process.

Q/A and detailed discussion on change of pressure, temperature, concentration of ammonia and effect of presence of a suitable catalyst on the Haber process.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 102-103

RADIOACTIVITY

Definition of radioactivity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define radioactivity, a nuclide and radioactive decay.
Differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity.

Q/A: Review the atomic structure.
Exposition: symbolic representation of an atom / nucleus.
Exposition: meaning of radioactivity and radioactive decay.
Discussion: artificial and natural radioactivity.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 249-251

RADIOACTIVITY

Alpha particles.
Equations involving alpha particles.
Beta particles. Gamma rays.
Radioactive Half-Life.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State properties of alpha particles.
Describe methods of detecting alpha particles.

Q/A: position of helium in the periodic table.

Expository approach:

student book
Dice.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 251-253

RADIOACTIVITY
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Radioactive decay curve.
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Applications of radioactivity.
Redox reactions.
Oxidizing Numbers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot a radioactive decay curve to deduce the
half ?life from the curve.


Describe redox reactions in terms of gain / loss of electrons.
Identify oxidizing / reducing agents involved in redox reactions.

Drawing a radioactive decay curve inferring the half-life of the sample from the graph.



Q/A: review cations, anions and charges.
Write down ionic half equations and identify reducing / oxidizing agents.

Graph papers.
student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 254-5
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 108-9

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Displacement reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain change of oxidation numbers during redox / displacement reactions. Arrange elements in order of their reducing power.

Class standard experiments: reacting metals with solutions containing metal ions.
Taking note of reactions and those that do not take place; and tabulating the results.

Metals: Ca, Na, Zn, Fe, Pb, and Cu.
Solutions containing Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 116-120

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

The oxidizing power of an element.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Arrange elements in order of their oxidizing power.

Teacher demonstration / group expts:
Adding halogens to solutions containing halide ions.
Tabulate the results.
Discuss the results and arrive at the oxidizing power series of halogens.

Halogens:
Cl2 (g),
Br2 (l),
I2 (s).

Halides:
KCl, KBr, KI.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 120-122

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Cell diagrams.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms electrode, potential and e.m.f. of an electrochemical cell.
Describe components of a cell diagram.
Draw cell diagrams using correct notations.

Teacher demonstration: Zinc/ copper cell.
Q/A & discussion: changes in oxidation numbers.
Exposition: cell diagram and deducing the direction of electron flow.

Zinc/ copper cell.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 123-128

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard Electrode Potentials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify standard conditions for measuring electrode potentials.
Define the term standard electrode potential of a cell.
Write half reactions of electrochemical cells.

Descriptive and expository approaches: teacher exposes new concepts.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 129-131

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard Electrode Potentials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify standard conditions for measuring electrode potentials.
Define the term standard electrode potential of a cell.
Write half reactions of electrochemical cells.

Descriptive and expository approaches: teacher exposes new concepts.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 129-131

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard Electrode Potentials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify standard conditions for measuring electrode potentials.
Define the term standard electrode potential of a cell.
Write half reactions of electrochemical cells.

Descriptive and expository approaches: teacher exposes new concepts.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 129-131

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard Electrode Potentials.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify standard conditions for measuring electrode potentials.
Define the term standard electrode potential of a cell.
Write half reactions of electrochemical cells.

Descriptive and expository approaches: teacher exposes new concepts.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 129-131

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Standard electrode potential series.
Emf of a cell.
Possibility of a reaction to take place.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Recall the order of standard electrode potentials.
Compare oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.
Calculate emf of a cell using standard electrodes potentials.

Q/A: review reactivity series, oxidizing agent, reducing agent.
Exposition: the order of standard electrode potentials.
Discussion: oxidizing and reducing powers of substances.

Q/A: review half-cells.
Worked examples; supervised practice.
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 131-133
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 133-136

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Primary and secondary chemical cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the functioning of primary and secondary chemical cells.

Exposition of new concepts and brief discussion
Assignment.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 138-141

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of dilute NaCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term electrolysis.
Explain the concept of preferential discharge of ions.

Teacher demonstration: electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride with carbon electrodes.
Test for gases collected.
Write down equations of reactions at each electrode.
Discussion: preferential discharge of ions at electrodes.

Dilute sodium chloride voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 141-144

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Electrolysis of brine.
Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify products of electrolysis of brine.

Teacher demonstration/ group experiments.
Test for the products of electrolysis.
Write relevant equations.

Brine voltameter.
Sulphuric acid voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 144-146

ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.

Factors affecting electrolysis.
Application of electrolysis.
Faraday?s law of electrolysis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that affect electrolytic products discharged at electrodes.
Describe some applications of electrolysis.

Q/A: review the electrochemical series of elements.
Teacher writes down order of ease of discharge of ions at electrodes.
Discussion: other factors; giving suitable examples.

Probing questions and brief discussion on applications of electrolysis.
Practical assignment on electrolysis: electroplating an iron nail with a suitable metal.

student book
Suitable voltameter.
Weighing balance, stop watch, copper sulphate voltameter.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 153-5
K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 155-7

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Alkanols (Alcohols).
Nomenclature of alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Identify the functional group of alkanols.

Explain formation of alkanol molecules.

Q/A: review alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

Teacher exposes new concepts and links them with already known concepts.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Page 205

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Isomerism in alkanols.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe positional and chain isomerism in alkanols.
Explain formation of primary and secondary alkanols.

Q/A: review the terms positional and chain isomerism.
Brief discussion on isomerism.
Oral exercise: naming given organic compounds.
Written exercise: writing structural formulae for isomers of organic compounds of a given molecular formula.

student book

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 208-10

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANES & ALKANOIC ACIDS)

Preparation of ethanol in the lab.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe preparation of ethanol in the laboratory.

Group experiments / teacher demonstration.

Discuss the fermentation process.

Calcium hydroxide solution, sugar solution, yeast.

K.L.B. BK IV
Pages 210-11